演示文稿第三新视野读写第单元讲解

（优选）第三版新视野读写第单元当前第1页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?当前第2页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Dr.BarrySchwartz当前第3页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.当前第4页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点6UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?当前第5页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可预见的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?当前第6页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJulu当前第7页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestions当前第8页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)当前第9页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争的，对抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争对手v.

tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse与…相匹敌；比得上

当前第10页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝国的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝国军队imperialpolicies帝国政策imperialpower皇权当前第11页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点motivatev.

1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激励；激发;

驱使;推动…甘愿苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成为…的动机；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.当前第12页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Translation这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.当前第13页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief坚定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；坚信；坚定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪；定罪；证明有罪convictionforsth当前第14页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.当前第15页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点validate

v.(formal)1.

toprovethatsthistrue证实；确认；确证2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批准；确认…有效；认可Collocations:tovalidateatheory证实理论tovalidateacontract使合同生效当前第16页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占领2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占领（或征服）的地区3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（爱情方面）被俘虏的人

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（对困难、危险等的）控制当前第17页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Collocations:theconquestofdisease战胜疾病theconquestofnature对自然的征服theconquestofspace对宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.当前第18页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)当前第19页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)当前第20页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有启迪的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

togivesb.informationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter启发；开导；阐明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)领悟〔明白〕(某事)当前第21页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗?Translation当前第22页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行为的；行为研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblems当前第23页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage获益；得到好处；对…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永远不会成为一名职业音乐家,然而我敢肯定她从音乐课中学到很多东西。当前第24页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点n.

themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利润；收益；赢利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

当前第25页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.当前第26页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)当前第27页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保护；维护；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway贮存；保鲜

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition维持…的原状；保存；保养4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使继续存活；保护；保全当前第28页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点fluctuatev.（大小、数量、质量等）波动；（在…之间）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.当前第29页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou坚决地表示；申辩

～+that-clause2.

tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公开）反对；抗议

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.当地农民抗议在他们农田上新修飞机场。当前第30页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓紧；紧握；紧抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘住；附着

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.当前第31页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.当前第32页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.Tips当前第33页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.Tips当前第34页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.Tips当前第35页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.当前第36页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢复（某种情况或感受）2.

torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修复；整修；使复原

3.

tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或实施）；恢复

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

归还（失物、赃款等）restoreto…恢复到…

当前第37页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife苏醒过来restorecalm恢复平静restoresb'seyesight恢复某人的视力

restorebuilding修复建筑物当前第38页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点implementv.

tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；贯彻；执行；实施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）简单的户外用具agriculturalimplements当前第39页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（权）；把（工作、权力等）委托（给下级）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth选派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的权力交给副手。当前第40页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丢弃；抛弃I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些杂志扔了。当前第41页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表的2.

awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的运动outwardinvestment对外投资outwardcalm外表的平静当前第42页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点prejudicen.[U,

C]

anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏见,成见,歧视

~(againstsb/sth)v.

toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使怀有（或形成）偏见

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.当前第43页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.当前第44页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloser当前第45页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.当前第46页\共有51页\编于星期二\11点Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutc