2023年高考英语一轮复习第12讲阅读理解推理判断题（讲）（全国通用）（学生版）

第12讲阅读理解推理判断题（讲）

【考纲考情】

推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题，是阅读理

解中层次较高的题目，因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻

辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。

题型和考查角度：

1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。

2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。

【考点梳理】

推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观

点态度题等。

【解题方法】

1.逻辑分析推断隐含意义

设题方式：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

Thewriterindicates/implies/suggeststhat.

解题指导：

（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息

去分析判断；（2）整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效

信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌

凭空想象。

【例】（2021•全国乙卷B篇）GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfindit

convenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplaya

gameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilk

deliveries?

27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】B

［解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorning

milkdeliveries?”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，用煤气路灯和晨间牛奶递送服务退出我们生活的例子，侧

面说明了座机终有一天会被淘汰。故选B。

2.文体特点推断写作意图

设题方式：

Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?

Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto.

Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat・

Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow.

Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.

解题指导：

(1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲

理展开；

(2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言；

(3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句；

(4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。

【例】(2020•新高考I卷C篇)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmong

theGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,where

millionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoa

strangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphis

colorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashis

delicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段和第二段开头部分交代了ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsof

E〃mre血Ce〃〃•RAsm这本书的创作背景；第二段后半部分和第三段介绍了书的具体内容，包括主题、人物

和事件等；最后一段描述了作者的创作手法、写作技巧以及对书的评价。综合全文来看，本文的中心是围

绕着一本书展开的，目的就是为了介绍这本书。故选A。

3.忠于措辞推断观点态度

设题方式：

Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis.

Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat.

What*stheauthor'sopinionon...?

Whatdoweknowabout...inthepassage?

Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?

解题指导：

（1）注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物

的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国

家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。

（2）牢记观点态度的常见词语：①支持肯定：posilive（积极的）、supportive（支持的）、optimistic（乐观的）、

humorous（幽默的）、enthusiastic（热情的）、pleasant（愉快的）；②中立：neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、not

mentioned（未提及的）、uninterested（不感兴趣的）、indifferent（漠不关心的）；③否定反对：negative（否定的）、

suspicious/skeptical（怀疑的）、disgusted（憎恶的）、critical（批评的）、disappointed（失望的）、disapproving（不赞成

的）。

【例】（2021•全国甲卷・D篇）Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,of

Europeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorsset

thestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidethe

club—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据本段中的"It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors...theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.（据说历史是由胜利者书写的，胜利者制定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。

当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认并遭到拒绝可推知，

作者认为胜利者制定的加入天才俱乐部的标准不公平。故选Ao

4.语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者

设题方式：

Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin.

Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.

Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?

Thetextisintendedfor.

解题指导：

(1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；

(2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；

(3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；

(4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；

(5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；

(6)网络:文体不限,找到clickhere,download,up-load,link,mouse,surf等网络标志语。

【例】(2019♦全国卷HLD篇)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.

AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingof

numbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthe

monkeyscombined-oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.

Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedthe

experiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbol

wouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7would

flashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthe

screentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice；iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldbe

rewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.

35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Entertainment.B.Health.

C.Education.D.Science.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。全文围绕科学实验展开——研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴子能够进行

简单的加法运算，但有时计算的结果不够精确。由此可推知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选D。

正确选项特点：

1.是“弦外之音”，是立足原文推断出来的内容，而不是直接叙述的具体信息

2.没有绝对概念的字眼，如only,never,all,absolutely等。因为是根据原文推断出来的内容，略

有模糊成分，留有余地，常含有usually,may,some,might,can,possibly等词汇。

干扰项特点：

1.张冠李戴：使用原文出现的词汇或者句式，但非本题内容。

2.颠倒是非：选项内容涉及原文中提及的内容，但选项意思与之相反。

3.无中生有：符合常识，但不符合原文内容。

4.扩缩范围：原文中可能出现了像almost,all.nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文章内容

加以限制，干扰项改变了原文范围

5.曲解文意；根据文中某一句话或者利用里面的字词设计出选项，看似表达了文章的意思，实际上是借

题发挥，曲解文章原意。

【题型剖析】

阅读理解

A

FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,"Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.^^Althoughitisnot

impossibletotranslatepoetry,XuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyof

ancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.

HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,4UYouaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme

（押韵）andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteextraordinary.,,

Xuhasjustturned100yearsold.OnApril1,ChinaTranslationandPublishingHousepublishedaseriesof

commemorative移己念的）booksabouthislifeandcareertopaytributetothiscentenarian.

Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies（选集）andplaysinChinese,

EnglishandFrench,reachingpotentiallymillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslated

ChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinnerofthe"Aurora

BorealisPrize"forOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.

Xuisknowntobeveryfastidiousinhiswork.Hehasdedicatedhislifeto44[translating]beautifully^^.Forhim,

Englishisattscientific^^languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisanttartistic^^languagethatincludesa

widerrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityin

histranslation.

ThroughXu'stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandthe

worldatlarge.

Forinstance,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginacontroversialhealthcarereformduring

hispresidency,somesenators（参议员）wereopposedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnow

（《江雪》）translatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman'sindependent,non-conformist（不墨

守成规的）thinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama,notedNewsChina.

Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldremainsdiligent.Helivesaloneinanoldhousenear

PekingUniversity.Inhissimpleroom,decoratedwithChinesetraditionalfurniture,hemaintainsaroutine.Every

dayhetranslatesroughly1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingabout3hoursandgettingupat6amto

continue.

"Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter'ssoul.Asuddenflicker（闪现）of[a]goodwordor

[a]goodlinethrillseverypore（毛孔）andeveryinchofmyskin,^^XutoldNewsChina.

1.WhatdoesthearticletellusaboutXuYuanchong?

A.He'sthefirstwinnerofTheAuroraBorealisPrize.

B.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseliteraryworksintoEnglish.

C.Heiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverse.

D.Hehasmasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguages.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fastidious“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Particular.B.Satisfied.C.Inventive.D.Productive.

3.WhywasBarackObamamentionedinthearticle?

A.ToshowXu'spopularity.

B.ToillustrateXu'simpact.

C.Tointroducehisreform.

D.TostressXu'swisdom.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu?

A.Modestandinsightful.

B.Considerateandcautious.

C.Creativeandopen-minded.

D.Dedicatedandpassionate.

B

Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontothe

problem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodem

humans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewas

veryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworth

morethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.

Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwere

includedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.These

associationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalfs

fortunateproperties.

Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwith

healthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,

eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringing

misfortune.

ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLast

Supper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymany

Christians.

Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindthe

Devil.

5.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause.

A.itwasaChristianfaithB.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortune

C.itwoulddecreaseone'slifespanD.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative“probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Protector.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroducethehistoryofsalt.B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.

C.Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.

C

InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,

scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence(SETI)Institutehasbeenlisteningfora

signalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjustto

communicatewithremotecivilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile(脆弱的)

placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbe

sentintospacetorepresentthespecies.

FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sincesongs,like

thehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“Earthling

Project^-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextracts（精华）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehuman

chorus.Aninitialcompositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.

FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.

Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvian

panpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnocomposition

undertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.

Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeother

recordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,4tEveryone*sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposers

ofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower.^^Downloadthe"EarthlingProject"app,sing

uptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.

8.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?

A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.

B.Toscanforotherliveableplanets.

C.lbrespondtothecalloftheuniverse.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.

9.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject"?

A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.

B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.

C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.

D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"encompass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Workout.D.Relateto.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.

B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.

D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.

D

AyoungwomanwaswalkinginSantaAna,California,whenshecameuponanelderlystreetvendor（小贩）

sellingtamales（玉米粉蒸肉）.Seeinghowtiredhelookedinhiswheelchair,shedecidedtogivehimafewbucks

andasandwich—andshealsogavehimasympatheticeartolistentohisstory.

WhenKeniaBarraganfirstsawJoseVillaOchoa,shethoughtofherownparents.feltforshetold

KTTVNews,“Myparentsarebotholder,andIwouldhatetoseemydadoutsellingtamalesforsomebodyand

barelymakingends

Knownas“DonJoel”,heexplainedthatalthoughhewantedajob,nocompanywouldhirehimbecauseofhis

age.Inorder