2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解考点17说明文（A卷）作业

专题十二考点17说明文（A卷）

1.Whensomeonedamagestheirbackbone,theinjurycanleavethemparalyzed（瘫痪的）.Now,scientists

havegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain,thankstoanimplanteddevice.

Thehumanbackbone,orthespine,doesn'tjusthelpusstandupstraight.Insideisthespinalcord,which

carriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmoves

aroundasburstsofelectricitytravelsbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Whenthespinal

cordishurt,thispathwaygetsdamagedandthepatientscan'tmovetheirlegs.

NowscientistsinSwitzerlandhavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain.Towalkagain,

themenhadsurgery.Aspecialdevicewasplaceddirectlyonthelowerpartoftheirspinalcord,below

theirinjury.This"implant"containssixteenelectrodes,whicharesmallobjectsthatelectricitycanpass

through.Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodeswerelinedupwithnervesthatcontrolthelegmuscles.

Thescientistscontrolledtheimplantfromatabletcomputer.

Thepatients'brainsaren'tsending"walking1'messagestotheirlegs.Instead,thetablettellstheimplant

tosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstogeneratepatternsofmovement,like

takingastep.Thepatientthenusedthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthechosen

way.Overtime,themenwereabletowalkusingaspecialwalkerwithbuttonstocontroleachleg.

Thesolutionisn'tperfect.It'sveryexpensive,itrequiresdifficultsurgery,andthepatientscan*twalk

withoutthesystem.Butthescientistsarehopefulthatinthefuture,thissortoftechnologywillallowmany

paralyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.

1.What'sthemainfunctionofthespinalcord?

A.Itservesasamessagecarrier.B.Ithelpspeoplestandupstraight.

C.Ittakescontrolofthemuscles.D.Itproducessignalsformovements.

2.Whatistheimplanteddeviceexpectedtodo?

A.Activatethedamagednerves.B.Identifythepositionoftheinjury.

C.Testthedegreeofthedamage.D.Bridgethenervegapmadebytheinjury.

3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Howthesurgeryisperformed.B.Howthedeviceworksonpatients.

C.Howthepatientswalkwithoutaid.D.Howmovementpatternsaredesigned.

4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.DamagednervesrecoveraftersurgeryB.Tabletsareusedinamedicaltreatment

C.Theimplanthelpstheparalyzedwalkagain□.Scientistsmadeadiscoveryonthebackbone

2.Dozensofhoneybees,whichusuallyfeedonwildflowersafterleavingtheirhives（蜂房）inthe

campusgardens,weretrickedintothecottagetofeedfromanartificialflower.Onlyonebeewasallowed

inatatime,andtheirvisitstoartificialflowerswerevideoedandtimedunderdifferentfanspeeds,which

mimicked（模拟）calmandwindydays.

Buttheresearchersaretryingtohelpthem:itisacontrolledexperimentthatrevealshowhighwind

speedssignificantlyreducetheefficiencyoftheirfeeding.

Withnowind,thebeesonaveragetooknectar（花蜜）from5.45flowersduringtheir90-secondtimetrial.

Whenwindspeedswereincreased,thisfelltoanaverageof3.73flowers.

Researchersalsoexaminedtheindirectimpactofhigherwindsbymovingtheflowers.

Thefindingsrevealthat,whileflowermovementsdidnotappeartohaveaneffectonthebees,the

movementofairfromthefansmadethemmuchmorehesitanttotakeofffromaflower,withtimetaken

rangingfromaninitial0.05secondsto54seconds.

GeorgiaHennessy,leadauthoroftheresearch,saidthatonepossiblereasonforthewindcausing

hesitancywasthatsmallincreasesinwindspeedsreducedthebees1bodytemperature,sotheyrequired

longertimetowarmuptheflightmusclesrequiredtotakeoff.

"Withwindspeedspredictedtoincreaseintheyearsahead,understandinghowwecanhelpbeesina

changingclimateisbecomingevermorepressing.Althoughwecan'tdomuchtocontrolorstopthewind,

wecantakestepstoreduceitsimpactonbees,suchasplacinghivesinshelteredlocations/*saidHennessy.

TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUNwarnedthatthedeclineinglobalbeepopulationswas

a"threattoglobalfoodsecurityanddiversity1'.

DaveGoulson,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,said,MBeesalreadyfacemanypressures

inthemodemworld,suchaslossofhabitatsandexposuretopesticides（杀虫齐!1）,andagreatmanyarein

decline.Copingwithincreasinglywindyweatherunderclimatechangemaybethefinalstraw.*'

1.Whattaskdidtheresearcherssetforthebees?

A.Identifyingthenewroute.B.Survivinginextremeconditions.

C.Feedingunderdifferentwindspeeds.D.Distinguishingvariouskindsofflowers.

2.Whatprobablymakesabeehesitanttotakeofffromaflower?

A.Afullstomach.B.Lossofbalance.

C.Changedflowerpositions.D.Reducedbodytemperature.

3.Whatcanwedotoreducetheimpactofhighwindsonbees?

A.Stopthewind.B.Restoretheirhabitats.

C.Addressclimatechange.D.Prohibittheuseofpesticides.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Lossofbeescausesfailureoffoodcrops

B.Beesareonthedeclineasglobalwarmingworsens

C.Beesmaystruggleinwindscausedbyglobalwarming

D.Artificialflowersareusedforthreatenedbeepopulations

3.Historyneverstopsmoving.Itdevelopsanditisfluid（易变的）.Whathistorylooksliketodayis

differentfromwhatitlookedlikeahundredyearsago,andwhattoday'shistoryinthemakinglookslike

nowmaybeseendifferentlyjust20yearsfromnow.

Whencombingthepastandthepresentforalistsuchasthe100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld,there

arecriteriatoconsider,tobesure,buttherearenohardandfastrules.Therearejudgmentstobemade,but

therearenocertaintruths.Ourlistwaslessahardeneddocumentthanacurrentcollection——acollectionof

menandwomenwho,forbetterandsometimesforworse,havemadeaclearmarkonourcivilization.

Suchalistisbynecessitysubjectiveandopentodeliciousdebate.

Butwhilehistorymaybefluid,itdoestendtobeclarifiedovertime.ThesignificanceofAristotleor

CatherinetheGreatiseasytoseefromhere.Andcertainly,theimportanceofsomeofhistory'sgreat

characterssuchasMotherTeresaandPabloPicassowasapparenttotheircontemporaries.Otherswere

largelyinvisibleintheirowntime.Theircontributionswererealizedonlylongaftertheyweregone:Karl

Marxdiedin1883,manyyearsbeforehiswritingswouldinspirepowerfulcommunistsocieties;Alan

Turing,whodiedlonelyandpainful,isnowregardedasthebrilliantfatherofthecomputer.

Perhapsthemostinterestingpartofthisexerciseisthinkingaboutthefinalimpactofpresent-dayfigures.

SteveJobsmakesthelistbyvirtueofhisinfluenceonhightechandourdailylives.ButwhatofMark

Zuckerberg?Hisimpactishuge,andhehasmadeitpossibleforbillionsofpeopletocometogether.But

thesocialmediasitehasalsomadeiteasiertodrivesocietyapart,upsettingthenewsbusiness.

Willthemomentlast?Onlytimewilltell.Historywillmoveunavoidablyforward;ourquestionstoday

willhaveanswerstomorrow.Andlistslikethesewillchange-againandagainandagain.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthelistof"the100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld"?

A.Itneedstobeobjective.B.Itisbasedonstrictcriteria.

C.Itshouldbeacceptedbyall.D.Itkeepschangingwithhistory.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Somepeople'scontributionsmayberecognizedmuchlater.

B.Mostpeoplecouldn'tbeacknowledgedattheirowntime.

C.Historywillchangeandgiants'deedswillfadeaway.

D.Theimportantfiguresalwaysstandouteasily.

