英语四级阅读理解习题1

UnitoneAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbal

ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmericathinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugene

Fergusonhaspointedout,*'Atechnologistthinksaboutobjects

Whataccountsfortheareatoutburstofmaiorinventionsinthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;

earlvAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thetheyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.

steamboatandtheweavingmachine?Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleand

Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthemanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.',

country'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatThisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeas

welcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumspaintingandwriting.robertfultononcewrote,"Themechanic

toinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,shouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,

"spatial*'thinkingaboutthingstechnological.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthem

Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangement

schoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandtransmitsanewidea.',

MiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinWhenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,the

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.premiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwith

AcuteforeianobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessandoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthat

inventivenesstothiseducationaladvantaae.Asamemberofaamericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimplies

Britishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,nWithamindmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlvbut

preparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboycompetitivestrivin。forfameandexcellence.

developsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman

Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe''premium"inventionn.1.发明,发明物2.捏造，虚构

system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsraninventorn.发明家，发明者

parallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offered［联想词］

inventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.inventoryn.1.详细目录2.存货清单

IntheUnitedStates,maltitudesofpremiumsfornewdevices

wereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinbreakthhroughn.1.突围，突破2.重大成就，惊人发现

majorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenew［联想词］

machinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceofbreakdownn.1.垮台，破裂2.衰竭，衰弱3.损坏，故障4.分类

technologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,the

premiumn.1.保险金2.额外费用3.奖品，赠品，额外津贴incentiven.刺激，鼓励

a.1.高级的，优质的2.售价高的

［联想词］maltituden.1.大量，许多2.大众，民众

subsidyn.津贴，补贴

ambiguousa.引起歧义的,模式棱两可的，含糊不清的

verbala.1.口头的2.用言辞的，用文字的［联想词］

［联想词］indefinitea.1.不明确的,含糊的2.无限期的

vocala.发声的，嗓音的exdplicita.1.明确的，明晰的;详述的2.直言的，毫不隐瞒的，露骨的

spatiala.空间的，与空间有关的manipulatevt.1.操纵，控制，影响2.操作，使用

literacyn.识字,有文化，读写能力levern.1.杠杆2.途径，工具，手段

literatea.1.有读写能力的2.有文化修养的vt.撬动，撬起

stimulusn.1.促进2.刺激wedgen.楔（子）vt.把...楔入，塞入

［联想词］［联想词］

provocationn.1.挑衅，挑拨2.刺激，激怒grooven.沟，槽

provocativea.1.挑衅的，煽动的2.刺激的hingen.较链

precedevt.在…之前，先于interactvi.相互作用，相互影响

precedentn.1.先例，范例，判例2.惯例

emulationn.1.竞赛，竞争2.仿效，仿真

patentn.专利,专利权

a.专利（权）的,受专利保护的imitationn.1.模仿2.仿制，仿制品3.鹰品

vt.得到…的专利权

strivevi.努力，奋斗，力求

originatevi.起源于，来自，产生

sculpturen.1.雕刻，雕塑2.雕刻作品,雕塑品

vt.创造，创始，开创

［联想词］

［联想词］

.切，把…切碎.雕刻，刻

commencev.开始carvevt.12

engravevt.1.在…上雕刻2.使铭记,使牢记

statuen.雕像，塑像UnitTwo

bustn.1.胸像,半身像2.胸部，胸围FightAgainYouthSmoking

marblen.1.大理石Threeyearsago,appalledbyhowmanychildrenwere

becomingaddictedtocigaretteseveryyear,theVicePresident

diploman.毕业文凭，毕业证书，资格证书andIcommittedthisadministrationtostoppingthesaleand

［联想词］marketingofcigarettestochildren.Today,thankstothese

diplomatn.1.外交官，外交家2.有交际手段的人，圆滑的人effortsandthepersistenceofstateattorneysgeneral,the

publichealthcommunity,andleadersinCongress,wehavethe

perpetuala.1.永久的，永恒的,长期的2.无休止的，没完没了的bestopportunityevertopasscomprehensiveanti-smoking

legislationthatwellsavemillionsofourchildrenfroma

premature,painful,andverypreventabledeath.

