2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题ThestatusofwomenincolonialNorthAmericahasbeenwellstudiedanddescribedandcanbebrieflysummarized.Throughoutthecolonialperiodtherewasamarkedshortageofwomen,whichvariedwiththeregionsandwasalwaysgreatestinthefrontierareas.Thisfavorableratioenhancedwomen’sstatusandpositionandallowedthemtopursuedifferentcareers.ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,andbelievedthatlifeinanunderdevelopedcountrymadeitabsolutelynecessarythateachmemberofthecommunityperformaneconomicfunction.Thusworkforwomen,marriedorsingle,wasnotonlyapproved,itwasregardedasacivicduty.Puritantowncouncilsexpectedwidowsandunattachedwomentobeself-supportingandforalongtimeprovidedneedyspinsterswithparcelsofland.Therewasnosocialsanctionagainstmarriedwomenworking；onthecontrary,wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.Needychildren,girlsaswellasboys,wereindenturedorapprenticedandwereexpectedtoworkfortheirkeep.Thevastmajorityo£womenworkedwithintheirhomes,wheretheirlaborproducedmostarticlesneededforthefamily.Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.Inadditiontotheseoccupations,womenwerefoundinmanydifferentkindsofemployment.Theywerebutchers,silversmiths,gunsmiths,upholsterers.Theytanmills,plantations,tanyards,shipyards,andeverykindofshop,tavern,andboardinghouse.Theyweregatekeepers,jailkeepers,sextons,journalists,printers,apothecaries,midwives,nurses,andteachers.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePuritanwere（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthePuritansexpectfrommarriedwomen?4.Accordingtothepassage,whichproductsweremadeentirelybywomen?问题1选项A.Colonialmarriages.B.ThePuritanreligion.C.Colonialwomen’semployment.D.Educationinthecolonies.问题2选项A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wealthy问题3选项A.Theyshouldadoptneedychildren.B.Theyshouldassistintheirhusbands’tradeorbusiness.C.Theyshouldworkonlywithintheirownhomes.D.Theyshouldbeapprenticed.问题4选项A.Gunpowderandbullets.B.Cupsandplates.C.Clothandclothing.D.Paperandbooks2.单选题Doyouthinkthatallhumanbeingshaveaucomfortzone”regulatingthedistancetheystandfromsomeonewhentheytalk?Thisdistancevariesininterestingwaysamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Greeks,othersoftheEasternMediterranean,andmanyofthosefromSouthAmericanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversation.NorthAmericansfindthisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.Studieshavefoundthattheytendtofeelmostcomfortableatabout21inchesapart.InmuchofAsiaandAfrica,thereisevenmorespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreaterspacesubtlylendsanairofdignityandrespect.Thismannerofspaceisnearlyalwaysunconscious,butitisinterestingtoobserve.Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesittogether,theextenttowhichtheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,andhowtheymoveastheyargueormakeanemphaticpoint.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletrytokeeptheirbodiesaparteveninacrowdedelevator；inParistheytakeitasitcomes!AlthoughNorthAmericanshavearelativelywide“comfortzone”fortalking,theycommunicateagreatdealwiththeirhands—notonlywithgesturebutalsowithtouch.Theyputasympathetichandonaperson’sshouldertodemonstratewarmthoffeelingoranarmaroundhiminsympathy；theynudgeamanintheribstoemphasizeafunnystory；theyputanarminreassuranceorstrokeachild’sheadinaffection；theyreadilytakesomeone’sarmtohelphimcrossastreetordirecthimalonganunfamiliarroute.Tomanypeople—especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries—suchbodilycontactisunwelcome,especiallyifinadvertentlydonewiththelefthand.ThelefthandcarriesnospecialsignificanceintheU.S.ManyAmericansaresimplyleft-handedandusethathandmore.Doyouthinkthatallhumanbeingshaveaucomfortzone”regulatingthedistancetheystandfromsomeonewhentheytalk?Thisdistancevariesininterestingwaysamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Greeks,othersoftheEasternMediterranean,andmanyofthosefromSouthAmericanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversation.NorthAmericansfindthisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.Studieshavefoundthattheytendtofeelmostcomfortableatabout21inchesapart.InmuchofAsiaandAfrica,thereisevenmorespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreaterspacesubtlylendsanairofdignityandrespect.Thismannerofspaceisnearlyalwaysunconscious,butitisinterestingtoobserve.Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesittogether,theextenttowhichtheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,andhowtheymoveastheyargueormakeanemphaticpoint.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletrytokeeptheirbodiesaparteveninacrowdedelevator；inParistheytakeitasitcomes!AlthoughNorthAmericanshavearelativelywide“comfortzone”fortalking,theycommunicateagreatdealwiththeirhands—notonlywithgesturebutalsowithtouch.Theyputasympathetichandonaperson’sshouldertodemonstratewarmthoffeelingoranarmaroundhiminsympathy；theynudgeamanintheribstoemphasizeafunnystory；theyputanarminreassuranceorstrokeachild’sheadinaffection；theyreadilytakesomeone’sarmtohelphimcrossastreetordirecthimalonganunfamiliarroute.Tomanypeople—especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries—suchbodilycontactisunwelcome,especiallyifinadvertentlydonewiththelefthand.ThelefthandcarriesnospecialsignificanceintheU.S.ManyAmericansaresimplyleft-handedandusethathandmore.1.Intermsofbodilydistance,NorthAmericans（）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinacrowdedelevator,aFrenchmen（）.3.AnAmericanputshishandonanotherman’sshoulder（）.4.Thepassagemainlyconcerns（）.问题1选项A.aresimilartoSouthAmericansB.standfarthestapartC.feelillateasewhentoocloseD.movenearerduringconversations问题2选项A.wouldbehaveinthesamewayasanAmericanwouldB.wouldmakenoparticularefforttodistancehimselfC.wouldbeafraidofbodilycontactD.woulddohisbesttoleave问题3选项A.toshowapathyB.toshowpassionC.toshowfriendlinessD.todisguisehisfeeling问题4选项A.distanceandcontactB.bodylanguageC.culturaldifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWestD.handsignals3.单选题Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.（1）,medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir（2）abouttheeffectofsmoking（3）thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust（4）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay（5）morethanthesmokersthemselves.A（6）numberofourstudentshave（7）inaneffortto（8）theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare（9）rightintheiraim.（10）,Iwouldhopethatitis（11）toachievethisby（12）thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern（13）othersratherthanbyregulation.Iamthereforeaskingyouto（14）“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being（15）,whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.问题1选项A.StillB.MoreC.AgainD.Further问题2选项A.concernB.troubleC.interestD.displeasure问题3选项A.onB.inC.withD.to问题4选项A.involuntarilyB.instinctivelyC.spontaneouslyD.reluctantly问题5选项A.endureB.sufferC.undergoD.putupwith问题6选项A.fewB.considerableC.manyD.quantitative问题7选项A.linkedB.connectedC.associatedD.joined问题8选项A.makeB.persuadeC.causeD.commit问题9选项A.entirelyB.totallyC.justD.wholly问题10选项A.ButthenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Moreover问题11选项A.likelyB.probablyC.capableD.possible问题12选项A.pleadingB.beggingC.insistingD.callingon问题13选项A.withB.forC.toD.in问题14选项A.inscribeB.decorateC.maintainD.claim问题15选项A.onheadB.inheartC.inmindD.inyourbrain4.