2023学年完整公开课版被动语态

被动语态中考复习专题十一Passivevoice1.什么是被动语态？2.如何将主动语态变成被动语态?3.被动语态的谓语结构5.被动语态中要注意的问题4.什么时候要用被动语态？LearningObjectives:语态概述：表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式叫做语态，英语动词分为两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)和被动语态(thePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。Tom

waterstheflowerseveryday.Tom每天给浇花。主语谓语主语为动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主语Theflowers

arewateredbyTomeveryday.花每天被Tom浇水。谓语主语为动作的承受者宾语宾语如何将主动语态变成被动语态?主动语态被动语态They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)inthesouth-eastofChina.by

them(宾语)isgrown(谓语)Tea(主语)inthesouth-eastofChina.Step1：Step2：Step3：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的______。将主动语态的谓语改为“________________”结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词by的________，放在谓语之后(有时可以省略)。代词宾格主语be+done(过去分词)宾语donebe被动语态的谓语构成:be(助动词)＋done(及物动词的过去分词）②有人称、数和时态的变化规则动词和不规则动词变过去分词的构成方法见课本最后一页不规则动词表①变否定和疑问句。变化固定各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done2一般过去时didwas/were+done3一般将来时will/shall+dowill/shall+

be+done4过去将来时would+dowould+

be+done5现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done6过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being+done7现在完成时

have/has+donehave/has+been+done8过去完成时had+donehad+been+done9含情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done

※

重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。时态构成一般现在时am/is/are+not＋done一般过去时was/were+not＋done现在/过去进行时am/is/are+not+being+done

was/were一般/过去将来时will/shall/would+not＋be＋done现在/过去完成时has/have/had+not＋been＋done含情态动词can/must/should/may...+not＋be＋done

被动语态的各种时态的否定形式总结：1.含情态动词的not加在情态动词后面；

2.有助动词的not加在助动词后面，助动词有：一般/过去将来时态的will/shall/should，现在/过去完成时态的have/has/had，现在/过去进行时态的be(am,is,are,was,were)。1.NowEnglish___bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.

A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspokenD.spoke2.Students___nottousemobilephonesinourschool.

A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked一般现在时的被动语态：①意义：表示经常性或习惯性的被动动作②时间状语：now,ever...,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom等。③结构：am/is/are(not)+done链接中考(2019襄阳)—Ienjoyedwalkingonthecleanstreetsinthemorning.—Youknowthey____bythehard-workingcleanereveryday.A.cleanB.arecleanedC.arecleaningD.willclean1.Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.foundC.waslookedforD.lookedfor2.Thegifts____tomebymyfriendsyesterday.A.aren'tboughtB.isn'tboughtC.weren'tboughtD.wasn'tbought链接中考(2019宜昌)—It'sreportedthat31ofthebraveyoungmen_____inabigforestfireinSichuan.—Idon'tknowwhotheyare,butIknowwhotheyarefor.A.werekillingB.werekilledC.killedD.hadkilled一般过去时态的被动语态：①意义：表示在过去时间发生的被动动作。②时间状语：yesterday,last...,...ago等。③结构：was/were(not)+done1.Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentupD.aresendingup2.Ibelievethatthosemountains____withtreesinafewyears.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover链接中考(2019咸宁)—Thepassengerrefusedtomoveaftertakinganotherone'sseat!.—Whatashame!He_____accordingtothenewlycreditsystem(诚信系统).A.punishB.punishedC.willpunishD.willbepunished一般将来时态的被动语态：①意义：表示将来某一时间将要发生的被动动作。②时间状语：tomorrow,next...,inthefuture,in+时间段等。③结构：

will/shall(not)+be+

done1.Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.built2.Inthepast10years,manyman-madesatellites______upbyChinese.A.hasbeensentB.hassentC.weresentD.sent链接中考(2019上海浦东)People______tosetofffirecrackersinsomeareasofShanghaiforseveralmonths.A.aren'tallowedB.weren'tallowedC.won'tbeallowedD.haven'tbeenallowed现在完成时态的被动语态：①意义：表示到说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。②时间状语：already,ever,recently,lately,yet,sofar,since...,inthepast...等。③结构：have/has(not)+been+

done1.English____everydayifyouwanttolearnitwell.A.shouldreadB.shouldbereadC.shouldberedD.shouldbeenread2.—Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules_____tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.makeB.mustbemadeC.mustmadeD.bemade链接中考(2018达州)—Finalexamiscoming.Don'twatchTVfortoolong.—I'mnotachildanymore.I_____whattodo.A.shouldalwaysbetoldB.shouldalwaystellC.shouldn'talwaysbetoldD.shouldn'talwaystell含情态动词的被动语态：①意义：常常用来表示具有某种特定的感情色彩的被动动作。②结构：can/may/must/should...(not)+be+

done什么时候要用被动语态？1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时；2.出于礼貌或不便提到动作的执行者时；Everybody

isexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下规定。Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被偷了。3.需要强调动作的承受者时；(汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。)Thetigerwaskilled

byWuSong．老虎是被武松打死的。4.动作的发出者不是人时Hishouse

waswashed

awaybytheflood.他的房子被洪水冲走了。5.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语Waiters

wanted.

