语法填空自由填空专业知识讲座

语法填空介词，连词，代词，冠词(a,an,the)，从句引导词:名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句；并列连词：and,but,so,while,when，for，because；情态动词，助动词等。谓语动词时态、语态；非谓语动词；名词单复数；形容词，副词：形容词或副词的比较级或最高级等。实词间词性转化（构词法）：名词—动词—形容词—副词。自由填空有提示词全国卷考察统计年份

1卷2卷3卷2017asawhichfromtheitawhoin2016towhenitstheonasaandas/whenwhowith常考点：1、3-4个自由填空。每空限填一词。填虚词。2、冠词、介词、并列连词、从属连词。自由填空冠词：a,an,the介词：in,on,at,with,as(作为),before,after,by,from,through,to,for等代词：one,another,other,both,none等

I,we,you等人称代词连词：主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir反身代词myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves人称代词并列连词：并列关系：and,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,both…and…,not…but…转折关系：but,yet

因果关系：so,for选择关系：or,either…or…对比关系：while从属连词:要确定是哪种从句，高考语法填空常考的有状语从句和定语从句，其次是名词性从句。

从属连词(1)that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引导定语从句)(2)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why

(引导名词性从句)(3)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as

(引导状语从句)1.分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。2.再根据全文大意和句子意思，确定具体填词，或根据句子间的逻辑关系确定填哪个关联词。具体技巧如下：◆自由填空题解题技巧3.Heowned____farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.4.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven____mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.总结：________________________

athe冠词+（形容词）+名词（代词）冠词技巧1．空格后有名词，序数词，最高级，考虑填_

_。固定搭配：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,

inEnglish/Chinese,bybus/car/air,

toone’ssurprise,begood/badat,beworriedabout…介词技巧2总结:空格后有名词(代/动-ing/从句)，且不作主语，也不是动词的宾语，考虑填_____1.Noonehelpedme.Ididitall_______myself.2.BobandMaryaregoingtoseeamovie_______ChristmasDay.3.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied_______hisworkunfinished.byonwith介词多考搭配，平时要多积累。名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，它的前面很可能填介词。代词的考查分有提示词（一般为人称代词）及无提示词：it,something,nothing,both,all,other,anothereither,neither,none等技巧3.句子缺主语或宾语，考虑填______代词

1.IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and________getstherealmostinasecond.2.Ifyougiveyourchildrentheimpressionthattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard__________asunfitorunablepersons.3.Heisalsoanauthor,and_________newbookwillcomeoutnextmonth.itthemselveshis句子缺主语、宾语或定语，可考虑填代词1.Heisashyman,_____heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.2.Heaskedtheoldman__________hehadmoneytopaythefare.butwhether/if技巧4.如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。3.Heknewwhathewanted.__________,hedidn’tknowhowtogetit.4.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,________hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.Howeverbut两个完整的句子之间，可考虑填and,or,but,however等连词1.Onlyinthisway____wesolvetheproblem.2….thedriverstoodupandasked,“____anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”candid考的很少，可以不做要求技巧5：填情态动词主要从语境考虑，助动词主要用在否定、疑问、强调、倒装句中。11.Thisisthepark___________theyvisitedlastyear.12.Istillremembermanyofthegamesweplayed_________Iwasaboutten.13.Iwouldhearthemtalkabout_________happenedduringtheirday.that/whichwhenwhat从句的引导词要根据从句所缺的句子成分以及句子意思进行判断技巧1．空格后有名词，序数词，最高级，考虑填_______。总结:技巧3

句子缺主语或宾语，考虑填______技巧2.空格后有名词(代/动-ing/从句)，且不作主语，也不是动词的宾语，考虑填_____技巧4.如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。技巧5：填情态动词主要从语境考虑，助动词主要用在否定、疑问、强调、倒装句中。自由填空快捷指导

1.若横线后面接句子，则考虑并列句和复合句：若横线前后句子成分完整，意思完整，考虑并列连词，若差成分、意思不完整，考虑关系词。

2.横线后面是单词、名词短语，则考虑冠词、介词、代词。

3、人称代词填不同的格。

4、介词+冠词+名词冠词+形容词+名词

5、时间、地点前面多为介词

6、特殊句式考点:

so/suchthatit作形式主语/宾语

强调句itis...thatnotonly...butalso

asisreported/known定语从句的关系词

1、关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。

②指代先行词。③在定语从句中担当成分。

2、判断：“命中注定”名词后面多为定语从句。

3、看名词是人还是物，看横线后面句子是否缺成分，看是限制性还是非限制性。

先行词是人，who做主语，whom做宾语，whose做定语，

先行词是物，that/which做主宾whose做定语

先行词是时间和地点，做主语用that/which,做状语用when/where

先行词是原因，做主语用that/which,做状语用why

注意：介词后面用which/whom/whose

逗号后面的that必须改成which，逗号后面的which一定要在从句做主语或者宾语

分不清先行词是人还是物，就用that

定从检测

1.(2016北京）Ilivenextdoortoacouple____childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which

2.(2016天津）We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

3.(2016浙江）Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof____hasbeenproved.

A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that

4.(2016江苏)Manyyoungpeople,most____werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.

A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose

定从检测

5.(2017北京卷31)Thelittleproblems_______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

A.thatB.asC.whereDwhen

6.(2017江苏卷28)In1