空间一名词人事地物名称

一.名 SchoolbeginsinSeptember.不可数抽象指上学Therearethreeschoolsinthistown.可数 Gotoschool.不可数抽象指上学Gototheschool.可数有的名词在不同语义下有可数和不可数双重特性.如： 可数名词/不可数名词aroom房间room空间anagreement协议Agreement同意achicken鸡chicken 小羊lamb羔羊肉 anexperience经历 experience经验普通名 Whalesaremls.=Awhaleisaml.=Thewhaleisaml.Imetaboy.Theboyhadaballinhis family家庭,家人,audience,class班级,同学,club,会员公司,职员,crew机组,机组人员,crowed,ernment,public,staff,teamHisfamilyisabigone.家 Hisfamilyarealltall.家人成Ourteamhaswonthechampionship.我队Theteamwereallexcited.队员 ,cattle,people,poultry['pəultri]n.家禽Cattle牛群cow母牛公牛ox阉公牛One,twoThehavecaughtManypeoplewereangryatthe 只有单数baggage行李类,clothing服装类,furniture家具类 类,merchandise商品类,poetry诗类,scenery风景类注 1.水果总称：不加冠词的单数形 Doyoueatmuch水果种类：一种afruit两种以上fruitsAkindoffruit,twokindsof Thepotatoisnotafruitbutavegetable.一种水果 Hiswasthefruitsofhard 1.表数量 一条鱼afish两条鱼fish Icaughtthreefishyesterday.种 一种afish两种以 Therearealotoffisheslivinginthesea.很鱼肉 1.人们people Tenpeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.意外be2.国民,民族apeopletwopeoples,„Thearesaidtobeanindustrious[in'dʌstriəs]people. 勤勉industrialadj.工业的industriousadj.勤勉的Hair 1.全部头发/毛发/汗毛 Shehasthick2.一根根 Hepulledoutwhitehairs.两根白发 beauty,honestyIlikeThisisimportant表程度可加much,anysomealittlelittleIhavelittlehopeofIhavealotoftodo.作业类,总限定可加Necessityisthemotherofinvention.（抽象的）需要为发明之Youshouldknowthedifficultyoflearninghowtodriveacar.学开车的>限定的困数抽象名词时用apieceof一则/anitemofHegavemeawonderfulpieceadvice.注意wonderful的位置 Apieceofwonderfuladvice.twopiecesofadviceShesentusanitemofThecomputerisamarvelous['mɑ:viləs]Iwilllyoumyviewsofthe HeisamanofabilityHeisanable adjTheinformationisofnovaluetome.value['vælju:]n.价值 Theinformationisvaluelesstome.valueless['væljulis]adj.无价值的Marypassedtheexamwithease.Marypassedtheexam其他用 ofimportance＝important withcare＝carefully on＝intentionallyadv. intentn.意图intentionaladj.故意的intentionallyadv.故意地，有意地byaccident＝accidentallyadv.物质名 没有固定形状或范围的物质如light,water,一般情况不加冠词的单数形Thisstatueismadeofstone.石头材料 Thecrowedthrewstonesatthe.石块 pebble小卵石stone适中石rock大岩石boulder巨somealotofIdon’tneedmuchmoneytobuythanWehavelittlerainhere.这里几乎不下雨ThisbeefisfromAustralia.特定的牛肉Let’sgototheliquorstore.特定的某家酒吧 Apieceofchalk一支粉笔Asheetofpaper Asliceofbread一片面包Aloafofbread一条面包Twoloavesofbread容 Abottleof Aglassofwater玻璃杯Acupoftea有把儿单位Apoundofbutter一磅奶油Aliterofmilk一公升升=公升AspoonfulofsugarAschoolofwhalesAherdofcattle一群牛(大动物)Aflockofbirds一群鸟(小动物)Birdsofafeatherflocktogetherfeather['feðə]羽毛专有名词：特定人或事物的名称如：Mary,YouthParkJapan等 Dr.JonesphotographedmanywildanimalsinHenrywalkeddownBridgeStreettosave 如TheUnitedNations theAmazon,thePacificOcean,theYangtze 长 theTitanic,theMRT的捷 theWhiteHouse,theBritishMuseum,thePeople's 报纸,theNewYork 《》,thePeople's 《AMr.Brownhascometoseeyou.一个叫brownHeistheEdisonof.MywifewasaSmith.Smith的HehastwoPicassos.他有两幅的画中国atheAmericaantheRussiaatheFranceaFrentheGermanyatheJapanatheEnglishantheCanadaathe antheSwitzerlandathewater水 真理