Thisweek,inahistoricandresounding19to1vote,akey

Senatecommitteegaveitsstampofapprovaltocomprehensive

legislationsponsoredbySenatorJohnMcCain,aRepublican,

andSenatorFritzHollings,aDemocrat,thatwouldcutyouth

smokingbyhalfoverthenextdecade.Thisbillrepresentsa

dramaticstepforward.11wouldraisethepriceofcigarettes,

givetheFDAfullauthoritytoregulatetobaccoproducts,ban

advertisingaimedatchildren,andprotecttobaccofarmers.

Westillhaveworktodointhislegislation.Aboveall,we

needtoputinplacetouqhpenaltiesthatwillcostthetobacco

industryifitcontinuestosellcigarettestovounqoeople.Just

thisweektheCentersforDiseaseControlreleasedadisturbing

reportthatmorethanathirdofteenagersintheUnitedStates

nowsmoke,eventhoughit'sillegal.

11istimetoholdtobaccocompaniesaccountable.

Reducidnqvouthsmokinqmustbeveervbodv'sbottomline.

Let'sremember--thisisnotaboutpoliticsormoney,orseeking

revengeagainstthetobaccoindustryforpastpractices.We're

nottryingtoputthetobaccocompaniesoutofbusiness;welegislationn.1.法律，法规2,立法的，法律的制定

wanttoputthemoutofthebusinessofsellingcigarattestokids.［联想词］

Thisweek'sprogressintheSenateshowswehavereallegitimatea.1.合情合理的2.合法的，法律认可的

momentuminbothpartiestodojustthat.judiciala.1.司法的，法庭的,审判的2.明断的,公正的

There'restillmalyissuestobeworkedoutandmanylongsuevi.1.控告，起诉2.要求，请求vt.控告，起诉

nightsahead.Butwehavewithinourgrasponeofthemostprosecutevt.1.对...提起公诉，告发，检举2.继续从事vi.起诉，告发

importantpublichealthvictoriesournationhaseverachieved.defendantn.被告

Finally,litmejustpauseamomenttoobservethe30thinvalida.1.无效的，作废的2.无可靠依据的n.病弱者，残疾者

anniversaryofthedeathofoneofAmerica'sgreatestheroes,Dr.testifyvi.1.作证，证明2.表明，说明vt.作证，证明

MartinLutherKing.Hisdream,deeplyrootedintheAmericantestimonyn.1.证词2.见证，证明

Dream,isadreamforallAmericans.Letushereathomealways

strivetoheedDr.Kina'swordsandliveUDtohisleaacv.prematurea.1.比预期时间早是2.不成熟的,仓促的

----------BillClinton

authorityn.1.权力,管辖权2.官方，当局3.当权者,行政管理机构4.权威，专

appallvt.使惊骇，使大吃一惊家

［联想词］authoritativea.1.权威性的,可信的2.专断的，命令式的

terrifyvt.使害怕，使惊吓authorizevt.授权，批准

outragevt.激起…的义愤，激怒［联想词］

n.1.义愤，愤慨2.暴行，骇人听闻的事件definitivea.1.最可靠的，权威性的2.决定性的

addictn.1.有瘾的人2.入迷的人accountablea.负起责任的

vt.使成瘾，使入迷

［联想词］revengen.报复，报仇

cocainen.可卡因

momentumn.1.动力，冲力，势力2.动量

toxica.有毒的，中毒引起的

［联想词］

persistenta.1.坚持不懈的,执意的2.持续的impetusn.1.推动，促进，刺激2.推动力

persistencen.1.坚持不懈，执意2.持续性，持续状态

［联想词］strivevi.努力，奋斗，力求

stubborna.1.顽固的，执拗的,倔强的2.难对付的，难于克服的

heedvt.留心，注意，听从UnitThree

BeautyIsMeaningless

legencyn.遗赠的财物，遗产Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorto

expresstheemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatit

deadlya.1.致死的，致命的2.不共戴天的，殊死的3.极度的,十足的ad.非常,mustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.11isdifficult

极度地］foranvofusinmomentsofintenseaestheticexperienceto

［联想词］resistthesuggestionthatwearecatchingaqlirrwseofaliqht

drastica.1.极端的，严厉的2.激烈的,迅猛的thatshinesdowntousfromadifferentrealmofexistence,

differentand,becausetheexperienceisintenselvmovinq,in

epidemicn.1.流行病2.流传，流行a.流行性的，流传极广的

someWQVhigher.And,thoughthegleamsblindanddazzle,yet

lurevt.吸引，引诱，诱惑

theydoconveyahintofbeautyandserenitygreaterthanwe

haveknownorimagined.Greatertoothanwecandescribe,for

language,whichwasinventedtoconveythemeaningsofthis

world,cannotreadilybefittedtotheusesofanother.