(招聘服务员，省去了are)6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态He

wasborn

inOctober，1989.

他出生于1989年10月。7.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等作客观说明时。Itissaid(据说)thatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……Itwasreported(据报道)thathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itis

(well/widely)knownthat…据信......It'sbeievedthat...据推测说……Itissupposedthat…据了解......It'sunderstoodthat...withoutparents_____goodcareofbyhisteacher.主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词（be）的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数与新主语保持一致。

ThechildA.istakenB.aretakenC.wastakenD.willbetakene.g.Theteachertakesgoodcareofthechildwithoutparents.1.主谓一致在被动语态中要注意的问题易错点主语()

后置定语①将间接宾语(指人)提前做被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍放在动词后面不变。

即：间宾+be+done+直宾+...e.g.Myfathergave

me

anewbookonmybirthday.I

_________anewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).wasgiven2.含双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语）的动词②把后面直接宾语(指物)提前做主语，此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to(在give,pass,lend,write,bring,show,tell,send等动词后)

或for(在draw,buy,make,leave,play,order,cook等动词后)。

即：

直宾+be+done+介词(for/to)+间宾+...Myfathergave

me

anewbookonmybirthday.e.g.Anewbook____________meanewbookonmybirthday.wasgiven

to

①He_________aninterestingstorybyhisgrandpa.②Aninterestingstory___________himbyhisgrandpa.1.Mysister

boughtme

anewcomputeryesterday.①I__________anewcomputer(bymysister)yesterday.②Anewcomput____________me(bymysister)yesterday.wasbought

wasboughtfor

Hisgrandpatold

him

aninterestingstory.wastold

towastold

3、在主动语态中，动词不定式在let,make,see,hear等使役动词、感观动词后作宾语补足语时，要省去“to”，但在被动语态中，“to”要还原。※这种用法的常用动词有：

一感

feel

二听

hear,listen

to

三使

make,let,have

四看

see,watch,notice,lookat

①Ioften

make

mylittlesistercry.Mylittlesister___often________cry.e.g.ismadeto考点还有help哦②刚才有人看见Paul进了这间办公室。Paul_____________enterthisofficejustnow.wasseento

4.主动形式表被动意义的情况：1.某些系动词如smell,look,sound,feel等，不用于被动语态，用主动形式表被动意义。e.g.

Ababy'sskin________smooth.婴儿的皮肤摸起来很光滑。

Goodmedicine_________bitter.良药苦口（尝起来）。

Yourreason__________reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。

Thedressonyou______verysmart.你身上这件裙子很好看。feels

tastes

考点soundslooks2.某些可以用来表示主语内在“品质”或“状态”，与well(很),easily(容易的),perfectly(十分地)等状语连用的动词，如wash,sell,read,wear,feel,keep,write,drive等，不用于被动语态，用主动形式表被动意义。e.g.ThebookswrittenbyMoYan______well.莫言写的书很畅销。Thiskindofcloth_________easily.这种布料很容易洗。

Thepen_______well.这笔好写。sellwashes易错writes3.主语+beworthdoing

句式中

V.ing形式表达被动含义;。e.g.

这本书值得一读。

Thebookisworth

__________.

故宫博物院值得一游。ThePalaceMuseumisworth__________.

这个故事值得一听

Thestoryisworth

______________.。

listeningtoreadingvisiting教材中常见的一些表被动含义的短语：1.becoveredwith...被......覆盖

2.befilledwith...装满/充满......=befullof...3.beregardedas...被视为......4.becosideredas...被认为/看作......5.beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事6.be

madeof...由......(看得出来的原料)制成7.be

madefrom...由......(看不出来的原料)制成8.be

madein...由(某地方)制造9.

be

madeby...由(某人)制造

10.beusedtodosth.被用来做某事

beusedfor...被用于......

beusedas...被当作......来使用11.besupposed/expectedto...应该/被期待做某事12.makesb.done

使自己被别人......13.have/getsth.done让某事/物被......1.—It'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.—Ithinkabridge______overtheriver.A.wasbuildB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt2.Don'tworry.You______plentyoftimetodecide.A.willgiveB.havegivenC.willbegivenD.aregiving3.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it______verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltExercise单项选择：4.Thiskindofpen_____well,becauseit______smoothly.A.sells;writesB.issold;writesC.sells;iswrittenD.issold;iswriting5.Newspapers______paper.Paper______wood.