3.WhatcanbeMarkZuckerberg'simpactontheworld?

A.Positive.B.Mixed.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Toeducatereaders.B.Topersuadereaders.

C.Toinformreaders.D.Todescribesomething.

4.Whilepsychologistshavestudiedtopicslikehappiness,optimism,andotherhumanstrengthsfor

decades,positivepsychologywasn'tofficiallyidentifiedasabranchofpsychologyuntil1998whenMartin

SeligmanwaselectedpresidentoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA).Seligmansuggested

thatpsychologyhadbecometoofocusedonmentalillness.Whilethishadbroughtaboutvaluable

treatmentsthatenabledpsychologiststotreatanumberofdiseasesanddisordersthatmadepeople

unhappy,itmeantthatpsychologywasneglectingwhatwasgoodaboutlife—andwhattheaverageperson

couldimprove.

Seligmancalledforresearchintowhatmakesnormalpeople'slivespositiveandfulfilling,andsuggested

thatthefieldshoulddevelopinterventionsthatcouldmakepeoplehappier.Hestatedthatpsychology

shouldbejustasconcernedwithnurturingthegoodthingsinlifeasitiswithhealingthebad.

SeligmanmadepositivepsychologythethemeofhistermasAPApresidentandusedhisroleto

popularizetheword.Fromtherethefieldtookoff.Itreceivedagreatdealofattentionfrommainstream

mediaoutlets.Meanwhile,thefirstPositivePsychologySummitwasheldin1999,followedbytheFirst

InternationalConferenceonPositivePsychologyin2002.

Interestinpositivepsychologyhasremainedhigheversince.In2018,aboutaquarterofthe

undergraduatestudentsatYaleUniversityenrolledinacoursedevotedtothesubjectofhappiness.In2019,

morethan1,600delegatesattendedtheWorldCongressonPositivePsychologyandresearchinthefield

hasgeneratedtensofthousandsofacademicpapers.

PsychologistChristopherPetersonpointedoutthatpositivepsychologyismeanttoserveasanextension

oftheareasofpsychologythatfocusesonmentalillnessandhumanweaknesses.Positivepsychologists

don'twishtoreplaceorabandonthestudyofhumanproblems.Theysimplywishtoaddthestudyof

what'sgoodinlifetothefield.

1.WhatshouldpositivepsychologyfocusonaccordingtoSeligman?

A.Solvinghumanproblems.B.Treatingbademotions.

C.Healingmentalillness.D.Helpingdevelopgoodthings.

2.Whatmadepositivepsychologybecomepopular?

A.Seligman'seffortstospreadit.B.Internationalconferences*beingheld.

C.Attentionfromthemedia.D.Furtherresearchinthisfield.

3.WhatisChristopherPeterson'sattitudetowardpositivepsychology?

A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.CriticaL

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheLimitationofPositivePsychology

B.Seligman,FatherofPositivePsychology

C.Psychology:Past,PresentandPossibleFuture

D.PositivePsychology:aNewSubfieldofPsychology

5.Itcanbeincrediblydifficulttoencourageourselvestogoforarunduringwinter,particularlywhenit's

wetandwindyoutside.Butnewresearchhasfoundthatevenasuper-quickruncouldhavegreathealth

benefits.Infact,itseemsjusta10-minutesessionwillnotonlymakeusfeelbetter,butcouldactually

improvebrainhealth,too.Now,weallknowthatexercisecanimprovementalandphysicalhealthinmany

ways.

Butwhenitcomestomentalwellbeing,there'sbeenrelativelylittleresearchdoneonthespecific

benefitsofrunning,comparedwithotherphysicalactivities,suchascycling.Sothiswassomethingputto

thetestduringarecentstudy.ResearchersfromUniversityofTsukubainJapanaskedparticipantstorun

onatreadmill（跑步机）forjust10minutes.TheythenhadtotakeaStroopColorandWordTestwhichis

usedtomeasurereactiontimesinbrainprocessing.Resultsshowedtherewasahighestpointinself­

reportedpleasureandanincreaseindegreeofactivityofthebrain.