ThatallqreatarthasthisDowerofsuqqestinqaworld

beyondisundeniable.Insomemoods.Naturesharesit.There

isnoskyinJunesobluethatitdoesnotpointforwardtoabluer,

nosunsetsobeautifulthatitdoesnotwakenthevisionofa

greaterbeauty,awisionwhichpassesbeforeitisfullyglimpsed,

andinpassingleavesanindefinablelingingandregret.But,if

thisworldisnotmerelyabadjoke,lifeavulgarflareamidthe

coolradianceofthestars,andexistenceanemptylaugh

brayingacrossthemysteries,iftheseintimationsofa

somethingbehindandbeyondarenotevilhumourbornof

indigestion,orwhimsiessentbythedeviltomockandmadden

us,if,inaword,beautymeanssomething,yetwemustnot

seektointerpretthemeaning.Ifweqlinwsetheunutterable,it

isunwisetotrvtoutterit,norshouldweseektoinvestwith

significancethatwhichwecannotqrasD.Beautyintermsofour

humanmeaningsismeaningless.

intensea.1.强烈的，剧烈的,紧张的2.认真的,专注的3.热情的,热切的bizarea.怪诞的，奇形怪状的

intensifyv.（使）增强,（使）加剧weirda.1.古怪的，离奇的2.怪诞的，神秘可怕的

aesthetica.1.美学的，审美的2.悦目的,雅致的mockvt.1.嘲笑，嘲弄2.（为了取笑）模仿vi.嘲笑，嘲弄

a.1.模拟的，学习的2.假的，假装的

gleamvi.1.闪亮，闪烁2.闪现，流露n.1.闪光，闪亮2.闪现，流露

［联想词］

sparklevi.1.发光，闪耀，闪烁2.活跃，焕发n.1.发光，闪耀，闪烁2.活力，生气

glittervi.闪闪发光，闪耀n.闪光，灿烂的光辉2.耀眼，辉煌

dazzlevt,使眩目n.1.耀眼的光2.令人赞叹的东西

serenityn.1.平静，安详2.晴朗，明朗

denialn.1.否认2.拒绝

undeniablea.不可否认的

vulgara.1.粗野的，下流的2.庸俗的,粗俗的

［联想词］

boscenea.1.淫秽的，下流的2.可憎的,可恶的

flarevi.1.（火焰）闪耀2.突发，突然发怒n.闪光信号,照明弹

［联想词］

eruptvi.1.（火山等）喷发2.（战争等）爆发，突然发生

ignitevt.点燃，引发

radianta.1.容光焕发的，喜形于色的2.光芒四射的，光辉灿烂的3.辐射的

［联想词］

radiatev.1.发出（光或热），辐射2.流露，显示

radioactivea.放射性的，有辐射的

brayvi.1.（驴）叫2.以响而粗的声音说（或笑）

whimsyn.1.怪念头，离奇的想法2.稀奇古怪

［联想词］

Ifmiservlovesconwanv,sodosiortsfans.Dr.LeonMann

UnitFour

documentedthisseveralyearsagowhen,asaHarvard

WaitinginLine

professor,hestudiedthelongovernightqueuesforticketsto

TheBritishqueueupandtheAmericanswaitinline,except

ballgamesinhisnativeAustralia.

forNewYorkers,whowaitonline.Nooneseemstoknowthe

"Outsidethestadiumsomethingofacarnivalatmosphere

reasonforthislocalidiom.11is

prevails,MhewroteinTheAmericanJournalofSociology."The

somethingtoponderwhilewaitingin/online.

devoteessing,sipwarmdrinks,playcardsandhuddle

Anotherthingtoponder:11isestimatedthatAmericans

together."

spednduptofiveyearsoftheirlivesinthattedious,wearybut

Liketheteamstheyhadcometowatch,thefansinlinetook

unavoidableprocessknownaswaiting.Studiesshowthat

timeouts.Someworkedinshifts,withcertainmembersleaving

otherwiserationalpeopleactirrationallywhenforcedtostand

totakenapsoreatmeals,whileotherssavedtheirplacesinline.

inlineorwaitincrowds,evenbecomingviolent.