A.aremadeof;ismadefrom

B.ismadeof;ismadefrom

C.aremadefrom;ismadeof

D.ismadefrom;ismadeof

6.Tom!You_____onthephonejustnow,butyou_____in.A.wanted;wereB.arewanted;areC.called;aren'tD.werewanted;weren't.Mary_____anEnglishsonginherroomwhenwepassedby.A.washeardtosingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingingD.heardsinging完成句子：1.随着中国的发展，老年人在未来可以得到很好的照顾。（look）

WiththedevelopmentofChina,theoldpeoplecan______________wellinthefuture..2.最近几年来，黄冈发生了巨大的变化。（take）

Greatchanges___________________inHuangganginthepastfewyears.belookedafter

havetakenplace5.这个小镇周围很多旧窗户和房门被拆毁了。（pull）Manyoldwindowsanddoorsaroundthetown_______________.6.通常在周末我们的体育老师叫来一些学生练习足球。（call）

Usually,somestudents____________topracticesoccerbyourPEteacheronweekends.7.人们相信，茶是6、7世纪带到韩国和日本的。（bring）It'sbelievedthattea______________KoreaandJapanduring6thand7thcenturies.8.这家餐馆提供安全又美味的食物。Safeanddeliciousfood__________inthisrestaurant.arecalledinwasbroughttowerepulleddownisservedRomeisnotbuiltinaday.Thefinestdiamondmustbecut.Timeislostcannotbewonagain.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.Experiencemustbebought.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。玉不琢，不成器。时光流逝，不可复得。岁月既往，一去不回。今日事，今日毕。吃一堑，长一智。Thanksforyourlistening!

Bye!注意：如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。规则动词过去式（过去分词）的变化规则①一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived③以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopped,dropped④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed。如：studied，worried动词原形过去式过去分词

cost

[kɔst]cost

[kɔst]cost

[kɔst]花费cut

[kʌt]cut

[kʌt]cut

[kʌt]割，切，剪hurt

[hə:t]hurt

[hə:t]hurt

[hə:t]受伤，使……伤痛hit

[hit]hit

[hit]hit

[hit]打，撞击let

[let]let

[let]let

[let]让put

[put]put

[put]put

[put]放下read

[ri:d]read

[red]read

[red]注意读音读set

[set]set

[set]set

[set]安排，安置spread

[spred]spread

[spred]spread

[spred]展开，传播，涂spit

[spit]spit/spat

[spit]

[spæt]

spit/spat

[spit]

[spæt]吐痰,shut

[ʃʌt]shut

[ʃʌt]shut

[ʃʌt]关上,闭起,停止营业英语不规则动词初中记忆表1.AAA型（原形→原形→原形）12.AAB型动词原形过去式过去分词

beat

[bi:t]

beat

[bi:t]beaten

['bi:tn]打败3.ABA（原形→过去式→原形）动词原形过去式过去分词

become

[bi'kʌm]became

[bi'keim]become

[bi'kʌm]变come

[kʌm]came

[keim]come

[kʌm]来run

[rʌn]ran

[ræn]run

[rʌn]跑4.ABB型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词

deal

[di:l]dealt

[delt]dealt

[delt]解决hear

[hiə]heard

[hə:d]heard

[hə:d]听见mean

[mi:n]meant

[ment]meant

[ment]意思（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词

build

[bild]built

[bilt]built

[bilt]建筑lend

[lend]lent

[lent]lent

[lent]借给rebuild

[,ri:'bild]rebuilt

[,ri:'bilt]rebuilt

[,ri:'bilt]改建,重建send

[send]sent

[sent]sent

[sent]送，寄spend

[spend]spent

[spent]spent

[spent]花费（3）原形→ought→ought动词原形过去式过去分词

bring

[briŋ]brought

[brɔ:t]brought

[brɔ:t]带来buy

[bai]bought

[bɔ:t]bought

[bɔ:t]买fight

[fait]fought

[fɔ:t]fought

[fɔ:t]打架think

[θiŋk]thought

[θɔ:t]thought

[θɔ:t]思考,想（4）原形→aught→aught动词原形过去式过去分词

catch

[kætʃ]caught

[kɔ:t]caught

[kɔ:t]捉,抓teach

[ti:tʃ]taught

[tɔ:t]taught

[tɔ:t]教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词

dig

[diɡ]dug

[dʌɡ]dug

[dʌɡ]掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feed

[fi:d]fed

[fed]fed

[fed]喂食find

[faind]found

[fəund]found

[fəund]发现，找到get

[ɡet]got

[ɡɔt]got/gotten

['ɡɔtən]得到hold

[həuld]held

[held]held

[held]拥有，握住，支持lead

[li:d]led

[led]led

[led]引导,带领,领导meet

[mi:t]met

[met]met

[met]遇见sit

[sit]sat

[sæt]sat

[sæt]坐shoot

[ʃu:t]shot

[ʃɔt]shot

[ʃɔt]射击spit

[spit]spit/spat

[spæt]spit/spat

[spæt]吐痰,stick

[stik]stuck

[stʌk]stuck

[stʌk]插进,刺入,粘住,win

[win]won

[wʌn]won

[wʌn]赢babysit['bæbi,sit]babysat['bebi'sit]babysat['bebi'sit]临时照看（6）原形→_lt/pt/ft→_lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词