草 家庭作业 机器 诚实例：Sheisingoodhealth.Helikestoeat Honestyisthebest Theystopworkathalfpast Heismakingprogressevery 二.名词的复数形①一般在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/sz/,在以/s/,/z /结尾时读/iz/..如：desks,maps,,forgets,houses,②词尾加-(e)s, 在以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es,一般读作/iz/.如：glasses,boxes,fishes,watches.(例外 ③以辅音字母加yy改成i再加-es;若以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加-s.–esiz/.如：factoriestoys④以f或fe结尾的词把f,fe改成v，再加-es.–ves一般读作 —wives.leaf—leaves,knife---⑤少数以o结尾的词后面必须加-es. 如heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,但是photos, 有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时直接加s.如：roofs,chiefs,beliefs,proofs, safes箱,beliefs信例：Mary→MarysHenry Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet脚,英尺,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-children,goose-geese, Japanese,,carp[kɑ:p]n.鲤鱼,sheep,deer,species物种reindeer圣诞老人的驯鹿,means方法,works工厂，anaircraft→threeaircraft 幽默humor现代modern沙发 crisis-crises,ysis-ysesphenomenon—phenomena,criterion—criteria标准 UFOs/UFO’s,the80s/80’s八零年代, Collegestudent--collegestudents astronaut---womenastronautspaper纸—papers文件, work工作—works工厂， job,work timejob有薪水的工作 work,Youhavelotsofworktodo.part部分—parts零件 Amanofparts有才能的人water水—waters水域,洪水WatersofAmazon ash灰-ashes骨灰,房屋被烧后的残垣力—sArmeds三军 armedadj.的—armscustom风俗习惯—customs关税thecustomsmanner方法— manners规矩礼仪letter信—letters文学 deer-Johnletter分手信airairs装腔作势Tomlikestoputonsand沙子—sands沙滩 look看—looks外貌； time时间—times时代wood木材—woods树林 green—greens青菜 cloth布料—clothes衣服 matter物质—matters事情 wood—woods树林 time—times时代 glasses眼睛,contactlenses眼镜,trousers裤子,scissors剪刀,socksgloves以ings结尾的名词：savings储蓄,findings结果,earnings收入,surroundings,winnings奖金,ngs行为belongings所有物。 goods,riches,customs, s,stairs楼梯，congratulations,tears,jewels,resources, mathematics,politics,physics,the economics,表金额,距离,时间,用单数动 Onehundreddollarsisenoughtobuythat isalongdistancetoyearsiscalled“adecadescore 50亩,sixty60三.名词的所有格s,外）后读[s]，在浊辅音（除[z,]外）和元音后读[z]，在[s,z]等音后读作[iz]Jim'spen的钢笔,theboy'smother男孩的母book学生的书,ahorse'shoofs马蹄，thes结尾的单数名词或专有名词，加“'”“'s”构thehostess'(s)[iz]photoThomas'(s)[iz]book托马斯的书，Charles'(s)[iz]knife的刀子，Jones'(s)的书桌，theboss'(s)ordertheworkers'suggestion工人们的建议,themasses'advice群众的意见tenminuteswalk10分钟的步行thestudents'readingroom室，thetwins'bedroomthechildren'smother孩子们的母亲，clothes女装，awomen'smagazine妇女的小 Men’s passers-by'shelp许多路人的帮助JimandJack'sdesk和的书桌（一张桌子AliceandMary'sroom和玛丽的房间（一个Jim'sandJack'sdesks的书桌和的书（两个房间）Alice'sandMary'srooms的房间和玛丽的房间（两个房间比较：MaryandBob'sschool（两人在同一所学校）Mary'sandschools（两人在不同的学校例：theboy'snamethebird'ssong比：thegirl'sshirt（一个）的裙thegirls'shirts（两个或以上）的裙

Linda's themanager'sofficetheboy'spicturebook（一个）thechildren'spicturebooks（两个或以上）孩子的hisparent'sroom他父亲/母亲的房间（一个hisparents'room他父母的房间（一个hisparents'rooms他父母的房间（多个例：theriver'sbankNewyear'sDaythecity'sparks城市的公园theschool'shistory学校的历史a's Shanghai'schanges的变tendollars'

'sdevelopmentfifty英里的路ClassThree'sstudents 3班的学生yesterday'snewspaper halfanhour'soperation themoon'srays月光apound's Fridayevening's three’distance三英里的距tenminutes’break十分钟的休息

theearth'ssalite adollar’sworth一的价值tomorrow’sweather明天的天气afteraweekortwo'sdelay例：thebook'scover书的封 science's industry's 例：men'sclothes男士服 children'sstories儿童故listener'sletter 例：thetailor's裁缝铺thechemist's药房theZhang's张家Uncle

thebarber's理发店heruncle's the 医生诊I'mgoingtothetailor's.We'llmeetatPaul's.在的住处相会Imetheratmysister's.我在我妹妹家遇见IspenttheweekendatmyUncleDick's.我在叔叔家过周末。IboughtsomeeggsatHudson's. Theysentthepatienttothedoctor's.他们把送到诊疗所去了。Hehadabadtoothacheandhadtogotothedentist's. 6).表国名,地 theworld’spopulation ’sclimate theUnitedStates’future/America’sfuture例：Theteacher'sisattheendofthestreet.老师的家在街道的尽头。（作主语Ifirstsawheratmyaunt's.我第一次见她是在我姑姑家。（作介词宾语Thisrulerismine,butthatoneisJim's.这把尺子是我的，但是那把是的。（作表例：Thisradioisdifferentfrommybrother's(radio).这台收音机同我弟弟的那台不一名词所有格修饰的是shop,ho,store,home,hospital,office,church,theatre等表示、场所或的家的名词时，常可省略例：TheymetatLiMing's(house).他们是在家见的面A:Whoseisthehouse?B:It'sSusan's(house).是的例：theendofthetermthelegofthetable桌子的腿thebeginningoftheyear年初theleavesofthetree树的叶子themaneofthebook

thecolourofthecar thepictureofthefamily 家庭thegateoftheschool学校的大门thewindowoftheroom thecoverofthe 5班的学生

thehistoryoftheschooltheschool'shistorythefutureofShanghaiShanghai'sfuturethestudentsofClassFiveClassFive'sstudentstheparksofthecitythecity'spark

thenameoftheshiptheship'snamethesonofaprofessoraprofessor'ssonthedaughterofMr.SmithMr.Smith'sdaughter但是当's所有格表示类别、来源时，不可同ofof所有格表示同位关系时，也不可换用's所有格。例：女鞋women'sshoes（正theshoesofwomen（误

的书桌Jack'sdesk（正thedeskofJack（误书的末尾theendofthebook（正thebook'send（误

市thecityofNanjing（正Nanjing'scity（误+'例：afriendofmyfather's我父亲的一个朋 =oneofmyfather'stwoclassmatesofmybrother's我弟弟的两个同班同 =twoofmybrother'sofaan,someany,everynofewseveraltwothree等修饰，the。例：HaveyoureadanyworksofLuXun's?你读过的著作吗SomeneighboursofLevy'sareteachers.带有某种感彩时，of前面的名词可以用this,that,these,those修饰。例：ThatdaughterofGreen'sisreallyadear.的那个女儿真逗人喜爱。Idon'tlikethatbignoseofJack's.我不喜欢的那个大鼻子。LookatthosepicturesofJuliet's.Theyareverybeautiful.看看的那些，真例：Heisafriendofmyfather's.他是我父亲的一个朋友。（侧重点说明我父亲不只一个Heisafriendofmyfather.他是我父亲的朋友。（侧重点说明他和他父亲是朋友，对我父Thisisapictureofhisbrother's.这是他弟弟的一张。(强调众多中的一张)Thisisapictureofhisbrother.这是他弟弟的。(强调上是他本人)名词性物主代词，如mineours例：atoyofher