Somestakedclaimsinlinewithitemsofpersonalpropertysuch

Queuesarsaarimrealitvofcitvlife.Whilethereseemsto

assleepingbagsandfoldingchairs."Duringtheearlyhoursof

benoconsensusonthecity'sworstline,theonesmentioned

waiting,'1Dr.Mannnoted,nthequeuesoftenconsistedofone

mostoftenintalkshereandtherewerelunchtimelinesat

partpeopletotwopartsinanimateobjects."

banksandpostofficesand,amongyoungerpeople,movielines

NobodyhaseverseriouslystudiedHelenQuinn'sSaturday

andcollege-registrationlines.

morninglineforMetropolitanOperatickets,butperhaps

"Banklines,"saidMarkSloane,aninvestor."Nomatter

someoneshould--MissQuinnisnotanofficialattheMet.

whattimeofdayyoubank,thenumberoftellersisinadequate

For15yearsstandeesattheoperahavebeendoingjust

tothenumberofpatrons.Evenwhenthebankisopenyousee

that,thankstoMissQuin'sticketingsystem.Shemakes,

longlinesinfrontofthemoneymachinesoutside.*'

datesandnumbershertickets--oneforeachofthe175

"Supermarkets/'saidEdFrantz,agraphicartist,whoonce

standingroomspotsavailable--anddispensesthemtoearly

abandonedafullshoppingcartinthemiddleofalongcheckout

birds.Assuredofaplace,ticketholdersthenleaveandreturn

line.11wasnotapoliticalact."Thelinewasfilledwithcoupon

shortlybefore8A.M.tolineupfortherealtickets.

clippersandcheckwriters,"herecalled."AndsuddenlyIhadto

walkaway.Foodnolongermaltered."

idiomn.1.习语，成语2.风格，特色

Inanylinethefundamentalruleisfirstcome,firstserved,

orwhatdsocialscientistscall"distributivejustice.*'Excentionsponderv.思索，考虑，沉思

mavbemade,sav,infancvrestaurantswheretheheadwaiters［联想词］

havetheirfavorites,but,inaeneral,theruleprevails.contemplatevt.1.盘算，计议2.思量，周密考虑3.注视，凝视

wearya.1.疲劳的，疲倦的2.使疲劳的，令人厌倦的vi.厌倦的，不耐烦inanimatea.1.无生命的，非动物的2.无生气的,单调的

［联想词］

metropolitana.大城市的，大都会的

tiresomea.令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的

dispensevt.1.分配，分发2.配（药），发（药）3.实施，执行

grima.1.讨厌的，糟糕的2.严厉的3.严酷的,无情的

［联想词］

consensusn.［单］（意见等）一致,一致同意dispersevi.1.分散，散开2.消散，消失vt.1.使分散，赶散2.使消散，驱散

patronn.1.资助人，赞助人2.老主顾，顾客

resentvt.对…表示忿恨，怨恨

graphica.1.生动的，形象的2.绘画的，文字的,图表的

couponn.1.礼券，优惠券2.配券，票证

clipn.1.夹子，回形针，别针2.弹夹，弹仓3.剪，修剪4.剪报，电影片断

vt.（clipped;clipping）1.夹住，扣住2.剪，修剪3.削减，缩短

［联想词］

clampn.夹头，夹具，夹钳vt.（用夹具等）夹紧，固定

prevailvi.1.流行，盛行2.获胜，占优势3.说明，劝说，诱使

prevalenta.流秆的，普遍的

miseryn.1.痛苦，苦恼，苦难2.悲惨的境遇，贫苦

carnivaln.1.表演会2.庆祝，欢宴3.狂欢节

［联想词］

feastn.1.盛宴，筵席2.节日

sociologyn.社会学

sipv.（sipped,sippig）小口地喝，抿，呷n.小口喝

huddlevi.1.聚集在一起2.把身子蜷成一团vt.使聚集在一起

n.挤在一起的人，一堆杂乱的东西

UnitFivethefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketball

AggressivePatriotisminSportsmatch.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethe

silvermedals.

SomeDeoDlebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesIncidentsofthis