初高中衔接教学时态与语态

动词时态过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时

现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoingVeddidwas/wereVingwas/weredoinghadVedhaddonewouldVwoulddoV/Vsdo/doesam/is/areVingam/is/aredoinghave/hasVedhave/hasdonewillVwilldowillbeVingwillbedoingwillhaveVedwillhavedone助动词考点1常用时态构成及用法时态名构成（以drive为例）用法一般现在时表示现在的状态或经常的习惯性的发生的动作。常跟often,usually,sometimes,everyyear等时间状语连用。一般过去时

表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如lastweek一般将来时表示将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和将来的时间状语连用。如；nextweek;tomorrow等。现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作。常用的时间状语有now,rightnow等。过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在发生的动作。常和atthistimelastnight等状语连用。drivedrives

（单三人称）drovewill/shalldriveam/is/aregoingtodriveam/is/aretodriveam/is/aredrivingwas/weredriving考点1常用时态构成及用法时态名构成（以drive为例）用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常跟ever,neverjust,yet等副词和since,for等引导时间状语（从句）连用。过去完成时

表示过去某个时间或动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。常有一个表示过去的时间状语或过去的动作作为参照。过去将来时从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常常用在宾语从句中。现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，有可能还要继须下去。常和thesedays,foroveramonth等时间状语连用。have/hasdrivenhad

drivenwould/shoulddrivewas/weregoingtodrivewas/weretodrivehave/hasbeendrivingPractice

Takethewordworkasanexample,

1.Heoften_________onthefarm.2.He_________onthefarm2yearsago.3.He_________onthefarmnow.4.He____________onthefarmthoseyears.5.He_________onthefarmnextyear.6.Hesaidhe_________onthefarmthenextmonth.7.He_________onthefarmforthreeyears.8.Hesaidhe__________onthefarmfor5years.worksworkedisworkingwasworkingwillworkwouldworkhasworkedhadworked一般现在时onceayear,twiceamonth,everyyear/week/day,everytwodays，howoften等频率时间状语1).Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2).Theearth_______(move)aroundthesun.Practice______________(熟能生巧).3)Theteachertoldustheearth________(go)aroundthesun.Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光速比声速快。4）Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow,I'llstayathome.5)Thetrain______(start)atninetomorrowmorning.movesmakesperfectrainsgoesstarts现在进行时1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now,thisweek,thesedays,atpresent,rightnow,atthemoment

等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：look,listen,It’snineo’clock等）。如：Thestudents_________(do)theirhomework.He____________(write)anovelthisyear.你在等谁？Look,thechildren_________(在操场上打篮球)aredoingiswritingWhomareyouwaitingfor?2.有些动词如come,go,leave,begin,stay,start等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常有表示将来的状语:Jimiscomingherethisevening.He___________isleavingWuhan_______Beijing.他将要离开武汉去北京。isleavingfor1.过去发生的动作，对现在有影响

现在完成时现在

time过去现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：1)now,today,tonight,thisweek/month/year2)yet,already,just,recently,sincethen，since，before,beforenow,sofar,byfar,now,bynow,untilnow,uptonow,inthepast(last)fewyears(days/months)3)since引导过去时间状语或时间状语从句Itis(hasbeen)threeyearssinceheboughtthebook.4)for+一段时间的状语I’vebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.sofar目前为止byfar目前为止bynow目前为止before以前，之前beforenow此前inthepastfewyearssincethen自从那时到现在since

untilnow

目前为止

overthelastfewyears最近几年

sincetwoyearsago自从两年前

howmanytimes多少次下列时间状语适用于现在完成时：1.We_______thisschool_______threeyears.在这个学校学习了三年。2.It__________sincetheygotmarried.

他们结婚两年了。3.Twohours_____Igotup.自从我起床两个小时过去了4.Heisveryhungry.He_________anythingforthreedays.(noteat)5.We________goodfriendssincewemetatschool.（be）

。

时过去一次/多次

态time二、一般过去时的用法

一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有：1）atthattime,atthatmoment,justnow,justthenTomwasherejustnow.2)yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,last（that/tomorrow）night/week/month/Sunday/January等。Icalledyoulastnight,butyouweren’tathome.3)duringtheholidays,afewdays/weeks/yearsagoIfinishedtheworkafewdaysago.4)由when,while,before,after,whenever等引导的从句。WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo’clock.1.Ican'tfindmypen.Who______it?(take)2.I______mybike,soIhavetowalktoschool.(lose)3.He______downandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.(sit)过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有：1)(at)thistimelastnight,at9:00yesterday2)whenIsawhim;whileIwaswatchingTV3)fromseventoninelastnight4)yesterday,lastyear,yesterdaymorningWhatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?He_________________(正在画)anelephantontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein.wasdrawing

用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。eg.I________________(正在写信)whileyouwerestudyingforyourexams.

I_____________________(我正在做作业)

whensomeoneknockedatthedoor.

waswritingaletterwasdoingmyhomework“过去的过去”——双重过去过去完成时过去time双过明示：过去时间词（by+过去时间）暗示：过去的动作（bythetime+从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子，则主句用过去完成时）过去完成时1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间前已发生或完成的动作，也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”，常用时间状语有：1)beforeIwenttothecinema;whenIgotthere;beforethen;2)bylastyear,bytheendoflastterm;

bythen;bythattimeeg.Themeetinghadbegunwhenwegotthere.We__________(learn)about1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.2.它还可表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，往往和由for或before引导的时间状语连用，如：MrWhite__________(live)inBeijingfortwoyearsbeforehemovedtoCanada.过去将来

time过去

现在

四、过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将来发生的动作，常用的时间状语有：1)yesterday,thenextday,thatday/night2)thefollowingweek3)last4)bythen5)whenhegrewup,afteritstoppedraining,bythetimehearrivedthere…TheysaidthattheywouldhaveabasketballmatchwithClassTwothisafternoon.time现在

将来

三、一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语连用。如：1)tomorrow,today,tonight

2)nextspring/week/month/year3)duringthisterm4)first,next5)whenIgrowupWhatwillyoudonextweek?We’llonlystayfortwoweeks.谓语动词形式willdoam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/areabouttodoam/is/aretodoam/is/aredoingdo/does考点：主将从现：状语从句+主将从现：将来时willV原形Wewillgototheparkwhenitclearsup.Mycarwon'trunoutofoiltonightaslongasIdon'tgooutoftown.对比:I'llletyouknowwhenhecomesherelater.I'llletyouknowwhenhewillcomehere.时间状从条件状从时间状从：主将从现宾语从句：看具体时间解动词填空题“三步曲”1..I

(have)thisbookfor2weeks.havehadareplanted一看时间状语2.Everyyear,manytrees

(plant)alongtheriver.3.Keepquiet,please!They

(have)alesson.arehaving4.---Hi,LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.---Oh,I

(get)readyfortheexam.was

getting5.Tom

(go)tobedearly，buthis

brotherdoesn’t.6.Listen!Jim’sradio

(make)aloudnoise.Wouldyoupleasetellhimtoturnitdown?

goesismaking二观上下文联系三找隐含条件A.试填下面的时态并说出它们的时态名：1.Theyoften_________(get)upearlyinthemorning.2.Tom__________(go)totheparkeverySunday.3.I_______(see)themovielastmonth.4.We______________(plant)treesnextweek.5.Look!Thechildren_______________(play)basketballnow.6.Lucy______________(do)herhomeworkcarefullywhensuddenlycameastrangevoice.A.试填下面的时态并说出它们的时态名：7.Myfather_______________(teach)Chinesefor30years.8.Theoldman______________(live)intheGuangmingStreetsincehemovedhere.9.-----Wouldyoupleasegotoseethefilm“TheShaolinTemple”withmetonight?-----Sorry,I_________________(see)italready.10.Whenhegottothestationyesterday,thebus_____already___________(leave).11.Thechairmansaidthatwe___________(build)acarfactoryinourcityin2017.12.We_______________(work)onthisprojectforoveramonthnow.

Practice(Homework1):1.We_________(go)tobedatteno’clockeveryday.2.______thesun________(rise)intheeast?3.Mybrother_______(want)tobeadoctorwhenhe_______(grow)up.4.I’llcallyouassoonasI_______(get)home.5.We__________

(talk)aboutyouafewminutesago.6._________they____________(finish)theirhomeworklastnight?7.Sorry,I________________(nothear)youjustnow.8.Bothofus_____________________(graduate)frommiddleschoolnextyear.9.TheAmericanPresident______________(visit)Chinanextweek.10.Look!Thechild______________________(smile).I____________________________(prepare)TOEFLthesedays.12.Whenhegottothestationyesterday,thebus_____a