单选题ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting5.单选题ThedeathofhisfathergavehimaWholenew（）onlife：nowhespendsmoretimewithhisfamily.问题1选项A.perspectiveB.euphemismC.conformationD.providence6.单选题IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.HetraveledfromMontanatoTexas,asacowpuncherandprospector.Remingtonhadalwaysbeeninterestedinjournalism.Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.Thesubjectof“WinningoftheWest”sofascinatedtheEastthatmagazinesandnewspaperswerecrammedwithaccountsoftheprospector’sadventures,andofbattleswithrustlersandotherout-laws—allthetalesthatwerethennewsandhavesincebecomelegendsinAmericanhistory.TherearealsostoriescontributedbyBretHarte,RichardHardingDavis,JoaquinMiller,andmanymore.OftenthesewereillustratedbysketchesandpaintingsfromRemington’shand,butitwasasasculptorthatRemingtonwasthegreatestartist.1.Thewriter’spurposeinthepassageisto（）.2.Bierstadt’srelationshiptotheRockyMountaincanbecomparedtothatRemington’sto（）3.Duringhisyouth,Remingtonreadthewritingsof（）.4.Remingtonbasedhisartonthe（）问题1选项A.compareRemingtonwithCatlinandBierstadtB.showhowthenewsstoriesofoneagebecomethelegendsofthenextC.describethemajorworksofRemingtonD.outlineRemington’scareer问题2选项A.NewYorkB.YaleUniversityC.thestoriesofBretHarteD.thecowboysoftheWest问题3选项A.HartB.CatlinC.BierstadtD.Miller问题4选项A.storieshereadinnewspapersB.thingshehadseenandexperiencedC.paintingshecopiedfromCatlinandBierstadtD.principleshehadlearnedatYale7.单选题

Lookatthismess!IfonlyI（

）youradvice.问题1选项A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed8.单选题

HeimpliedthatthePresidenthadliedand（）obstructedjustice.问题1选项A.nonethelessB.howeverC.therebyD.likewise9.单选题Eventoday,whenairandroadtravelhasmadeAfricasoreadilyaccessibletoEuropeansandAmericans,thereareinnumerableaspectsofAfricanlifewhichtendtotakeonebysurprise.Theunfamiliarlieshiddeneverywhere,andthepresenceofWesterncultureseemsmerelytoemphasizethisunfamiliarity.Basically,theessenceofourreac¬tiontothestrange,theunfamiliar,isasenseoffear.Everycountrycontainslandscapesthatarouseunease—whetheritbesomeremoteAlpinevalley,thewildlavenderfieldsofUpperProvince,oralonelyNorwegianfjordattwilight.ButinmyownexperienceWestAfricacontainsmoreweirdandeerieregions—rain-forest,mangroveswamp,parchedplainsofredearth—thananyotherplacethatIhaveseen.Itisnotonlyintheforeignerthattheselandscapesevokefear.AlargepartofalloldAfricanreligionsisdevotedtosoothingtheunknownandtheunseen—evilspiritswhichliveinaparticulartreeoraparticularrock,athousandvarietiesofghostsandwitches,theever-presentspiritsofdeadancestorsorrelatives.IhavemyselfbeenkeptawakeatnightinCalabarbyafriendfromLagoswhowascon¬vincedthatthewitchesoftheeastwereouttogethim,orthathewasabouttobekidnappedandeaten.DuringfourandahalfhoursinacanoealongthecreeksoftheNigerdella,glidingoverthestillandcolorlesswaterbeneathanequallystillandcolorlessbutburningsky,I,too,haveexperiencedasenseoffear,oratleastasenseofawe.Ex¬ceptforthetickingofthelittleoutboardenginethesilencewascomplete.Oneitherhandstretchedthesilver-whiteswampsofmangrove,seeming,withtheirawkwardexposedroots,tobestandingknee-deepinthewater.Wherethecreeknarrowedyoucouldpeerdeepintothesethicketsofmangroves—vistassecret,interminableandsomehowmeaningless.Therewasnosignoflifeexceptfortheshrillscreechofsomeunseenbird.IwasonmywaytotheancientslavingportofBonny,whichwereachedinlateafternoon.Scramblingupsomederelictstonesteps(slitherywithslimeandwhichhadmanagedtodetachthemselvesfromthelanding-stagesothatyouhadtojumpatwo-footgaptoreachwetland),1foundmyselfinanareaofblackmudandtumbledblocksofstone.1.TherearefeaturesofWesternculturewhicharepresentinWestAfrica（）.2.AlotoftheoldAfricanreligionhastodowith（）3.Theauthorwaskeptawakeby（）.4.