toefl直通车初级起点练习册答案

第一部分：句 简单 非简单 综合训 第二部分：句间关系基 Thepressureofthegasesbeingbreathedmustequaltheexternalpressureappliedtothebody;otherwisebreathingisverydifficult.所呼吸气体的压力Untiltheeighteenthcentury,charcoalwasthechieffuelusedinblastfurnaces,aswellasin要IsabelBishopwasoneofmanyAmerican semployedbytheernmentduringtheDepressionyearsonvariousfederalartprojects.在大年代雇佣用于各种艺术项目的艺术家之一Anenvironmentfavorabletothegrowthandlaterpreservationoforganismsisrequiredfortheoccurrenceoffossils.有利于有机物成长以及后期保存的环境Humanity'sprimaleffortstosystematizetheconceptsofsize,shapes,andnumberareusuallyregardedastheearliestmathematics.人类最初用于体积、形状和数量概念体系化Virtuallyallcopperworkedbysmithswasimportedassheetsorobtainedbyrecyclingoldcoppergoods.差不多所有铁匠所做的铜ThebeautifullypfossilfishfromtheGreenRiversoilshaleofWyominginthewesternUnitedStateslivedinavastshallowlake.来自位于西部怀俄明州格林河土页Theadvantagesclaimedfororganicallygrownfoodsoverconventionallygrownandmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.所声称的与传统种植和销售的食物产品相比有机种Thepressuresexertedalongthefoot,togetherwiththelengthofstride,whichaveraged87centimeters,indicatedthatthehominidshadbeenwalkingslowly.沿着脚所施加的压力In1865theastronomerMariaMitcbecamethefirstwomanappointedtothefacultyofVassarCollege.学院雇用教职工中的第一位女性候鸟来往于冬夏巢所用的主要迁徙路寻找他们信件的公一趟穿越怀俄明州北部平原的运牛火(1)促进现有住房的有效，刺激新住房的建设(2)向竞争性的申请者分配现有稀少住房(3)铁路冷冻车厢使得种植者和屠宰能够远距离并长时间保存易腐货TherewassuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.Archaeologicalrecords—paintings,drawings,andcarvingsofhumansengagedinactivitiesinvolvingtheuseofhands—indicatethathumanshavebeenpredominantlyright-handedformorethan5,000years.宾语从句Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities.介词宾语Whoeveristopformwinsthegamewhentwomatchedyersmeet.主语从句；时间状语从(1)Oncetherightinsecthasbeenattracted,someorchidspresentallsortsofone-wayobstaclecoursestomakesure(2)itdoesnotleave(2.1)untilpollenhasbeenaccuraycedorremoved.Thequick-dryingpaintdemanded(1)thattheknowexactly(1.1)whereeachstrokebeced(1.2)beforethebrushmetthepanel,anditrequiredtheuseoffinebrushes.(1)宾语从句；InSacramentoanexcavationatthesizeofafashionablenineteenth-centuryhorevealedthatgarbagehadbeenstashedinthebuilding'sbasementdespitesanitationlawstothecontrary.宾语Todaywelloveracenturylaterthereisstilllittledirectevidenceofwhatliesbeneathourfeet.介Rentcontrolisthesystem(1)wherebythelocalernmentlsbuildingowners(1.1)howmuchtheycanchargetheirtenantsinrent.(1)定语从句；(1.1)宾语从句Neoclassicalsculptorsseldomheldamalletorchiselintheirownhandsreadilyconceding(1)thattheassistants(1.1)theyemployedwerefarbetter(1.2)thantheywereatcarvingthefinishedmarble.(1)宾语从句；(1.1)定语从句；(1.2)比较状语从句Newton'slawsofmotionassume(1)thatthetotalamountofspinofabodycannotchange(1.1)unlessanexternaltorquespeedsituporslowsitdown.(1)宾语从句；(1.1)条件状语从句Thenotionthatancouldorwoulddashoffanideainafitofspontaneousinspirationwascompleyalientothesedeliberayproducedworks.同位语从句Butthisincreasedprotectionispartiallycounctedbythefact(1)thatmassroostsattractpredatorsandareespeciallyvulnerable(1.1)iftheyareontheground.(1)同位语从句(1.1)条件Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesx-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails.定语从句Desert-adaptedm lshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated;itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderateThereisarchaeologicalevidencethatcountingwasemployedbyhumansasfarbackas50,000yearsago.主语从句(1)Whatsatiresdoistolookatfamiliarconditionsfroma(2)thatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.(1)主语从句；(2)定语从句Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesureabout(1)howithappened(2)untiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.(1)介词宾语从句；(2)时间状语从Satiretendstoremindpeople(1)thatmuchof(1.1)whattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.(1)宾语从句；(2)介词宾语从句Becauseofthis,ithasbeencommonlyassumedthatthesequenceofterrestrializationreflectedtheevolutionofmodernterrestrialecosystems.主语从句ThepresenceinBaltimoreofBarnum'sCityHo,asix-storybuildingwithtwohundredapartmentshelpsexinwhymanyotherearlynationalpoliticalconventionswereheldthere.宾Thismeant(1)thatwagonfreighting,stage-coachingand -boatingdidnotcometoanendTheargument(1)thathumans,eveninprehistorictimes,hadsomenumbersense,atleasttotheextentofrecognizingtheconceptsofmoreandless(1.1)whensomeobjectswereaddedtoortakenawayfromasmallgroup,seemsfair,(2)forstudieshaveshownthatsomeanimalpossesssuchasense.*（翻译整句）(1)同位语从句；(1.1)时间状语从句；(2)The itwasaimedhadworkedandsocializedinNewYork,theportcity,andhadpaintedtheriveranditsshoreswithvaryingMajorexcavationswereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkableThecreaturesfoundrangefrominsectsandbirdstogiantground atotalofproboscides(animalswithaproboscisorlongnose)—includingmastodonsandColumbianmammoths—havebeenrecovered,mostofthemfromPit9,thedeepestbone-bearingwasexcavatedinThose appearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedanduntiltheyhardenedintofixed purchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoutsidecity transitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Theriseandfallofthelakeswereundoubtedlylinkedtotheadvancesandretreatsoftheicesheets

coveredmuchofthenorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentduringIntherailroads'primeyears,between1890and1920,therewereafewindividualsintheStates,mostofthemwithsolidrailroadingexperiencebehindthem,writingaboutrailroading.

madeaprofession takesthetimetoconsulttheirfertilewritingswillstillfindatreasuretroveinformationabouttheceoftherailroadinthelifeoftheUnitedSnowaccumulatingyearlyinRainier'ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformoficecalledfirm,asubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystallineicemakesupInsteadofworkingwithlight,however,heworkedwith haveamuchwavelength,andbuiltadevicehecalleda"maser"forMicrowaveAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Bands,radiotransmitters,orotheridentifyingdevicescanbeattachedto thiscourserequirescatchinglive areamongthewariestandmostuntrappableofThishasbeencalled"historicalarchaeology,"atermthatisusedintheUnitedStatestorefertoanyarchaeologicalinvestigationintoNorthAmericansitesthatpostdatethearrivalofEuropeans.Mostpeopleenteringhistoricalarchaeologyduringthisperiodcameoutof theyhadstudiedprehistoricTheanswerlayina unknowingAmericanstrampledunderfootintheirhastecrossthe"GreatAmericanDesert"toreachSeventeenth-centuryhousesincolonial

sometimesprovedAmericaweresimple

primarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditional wentbacktotheMiddleSincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpentersmanualsimportedfromEngland.

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thereapparentlyspecificreceptorsitesforspecificSoevena hasbeendispersedbybreezesmaystillseemrichtoaEducationisalifelongprocess,aprocessshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife.

startslongbeforethestartofschool,andoneTheslicesofrealitytheworkingsof

aretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingofernments,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectItpermittedaccesstopublicwesternlandsonincreasinglyeasyterms,culminatinginbyHomesteadActof titletolandcouldbeclaimedonthebasisofresidencebyAnotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Butsculptureasahighart,practiced knewboth ictheoryofRenaissance-Baroque-Rococopredecessorsandthevarioustechnicalproceduresofmodeling,casting,andcarvingrichthree-dimensionalforms,wasnotknownamongAmericansin1776.Ifweaddtothisthetimidity

unschooledartisans—originallytrainedaswewillunderstandmorefullythedevelopmentofsculpturemadeintheUnitedStatesinthelateeighteenthcentury．Rentcontrolswerespurredbytheinflationofthe1970's,which,combinedwithCalifornia'srapidpopulationgrowth,pushedhousingprices,aswellasrents,torecordlevels.Directcarving- thesculptorsthemselvescarvestoneorwoodwithmalletandchiselmustberecognizedassomethingmorethanjustaThewarchiefledthemeninfightingduringoccasionalsvillagesanddirectedthemenincommunitybuildingprojects.

brokeoutwithThetwo

makeupthelinewireorcablearefedseparayintoamachineatoneend.composes80percentoftheairwebreatheusuallycausesabalmyfeelingofwell-beingatthisNineteenth-centuryAmericanho

werenolongerthegenial,deferentialoftheeighteenth-centuryEuropeaninn,becameleadingBeadsareminiaturebundlesofsecretswaitingtoberevealed:theirhistory,manufacture,culturalcontext,economicrole,andornamentaluseareallpointsofinformationonehopestoManyancient areofethnographicinteresthaveoftenbeenseparatedfromoriginalculturalThemajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistanceslower,andmorecostlymeans.

hadtobecoveredbytheInmanufacturing,thetransformationwasmarkedbytheemergenceofa"newfactorysystem"inwhichntsbecamelarger,morecomplex,andmoresystematicallyorganizedandmanaged. Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldoftitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.（同位语从句）Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthatarailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridincouldpayaprofit.（同位语从句）Thesearethedoubleradiosources,galaxieswithhugecloudsofradioemissionthatdwarfthevisiblegalaxies,sometimesbyafactorofahundredormore.（定语从句）Stonecarversengravedtheirmotifsofskullsandcrossbonesandotherreligiousiconsofdeathintothegrayslabsthatwestillseestandingtodayinoldburialgrounds. Butintheheydayofportraitpainting-fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850's-anyonewithamodicumoficabilitycould ealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Tobesure,therewerestillsmallworkshops,whereskilledcraftspeoplemanufacturedproductsrangingfromnewspaperstocabinetstoplumbingfixtures.Inviewoftherateatwhichtheradiosourcesemitenergy,theyshoulddisappearinafewmillionyearsastheirelectronsslowdownandceaseproducingradiation.Cosmicjetshaverankedamongthehottesttopicsofastronomicalresearchinrecentyearsasastronomersstrivetounderstandwheretheycomefrom.Ontherareoccasionwhenafinepieceofsculpturewasdesired,Americansturnedtoforeignsculptors,asinthe1770'swhenthecitiesofNewYorkandCharleston,SouthCarolina,commissionedtheEnglishmanJosephWiltontomakemarblestatuesofWilliamPitt.Desert-adaptedm lshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated;itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.Thebirdsontheedgeareatgreatestrisksincepredatorsfinditeasiertocatchsmallbirdsperchingatthemarginsoftheroost.Carefulysisofthephotosrevealsthesecret:Asthecatrotatesasthefrontofitsbodyclockwise,therearandtailtwistcounterclockwise,sothatthetotalspinremainszero,inperfectaccordwithNewton'sBarbedwire,firstpatentedintheUnitedStatesin1867,yedanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofAmericanfarming,asitenabledthesettlerstomakeeffectivefencingtoenclosetheirlandandkeepcattleawayfromtheircrops.Duringascentfromadepthof10meters,thevolumeofairinthelungswilldoublebecausetheairpressureatthesurfaceisonlyhalfofwhatitwasat10meters.Thedreamofbuildinganx-raymicroscopedatesto1895,itsdevelopment,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940'sbecausethedevelopmentoftheelectronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldoftitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Spiralgalaxiesarewelldwiththeinterslargasinwhichnewstarsform:astherotatingspiralpatternsweepsaroundthegalaxyitcompressesgasanddust,triggeringtheformationofbrightyoungstarsandinitsarms.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled-afarcryfromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Cannedgoodsandcondensedmilkbecamemorecommonduringthe1860's,butsremainedlowbecausecanshadtobemadebyhand.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthediversityofterrestrialorganisms,particularlytheexceptionallyrichlifeassociatedwithtropicalrain-habitats;relativelylittlehasbeensaid,however,aboutdiversityoflifeintheseaeventhoughcoralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainsintermsofrichnessoflife.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.Deepdivesarelessdangerousifheliumissubstitutedfornitrogen,becauseunderthesepressuresheliumdoesnotexertasimilarnarcoticeffect.Somegeologiststhoughtthatearth'sinteriorcontainedahighlycompressedballofincandescentgas,whileothersedthatitconsistedofseparatess,eachmadeofadifferentmaterial.Averydehydrated,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Wagonfreightersoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's,althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonstocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Bymid-twentiethcentury,conventionsaccountedforoverthirdoftheyearlyroomoccupancyofallhosinthenation;abouteighteenthousanddifferentconventionswithatotalattendanceofabouttenmillionswereheldannually.Althoughscientistscanspeculateaboutitsnature,neitherhumansnormachineswilleverbeabletovisitAlthoughthestatesdominatedeconomicactivityduringthisperiod,thefederalernmentwasnotAlthoughtheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,manyofthefossilsconsistoftheorganicremainsoftheorganism.Ifextensivecsweretobedug,thejobwouldbeuptothevariousUnderNewYork'scontrols,alandlordgenerallycannotraiserentsonapartmentsaslongasthetenantscontinuetorenewtheirleases.Thelargerrivers,especiallytheMississippiandtheOhio,becameincreasinglyusefulasboatsgrewinnumberandimprovedindesign.RiverboatscarriedtoNewOrleansthecornandothercropsofnorthwesternfarmers,thecottonandtobaccoofsouthwesternnters.Neitherthefarmersofthewestnorthemerchantsoftheeastwerecompleysatisfiedwiththispatternoftrade.Thedistancewasmorethan350andtherewereridgestocrossandawildernessofwoodsandswampstopenetrate.Neitherthisfluidnortheshedskincellshavemuchodorbythemselves,butthebacteriaworkingonbothsubstancesisanothermatter.Neithernot：名词成分并列Educationincludesboththeformalleaningthattakesceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformalleaning.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximaythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,do,takeexams,andsoon.Itestablishedanationalbanktostabilizedbankingactivitiesinthecountryand,inpart,toprovideasupplyofrelativelyeasymoneytothefrontier,whereitwasgreatlyneededforInthisview,primitivevascularntsfirstcolonizedthemarginsofcontinentalwaters,followedbyanimalsthatfedonthents,andlastlybyanimalsthatpreyedontheand（Whenthejetsstrikethehighlyrarefiedgasthatpermcalesintergalacticspace,thefast-movingelectronslosetheirhighlydirectionalmotionandformvastcloudsofradio-emittinggas.Stonecarversengravedtheirmotifsofskullsandcrossbonesandotherreligiousiconsofdeathintothegrayslabsthatwestillseestandingtodayinoldburialgrounds.and：名词成分并列——motifsofskullsmotifsofand：名词成分并列——motifsofskullsandcrossbonesotherreligiousiconsofAfewmarblememorialswithcarvedbusts,urns,orotherdecorationswereproducedinEnglandandbroughttothecoloniestobesetinthewallsofchurches-asinKing'sChapelinOneadaptationistobelightincolorandtoreflectratherthanabsorbtheSun'srays.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Forexample,sometimestheshapeorveininginapieceofstoneorwoodsuggests,perhapsevendictates,notonlytheultimateform,buteventhesubjectmatter.ortheshapeinapieceofstonetheveininginapieceofstone并列or：theshapeorveininginapieceofstonewood并列Railroadrefrigeratorcarsenabledgrowersandmeatpackerstoshipperishablesgreatdistancesandtopreservethemforlongerperiods.and：名词成分并列——growersmeatpackersand：定语并列——toshipperishablesgreatdistancestopreservethemforlongerperiods并列Eithertheeyemustbespeededup,orthecat'sfallsloweddownforthephenomenontobeMostoftheirmemberstarsareveryoldandsinceellipticalsaredevoidofinters largas,nonewstarsareforminginthem.AlthoughAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.and：状语并列Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof"prematureenterprise",wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.Notonly…butalso…Silversmithscompliedwiththeserequestsbymeltingthemoneyinasmallfurnace,addingabitofcoppertoformastrongeralloy,andcastingthealloyinrectangularblocks.Therapidlyaccumulatingsedimentsinthechannels,floodins,anddeltasofstreamsburyfresh-waterorganisms,alongwithlandntsandanimalsthatfallintothewater.and：名词成分并列Caveshavepthebonesofmanyanimalsthatdiedinthemandweresubsequentlyburiedunderablanketofclayoracoverofdripstone.Carbonmonoxide,however,hasanaturallevelof0.1ppmandisnotusuallyapollutantuntilitslevelreachesabout15ppm.其他笔记其他笔记 Thechieffoods(eateninanycountry)dependlargelyonwhatgrowsbestinitsclimateand写出主干成份：ThefoodsdependonThankstomodernirrigation,cropsnowgrowabundantlyinareaswhereoncenothingbutcactiandsagebrushcouldlive.写出主干成份：Crops划出定语从句 写出隐含逻辑的标志：Thanks其他笔记 Researchintothedynamicsofstormsisdirectedtowardimprovingtheabilitytopredicttheseeventsandthustominimizedamageandavoidlossoflife.写出主干成份：Researchisdirectedtoward翻译划线部分：提高预测这 的能力，从而最小化损失与避免人其他笔记 ThatxenoncouldnotformchemicalcompoundswasoncebelievedbyWhatcanbeinferredabout Xenoncouldnotformchemical其他笔记其他笔记 Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhavethesamevalueastheamountofmoneyborrowed.写出主句主干成份：Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethat宾语从句主干： 划其他笔记 Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatingInsectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eating其他笔记 Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.