feel

['fi:l]felt

[felt]felt

[felt]感到，触摸keep

[ki:p]kept

[kept]kept

[kept]保持leave

[li:v]left

[left]left

[left]离开sleep

[sli:p]slept

[slept]slept

[slept]睡觉sweep

[swi:p]swept

[swept]swept

[swept]扫（7）其它（无规律）动词原形过去式过去分词

lay

[lei]laid

[leid]laid

[leid]下蛋,放置pay

[pei]paid

[peid]paid

[peid]付say

[sei]said

[sed]said

[sed]说stand

[stænd]stood

[stud]stood

[stud]站understand

[,ʌndə'stænd]understood

[,ʌndə'stud]understood

[,ʌndə'stud]明白lose

[lu:z]lost

[lɔst,lɔ:st]lost

[lɔst,lɔ:st]失去have

[həv,hæv]had

[hæd]had

[hæd]有make

[meik]made

[meid]made

[meid]制造sell

[sel]sold

[səuld]sold

[səuld]卖tell

[tel]told

[təuld]told

[təuld]告诉retell

[,ri:'tel]retold

[,ri:'təuld]retold

[,ri:'təuld]重讲，重复，复述（1）原形→ew→own5.ABC型blow

[bləu]blew

[blu:]blown

[bləun]吹draw

[drɔ:]drew

[dru:]drawn

[drɔ:n]画画grow

[ɡrəu]grew

[ɡru:]grown

[ɡrəun]生长know

[nəu]knew

[nju:]known

[nəun]知道throw

[θrəu]threw

[θru:]thrown

[θrəun,'θrəun]抛，扔动词原形过去式过去分词（4）、变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）动词原形过去式过去分词

begin

[bi'ɡin]began

[bi'ɡæn]begun

[bi'ɡʌn]开始drink

[driŋk]drank

[dræŋk]drunk

[drʌŋk]喝sing

[siŋ]sang

[sæŋ]sung

[sʌŋ]唱sink

[siŋk]sank

[sæŋk]sunk

[sʌŋk]下沉,沉没swim

[swim]swam

[swæm]swum

[swʌm]游泳ring

[riŋ]rang

[ræŋ]rung

[rʌŋ]打电话（3）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词

drive

[draiv]drove

[drəuv]driven

[drivn]驾驶eat

[i:t]ate

[et,eit]eaten

['i:tən]吃fall

[fɔ:l]fell

[fel]fallen

['fɔ:lən]落下give

[ɡiv]gave

[ɡeiv]given

['ɡivən]给，给予forgive

[fə'ɡiv]forgave

[fə'ɡeiv]forgiven

[fə'ɡivn]原谅,饶恕overeat

[,əuvə'ri:t]overate

['əuvə'et]overeaten

[,əuvə'ri:tn](使)吃过量take

[teik]took

[tuk]taken

['teikən]拿ride

[raid]rode

[rəud]ridden

['ridən]骑，乘see

[si:]saw

[sɔ:]seen

[si:n]看见write

[rait]wrote

[rəut]written

['ritən]写forbid[fə'bid]forbade[fə'bæd]forbidden[fə'bidn]禁止rise[raiz]rose[rəuz]risen[rizn]上升，升起mistake

[mi'steik]mistook

[mi'stuk]mistaken

[mi'steikən]弄错;误解,shake[ʃeik]shook[ʃuk]shaken[ʃeikən]摇（4）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词

break

[breik]broke

[brəuk]broken

['brəukən]打破choose

[tʃu:z]chose

[tʃəuz]chosen

['tʃəuzən]选择get

[ɡet]got

[ɡɔt]got/gotten

['ɡɔtən]得到hide

[haid]hid

[hid]hidden

['hidn]隐藏forget

[fə'ɡet]forgot

[fə'ɡɔt]forgotten

[fə'ɡɔtn]忘记freeze

[fri:z]froze

[frəuz]frozen

['frəuzn]冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speak

[spi:k]spoke

[spəuk]spoken

['spəukən]说steal

[sti:l]stole

[

stəul]stolen

['stəulən]偷