“Mangrove”means（）问题1选项A.ThisfactmakesiteasiertoaccepttheunfamiliarityofWestAfrica,B.ThisfactmakesWestAfricaseemevenstranger.C.ThisfactmakesnodifferencetoourreactiontoWestAfrica.D.Thisfacthasbeengreatlyoveremphasized.问题2选项A.kidnappingpeopleB.keepingthespiritsawakeC.humansacrificeD.keepingthespiritshappy问题3选项A.aghostB.hisfriendC.thewitchesD.eeriefeelings问题4选项A.asortofbirdB.asortofmanC.asortoftreeD.asortofanimal10.单选题Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure（

）.问题1选项A.thanmoreonefficiencyB.andmoreefficiencyC.andmoreonefficiencyD.thanefficiency第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，殖民时期因为女性人数很少，所以对她们的社会地位和就业产生了有利影响，女性可以有自己的职业选择。所以文章主要是讨论女性的就业。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,”，他们认为懒惰是一种罪恶，可是清教徒是勤劳的。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.”丈夫期待妻子可以在他们的领域内帮助他们，并且可以从事额外的行业。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.”可知，布料和服装都是女性亲手做的。选项C符合题意。2.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.信息推断题。文章第二段中提到当美国人会觉得太尴尬如果彼此之间距离太近，“findthisawkward”，选项feelillatease意为感到不自在，最符合题意。2.信息推断题。文中第三段最后一句提到，美国人在拥挤的电梯也会保持距离，但是在巴黎，人们不会刻意地这样做。选项B符合题意。3.信息推断题。文章最后一段提到“putasympathetichandonaperson’sshoulder”，将手搭在别人肩膀上以表示安慰，让别人感受温暖之情。Friendliness最符合语境。选项C符合题意。4.主旨思想题。对整体文意的理解。本文主要提到了不同文化地域中，人们对于距离感的认知区别。选项C符合题意。3.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:C【解析】（1）逻辑关系。前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康，所以前后两句都是表示吸烟会带来不好的影响，为递进关系。选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。concern“关心”；trouble“麻烦”；interest“兴趣，爱好”；displeasure“不愉快”。句意：医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。concernabout“关心，顾虑”。选项A符合题意。（3）固定搭配。effecton“对......的影响”，文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文语境。involuntarily“无心地，不自觉地”；instinctively“本能地”；spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉强地”句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。选项D符合题意，（5）近义词词义辨析。endure特指忍耐的时间较长，强调时间；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指经历某些过程。句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气，遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。选项B符合题意。（6）形容词词义辨析。few“几乎没有，少的”；considerable“相当大的”；many“大量的”，quantitative“定量的”。句意：大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”，选项B符合题意。（7）动词词义辨析。link“；连接，联系”；connect“连接”；associate“联系，关联”；join“加入”。句意：很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。选项D符合题意。（8）上下文语境。根据文章意思，是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟，persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”，选项B符合题意。（9）副词词义辨析。entirely“程度上整个地，彻底地”；totally“整个地”；just“仅仅，只”；wholly“全部，统统”。句意：他们在目的上完全是正确的，强调程度。选项A符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的，空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。所以前后是转折关系。选项B符合题意。（11）近义词辨析。本空填形容词“可能的”，所以排除B选项。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”，排除likely,capable“能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，选项D符合题意。（12）动词词义解析。plead“恳求”；beg“请示”，语气更加强烈。insist“坚持”，在文章中是号召大家禁烟，所以用“callon”短语，选项D符合题意。（13）短语搭配。文章意思为表示对他人的关心，选项B符合题意。（14）动词词义辨析。inscribe“雕刻”；decorate“装饰”；maintain“保持”；claim“声称”。句意：我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。选项C符合题意。