写出主句主干成份：Substancescanbe其他笔记 TounderstandtheancientMayanpeoplewholivedintheareathatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmericaandtheecologicaldifficultiestheyfaced,onemustfirstconsidertheirenvironment,whichwethinkofas"jungle"or"tropicalrain."写出主句主干成份：onemustconsidertheirWhich指代对象：their其他笔记 Longandoftenlyricaldescriptionsofthedifferenttypesofwareexistthatassistinclassifyingpots,althoughthesesometimesconfuseanalreadylargeandcomplicatedpicture.descriptionThese其他笔记 Onlywhenithasbeenchewedupanddigestedalmosttoaliquidcanthefoodpassthroughtherumenandonthroughthegut.主句主语：theThefoodcanpassthroughtherumenandonthroughthegutonlywhenithasbeenchewedupanddigestedalmosttoaliquid.其他笔记 Thefactthatsomebonesareheavilyweatheredshowsthatsomebodiesremainedabovethesurfaceforweeksormonths.其他笔记 TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth'ssurface,thedeep-oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth'ssurface,thedeep-oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.其他笔记 ThereisalegendthatsometimetowardtheendoftheCivilWar(1861-1865)aernmenttraincarryingoxentravelingthroughthenortherninsofeasternWyomingwascaughtinasnowstormandhadtobeabandoned. Aernmenttrainwascaughtinasnowstormandhadtobe Abandonv.Abundant:adj.其他笔记 Abrasionduetodailywearaltersthesurfacefeaturesofbeads,andiftheyareburiedforlong,theeffectsofcorrosioncanfurtherchangetheirappearance.Accordingtothissentence,whatcausedtheabrasion? dailywear【请写下英文】 其他笔记 Whenitcomestosubstantive-particularlybehavioral-information,crowsarelesswellthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafew ones:theendangeredCaliforniacondortociteoneobvious说明：whenitcomesto…当谈及…OnesAnd（每条线写一个词Commonspecies monThatmatter指代对象是：substantive-particularlybehavioral-其他笔记 Thefirstapplicationofthismethodysistostonetoolsthatare1.5millionto2yearsoldindicatesthat,fromthestart,animportantfunctionofearlystonetoolswasextracthighlynutritiousfood—meatandmarrow—fromlargeanimal 写出主干成份：Thefirstapplicationindicates宾语从句主干： 划其他笔记 Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentremindertheylivedinaworld titudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishanirreverentreminder其他笔记 Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,x-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairUnlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,x-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairandinwater,whichmeansthatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunderconditionssimilartotheirnaturalstate.写出主干成份：x-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobeWhich宾语从句主干成份： WhatcanbeinferredaboutelectronElectronmicroscopymakesspecimenshardtobekeptinairandin其他笔记 ThesculpturallegacythatthenewUnitedStatesinheritedfromitscolonialpredecessorswasfarfromarichone,andinfact,in1776sculptureasanartformwasstillinthehandsofartisansandcraftspeople.andand之后的修饰成份： 划其他笔记 Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallm lsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs. But之前的句子的真正宾语：toscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruitButOnes分：smalllsare 其他笔记 Finally,in1863,Congressprovidedthatthemailcarrierswhodeliveredthemailfromthepostofficestoprivateaddressesshouldreceiveaernmentsalary,andthatthereshouldbenoextrachargeforthatdelivery.整句主干成份： 划thatthemailcarrierswhodeliveredthemailfromthepostofficestoprivateaddressesshouldreceiveaernmentsalarythatthereshouldbenoextrachargeforthat其他笔记 Ramsaythenstudiedagasthatwaspresentinnaturalgasdepositsanddiscoveredthatwashelium,anelementwhosepresenceintheSunhadbeennotedearlierinthespectrumofsunlightbutthathadnotpreviouslybeenknownonEarth.第三个that指代对象：anelement之前 光谱中已经被注意到 含有该元其他笔记 Archaeologicalevidencesuggeststhatby3000B.C.,andperhapsevenearlier,therehademergedonthesteppesofInnerEurasiathedistinctivetypesofpastoralismthatweretodominatetheregion'shistoryforseveralmillennia.请根据原文，添上合适内容：thedistinctivetypesofpastoralismhad其他笔记 Paleontologistshavearguedforalongtimethatthedemiseofthedinosaurswascausedbyclimaticaltionsassociatedwithslowchangesinthepositionsofcontinentsandseasresultingfromtetectonics. P由气候改变导致（填汉语 其他笔记 Twospeciesofthesefinches,namedforthewaytheupperandlowerpartsoftheirbillscross,ratherthanmeetinthemiddle,resideintheevergreen sofNorthAmericaandfeedontheseedsheldwithintheconesofconiferoustrees.横线部分主语是：twospeciesofthesefinches其他笔记 AfterIofferedmyhypothesis,HoyleandWickramasinghearguedthatmoleculesofinterslarformaldehydehaveindeedevolvedintostablepolysacc