Inotherwords,runnerswerefoundtohaveanincreaseinbloodflowinthepartofthebrainthat's

associatedwithdealingwithfunctionsandcontrollingmood（'情绪）.Researchersthencomparedthese

resultstoasimilarstudyoncycling,whichalsoshowedimprovedcognition（认知），butnomood

improvement.Therefore,itseemsvarioustypesofexercisecanmakeusfeeldifferently.

Theauthorsnoted,MGivenexerciseismedicine,theeffectsofdrugsdifferdependingonthetypeofdrug,

differenttypesofexercisesuchasrunningandcyclingshouldbeobservedtohavedifferenteffectson

mentalhealthandbrainfunctionsaswell."

Sopushingourselvestogetoutsideforarunreallywillmakeusfeelbetter,potentiallymorethanother

fitnessactivities.Andthesefindingsshowthatwedon'tnecessarilyneedtodoalotofexercisetofeelthe

benefitofit.

1.Whatdidthenewresearchfind?

A.Runningfastbenefitsallofus.B.Runningisthebestexercise.

C.Ashorttimeruncanbebeneficial.D.Ahealthymindencouragesustorun.

2.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresult?

A.Byusingdifferentdrugs.B.Bytakingsomewordtests.

C.Bycollectingtheformerinformation.D.Bydoingexperimentsandcomparisons.

3.Whichisrelatedtoourhappiness?

A.Cycling.B.Medicine.C.Bloodflow.D.Colors.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Weshouldgoforaruninwinter.

B.Runningbenefitsusphysicallyandmentally.

C.Wedon'tneedalotofexercise.

D.Runningonatreadmillisbetterthanrunningoutside.

6.Decadesofresearchhasshownthattheabilitytoforgiveisalifeskillthathelpstheyoungbuild

resilience（恢复力）.Asenseofpurposehelpsthemrealizeschoolworkismoremeaningfulandmore

powerful.Beingthankfulchangestheverynatureoftheirlives,enablingthemtogathertheirmotivationto

learnandfindlifelongsuccess.Humble（谦卑的）kidslovelearning.Learningrequirescuriosity,and

curiosityrequiresthemtoexplorewhattheydon*tknow.

Allofthisresearchsuggestshowcharactercanoftenbeapowerfulcatalyst（催化齐（J）forlearning.When

childrencanfeelthankfulnessfortheirteachers,humility（谦卑）inthefaceofnewknowledge,purposein

connectingsmalltaskstobiggoals,andforgivenesswhenlosingattentionbecauseofbeinghurt,theycan

betteropenthemselvestothetiringprocessoflearningabouttheworld.Butaschildrenlearn,thiscanalso

helpthemtogoalongthewayforfurthercharacterdevelopment.

Inourprogramaboutlove,wespoketoAmyWarren,aresearcheratTuftUniversity'sInstitutefor

AppliedResearchandYouthDevelopment,whostudied''greatloveandsympathy",theabilityforpeople

towidentheircircleofcaretothewholehumanbeings.Afterin-depthinterviewswith100teenagers,she

discoveredthatthebottomlinethatinfluencedyoungpeople'sabilityforgreatloveandsympathywasnot

moralinstructionorareligiouseducation,butexposuretodifferentexperiencesandknowledge一

everythingfromplayingsportsandconversationswithpeoplefromdifferentcommunitiestoknowinga

secondlanguageandscientificknowledge.Inotherwords,learning.

SheendedherdiscoverieswithasentencefromthepoetOrtegaYGasset:"Somanythingsfailto

interestus,simplybecausetheydon'tfindinusenoughsurfacesonwhichtolive,andwhatwehavetodo

istoincreasethenumberofideasinourmind,sothatamuchlargernumberofthemescanfindaplacein

itatthesametime.*'So,ifseasytoseeparentssupportingtheirchild'scharactersandlearningasoneand

thesame.

1.Whatcanthefourcharactersgivetheyoung?

A.Feelingnotiredness.B.Avoidinghurt.

C.Findingsomethingbad.D.Gettingsomethingunknown.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase*'thebottomline"inParagraph3mean?

A.Thekeyfactor.B.Themainmistake.

C.Theuselessmethod.D.Thepossibletheory.

3.Whoisimportanttohelpkidsaccordingtothetext?

A.Poets.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.PourGreatCharactersInspireKidsToLearn

B.TheImportanceOfForgiveness

C.WhatShouldKidsLearnAfterSchool

D.TheMostImportantCharactersForKids

7.Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationfor20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,

thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodis

stored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.

Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthe

chancetosampleeachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayasthey

celebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili（辣椒）growninspace.Thecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethe

peppersalterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.

PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecause

pepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,the

pepperswereharvestedonFriday.

PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC,aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate,

sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn'thavetobecooked.Theyarealso

safetoeatraw.

Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyor

well-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstoliven

uptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.

Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing—aswellassmellingandcaringfor-leafygreenplants

onthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.

"Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychological

health,"saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment."Wearediscoveringthatgrowing

plantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts'well-being."

1.Whatdoesunderlined"kickingoffinthe2ndparagraphmean?

A.Launch.B.Complete.C.Quit.D.Announce.

2.WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiment?

A.Thetechnology.B.Growingprocess.

C.Thevarietiesofplants.D.Growingtimerequired.

3.Whyarepeppersaddedtothemenuforastronauts?

A.Theyaredelicious.B.Theyrestoretheirappetite.

C.Theyhelpkilldiseases.D.Theyimprovetheirmemory.

4.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheFunintheSpaceLifeB.TheCommonGoalintheSpaceMission

C.TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpaceD.AResearchFindingfromtheSpaceMission

8.InMelbourneliesan87-square-meter,three-story,two-bedroomandone-bathroomhouse.Thatmay

soundlikearealpropertyadvertisement,butitcouldbethehomeofthefuture.

Madefromorganicmaterialsandrunonsustainable（可持续的）energy,thebuilding,knownas"The

Greenhouse'1,iscompletelyzerowaste.ItwasdesignedbyzerowasteadvocateBakker,aspartofhis

FutureFoodSystemhousingexperiment."Thegreenhouseisinspiredbynature—ifsanecosystemwhere

nothingiswasted,"Bakkersays.

Organicwasteisfedintoabio-digesterwhereitferments（发酵）andturnedintogasforcookingor

fertilizerforproduce;rainwaterisharvestedandusedforirrigationandaspecificsystem,whereplants

growusingwastefromfish;andhotsteamfromtheshowerenablesawallofmushroomstoboost.The

houseisdesigned,saysBakker,withtheroofasthefoundation,loadedwith35tonsofsoil,which

providesfertile（肥沃的）groundforproduce—morethan200plantspeciesgrowontheroof,aswellas

insects,snails,fishandchickens.

Thesiteismorethanjustamodelhome;ifsbeenarealoneforJoBarrettandMattStone,whowere

chefsalthesmallin-houserestaurant."Tobeabletogrowandproducefoodonatinyfootprintinthecity

andturnitintoexcitingdishesiscompletelyunique,nsaysStone.

Throughtheproject,Bakkerwantedtodemonstratehecouldfeedafamilywithhisdesign."Ithink

we'veprovedthatit'sactuallymoreproductivethanevenIimagined,"hesays."We'veharvested35kilos

ofpotatoesfromasquaremeter."

Hehopestheexamplewillofferablueprinttofuturehomesandanalternativetocurrentfoodsystem,

whichistoblameforoverathirdoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.Creatingacircularsystem

couldalsogreatlyreducefoodwaste.

"We'retheonlyspeciesthatgenerateswaste.Innature,thereisnowaste;everythingbecomesafood

sourceforsomethingelse,"saysBakker."Ifwetransformtoacircularsystem,wehavesomuchpotential

tostopthedestructionofwildernessandforest."

1.Whatisthemainideaofthe3rdparagraph?

A.Thefunctionofthegreenhousebuilding.

B.Thewaythegreenhousebuildingworks.

C.Theadvantagesofthegreenhousebuilding.

D.Thereasonfordesigningthegreenhousebuilding.

2.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhousehome?

A.Itcanprovideagoodsupplyofproduce.

B.Waterisrecycledforuseinthehouse.

C.ItispossessedbythedesignerBakker.

D.Plantgrowingisfreeofsoilinthehouse.

3.Whyarethechefsmentionedinthe4thparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toinformpeopleofthelatestrestaurant.

C.Todemonstratethefuturemodernhome.D.Toillustratetheadvantageofthehouse.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Peoplehavetoexplorenaturemore.

B.Humanreliesheavilyontheenvironment.

C.Thegreenhouseisawaytoreducewaste.

D.Thegreenhousehelpsreducerelianceonnature.

答案以及解析

1.答案：］-4ADBC

解析：1.根据第二段中的"Insideisthe...ofthebody"可知，脊髓携带着大脑和下肢之间的重要信息，即

它充当着信息载体。故选A。

2.根据第二段中的"Whenthespinal...movetheirlegs"可知,一旦脊髓受损，传输信息的通道会被损坏，

病人就无法移动双腿;根据第三段中的"Theresearchersmade...thelegmuscles"可知,移植的电极会帮

助连接控制腿部肌肉的神经,据此可以推断,植入的设备应该能够连接受伤的神经。故选D»

3.根据第四段中的"thetablettells...thechosenway"可知,本段主要讲了植入物如何在病人身上起作用,

帮助病人重新行走。故选B。

4.本文介绍了一项医学进步，根据本文中心句即第一段中的"scientistshavegiven...animplanted

device"和文章大意可知,本文主要介绍了科学家通过植入物帮助瘫痪病人重新行走。故选C。

2.答案：1-4CDCC

解析：1.根据第一一段第二句"Onlyonebeewas...calmandwindydays"可知，该项研究的内容是在不同

的风扇转速下,模拟无风和有风的天气,且研究人员对蜜蜂造访人造花的过程进行录像和计时。故

选C。

2.根据第六段中的"onepossiblereason...requiredtolakeoff"可知，风导致蜜蜂犹豫不决的一个可能原

因是,风速的升高降低了蜜蜂的体温,因此它们需要更长的时间来热身起飞。据此可以推知,体温的

降低导致蜜蜂犹豫是否要起飞。故选D。

.根据尾段尾句"Copingwithincreasingly...maybethefinalstraw"可知，应对气候变化下日益多风的天

气可能是最后一根稻草。故选C。

4.通读全文可知，本文尾句"Copingwithincreasingly...thefinalstraw"是全文的主旨句，又结合文章内

容可知，本文主要介绍了气候变暖引起的日益多风的天气对蜜蜂采蜜的影响，及对蜜蜂的数量的影

响。故选C。

3.答案：1-4DABC

解析：1.根据第二段中的"Whencombingthe...arenohardandfastrules"可知，关于"100位改变世界的

人”虽然有一些标准，但没有硬性规定，故可推知它是随历史不断变化的。故选D。

2.根据第三段中的"Otherswerelargely...theyweregone"可知，有些人的贡献可能会在很久以后才得到

承认。故选A。

3.根据第四段中的"Butwhatof...upsettingthenewsbusiness"可知，MarkZuckerberg使数十亿人聚集在

一起成为可能,但这个社交网站也使社会分裂变得更容易,扰乱了新闻行业。由此可推知,Mark

Zuckerberg的影响既有积极的，又有消极的，故其影响是混合的。故选B。

4.分析全文内容可知,文章主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的，时间会告诉我们一切,历史会不可

避免地向前发展。所以纵观全文来看,文章的目的就是告知读者一种历史现象。故选C。

4.答案：1-4DACD

解析：1.根据第二段中的"Hestatedthat...withhealingthebad"可知，Seligman指出，心理学应该像关注

治愈生活中的坏事物一样关注培育生活中的美好事物,故Seligman认为积极心理学应该重点培养美

好的事物。故选D。

2.根据第三段中的"Seligmanmadepositive...mainstreammediaoutlets"可知,Seligman把积极心理学作

为他担任APA主席期间的主题,并利用自己的职务来普及这个词,从此积极心理学受到了主流媒体

的极大关注。由此可推断,Seligman在传播积极心理学方面所做的努力使得积极心理学颇受欢迎。

故选Ao

3.根据最后一段的内容可知,ChristopherPeterson指出，积极心理学是心理学领域的一个扩展，关注精

神疾病和人类的弱点。积极心理学家不想更换或放弃人类问题的研究,他们只是想把对生活中美好

事物的研究添加到这个领域。由此可推断,ChristopherPeterson客观地评价了积极心理学,所以他对

积极心理学的态度是客观的。故选C。

4.根据第一段中的"Whilepsychologistshave...AmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA）”可知，虽然心

理学家研究幸福、乐观和其他人类优势等主题已有几十年，但积极心理学直到1998年才被正式认定

为心理学的一个分支，当时MartinSeligman当选美国心理学会主席。再结合全文内容可知,本文主

要介绍心理学的新分支一积极心理学，并介绍了积极心理学的发展以及心理学家对积极心理学的态

度等。故D项"积极心理学：心理学的一个新分支”为最佳标题。故选D。

5.答案：1-4CDCB

解析：I.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句"Infact,itseemsjustaIO-minutesessionwillnotonlymake

usfeelbetter,butcouldactuallyimprovebrainhealth,too."可知,事实上，仅仅10分钟的锻炼时间似乎不

仅能让我们感觉更好，而且居然能改善大脑健康。由此可推知,新的研究发现，短时间的跑步可能是有

益的。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"ResearchersfromUniversityofTsukubainJapanaskedparticipants

torunonatreadmill（跑步机）forjust10minutes."以及第三段第二句中的"Researchersthencompared

theseresultstoasimilarstudyoncycling"可知，日本筑波大学的研究人员做了一项实验，要求参与者们

在跑步机上跑步10分钟,并与相同条件下的骑自行车（的参与者们）的结果进行比较，即研究者们通过

做实验和比较得出了研究结果。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句"Resultsshowedtherewasahighestpointinself­

reportedpleasureandanincreaseindegreeofactivityofthebrain.”和第三段第——句"Inotherwords,

runnerswerefoundtohaveanincreaseinbloodflowinthepartofthebrainthat'sassociatedwithdealing

withfunctionsandcontrollingmood（情绪）."可知,实验结果表明自我报告的快乐程度达到了最高点，大

脑的活跃程度也有所增加。换句话说，跑步者大脑中的与执行功能和控制情绪相关的部分的血流量

增加了。由此可推知,血流量与人们的快乐相关。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明跑步对人们的身心健康有好处。B

项符合文章主旨。故选B。

6.答案：1-4DABA

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Decadesofresearchhasshownthattheabilitytoforgiveisalife

skillthathelpstheyoungbuildresilience（恢复力）.Asenseofpurposehelpsthemrealizeschoolworkis

moremeaningfulandmorepowerful.Beingthankfulchangestheverynatureoftheirlives,enablingthem

togathertheirmotivationtolearnandfindlifelongsuccess.Humble（谦卑的）kidslovelearning.Learning

requirescuriosity,andcuriosityrequiresthemtoexplorewhattheydon'tknow.“可知,宽容、有目标、感

恩和谦虚都有助于孩子学习，学习需要有好奇心，好奇心让孩子们探索他们不知道的东西。即这四种

品质可以让孩子们获取他们不知道的内容。故选D。

2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的"thatinfluencedyoungpeople'sabilityforgreatloveand

sympathywasnotmoralinstructionorareligiouseducation,butexposuretodifferentexperiencesand

knowledge”可知,影响年轻人有博爱和同情的能