山东省烟台龙口市2022-2023学年高一下学期分班考试英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页英语阶段性测试试题温馨提示：1.本试卷共8页，满分90分;考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。2.答题前，务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置上。3.选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。4.非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内相应位置;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。5.在试卷上和答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AHaveyoueverhadsuchanexperiencethatadaystartingoutbadjustcontinuestogetworse.Butwhy?Sometimesthere’sa“dominoeffect”withbadevents.Forexample,yousleepthroughthealarm,soyou’restressed.Andyouwillsitinthebadtraffic,whichwillalsomakeyoulatetowork,etc.Howcanweturnabaddaytoagoodday?Herearesomeideasthathaveworkedforme:SmilealotSmilingalotwillhelpyoufeelrelaxed.Researchhasshownthatsmilingproducesthreeusefulchemicalswhichmakeusfeelgood.TalktoagoodfriendTalktosomeonewhocaresandlistensreallydoeshelpusfeelbetter,too.FocusonyourgoodthingsIt’shardtofocusonhowbadthingsarewhenyou’refocusingonhowgoodthingsare!Thinkof10ormorethingsyou’rethankfulfor,andyou’llachieveawholenewoutlook(人生观)onyourday.GetsomeexerciseIfyoucan,exercise.Exercisingwillhelpyoufeelbetteranditcangetyourdaybacktobenormalagain.MakethedayachallengeIfyoumakeyourselfthinkofthedayasachallenge,you’llstarttodoallthethingsyoucantomakeyourdaybetter.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasethe“dominoeffect”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.It’saneffectthatgetsoneeventtocause(引起)othersimilareventstohappen.B.It’saneffectthatturnsagooddaytoabadday.C.It’saneffectthatmakesonepersonaffect(影响)another.D.It’saneffectthatturnsbadthingsintogoodthings.2.Howcanthethreeusefulchemicalsthatsmilingproducesmakeusfeel?A.Angry. B.Relaxed. C.Stressed. D.Worried.3.Whatwillwedoifweconsiderabaddayasachallenge?A.Wewilltryourbesttodothings. B.Wewillgiveupdoingthings.C.Wewillloseallourconfidence. D.Wewillgotoexerciseatonce.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何把糟糕的一天变成好的一天。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Forexample,yousleepthroughthealarm,soyou’restressed.Andyouwillsitinthebadtraffic,whichwillalsomakeyoulatetowork,etc.”（例如，你睡过头了，没听到闹钟，所以你很有压力。而且你会经历糟糕的交通，这也会让你上班迟到，等等。）可知，下文列举了睡过头这件坏事可能会引起很多件坏事，即一个事件导致其他类似事件发生，由此可知，“dominoeffect”指一种使一个事件导致其他类似事件发生的效应。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段内容“Smilingalotwillhelpyoufeelrelaxed.Researchhasshownthatsmilingproducesthreeusefulchemicalswhichmakeusfeelgood.”（经常微笑会让你感到放松。研究表明，微笑会产生三种有用的化学物质，使我们感觉良好。）可知，微笑会产生三种有用的化学物质，使我们感觉良好，让我们感到放松，由此可知，微笑产生的三种有用的化学物质会让我们感觉放松。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Ifyoumakeyourselfthinkofthedayasachallenge,you’llstarttodoallthethingsyoucantomakeyourdaybetter.”（如果你让自己把这一天看作是一个挑战，你就会开始尽你所能让你的一天变得更好。）可知，如果我们认为糟糕的一天是一种挑战，我们就会尽自己所能让这一天变得更好，由此可知，如果我们认为糟糕的一天是一种挑战，我们就会尽力去做事情。故选A项。BOneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.Hewalkeduptotheteacherandtoldher,veryseriously,thathewasnew.HisnamewasChristian.Hesatdown,tookalookatme,andthenlookedaway.Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.ButonedayIjoinedthoseunkindkidswhoweremakingfunofhim.WemadefunofhimthoughIthoughtitwaswrong.“Haven’tyougotanyfriends?”akidaskedChristian,whohadwalkedpastusalone,withhisheaddown.“No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.Thatnight,Icouldn’tsleepbecauseIcouldn’tgetChristian’sfaceoutofmymind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,henevermetmyeyesinclassandneversmiledatme.Itwasreallyhardformetodecidetowritehimanoteaskinghimtoforgive(原谅)me.ButIthoughtIshould.Thenextdayinclass,IwrotehimanotetellinghimhowsorryIfelt.Aboutfiveminuteslater,Iturnedandsawtearsinhiseyes.“Youwillneverrealizewhatyourapology(道歉)hasmeanttome,Jimmy”hesaidtome.“Ihopewecanbecomefriends.”WehadlunchtogetherthatnoonandwehadthebesttalkIhadeverhad.Overtheyearsathighschool,wewereclosefriends.WhenIthinkback,Irealizethat,ifIhadnotapologized,IwouldneverhaveknownwhatalovelypersonChristianwas.Apologiescanreallychangeyourlife,sonevermissthechancetotellsomebodyyouaresorry.4.Fromthepassage,weknowChristianwasa______boy.A.tallandfat B.shortandshy C.shortandactive D.lovelyandfat5.Jimmydidn’ttalktoChristianmuchatfirstbecause________.A.hedidn’tthinkChristianwasthetypehewantedtomakefriendswithB.Christianwasn’tnicetopeoplearoundhimafterhecametothenewclassC.ChristianmadefriendswithothersD.Christianhadthesaddestdogeyes6.Jimmyfelt________afterhemadefunofChristianwithotherunkindkids.A.happy B.interested C.sorry D.bored7Thisarticletellsusthat________.A.weshouldmakeanapologywhenwehurtothersB.Jimmy’sapologywasunimportanttoChristianC.Christianwasn’tlovelyinfactD.itisimpossibletosaysorrytoothers【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者的故事，作者曾经因为害怕不能融入其他人而选择取笑自己的一个朋友，幸亏作者最终意识到自己的错误，及时道歉，挽回了这个好朋友。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“OneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.(一个星期四的下午，当我在九年级的时候，一个新男孩走进了我的教室。他又矮又瘦。)”以及第二段“Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.(在那一年里，我很少和他说话，但当我们的目光相遇时，他总是害羞地对我微笑。他从不和任何人一起吃午饭，除了我，他从不和任何人说话。)”可知，克里斯蒂安是个个子矮小的人，而且很害羞。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.(我不认为他是一个很好的人，我确信他不是我想要交朋友的类型。)”可知，作者不和克里斯蒂安交朋友，是因为作者认为他不是自己想去交朋友的人。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段““No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.(“不，他没有朋友。他太笨，太害羞了。”我说。然后克里斯蒂安抬头看着我，眼神中流露出我从未见过的最悲伤的狗一样的神情。那一刻我感到非常抱歉。)”可知，当作者和其他不友善的孩子们一起取笑克里斯蒂安时，心里感到很抱歉。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“WhenIthinkback,Irealizethat,ifIhadnotapologized,IwouldneverhaveknownwhatalovelypersonChristianwas.(当我回想起来，我意识到，如果我没有道歉，我永远不会知道克里斯蒂安是一个多么可爱的人。)”以及最后一段“Apologiescanreallychangeyourlife,sonevermissthechancetotellsomebodyyouaresorry.(道歉真的可以改变你的生活，所以不要错过向别人道歉的机会。)”可知，文章主要告诉我们，当我们伤害他人的时候我们应该及时道歉。故选A。CIntoday’sworld,sleepexpertssaythatforabetternight’srest,AmericansshouldturnofftheirsmartphonesoriPadbeforesleeping.Suchelectronicproductsmakethebrainmoreactive,andtheninfluencetheirsleep.Butaccordingtoalatestsurvey,morethan90%ofAmericansregularlyuseacomputerorsomeotherkindsofelectronicproductsinthehourbeforebed.Researchersarefindingthatman-madelightfromsomeelectronicproductsatnightmayreducethebrainchemicals(化学物质)thathelpsleep.Theresearchersshowedthatsittinginthelightfromcomputertabletsclearlyloweredlevelsofthechemicalwhichmanagesourbodyclocksandplaysaroleinthesleepcycle.Inthestudy,theresearchersletvolunteersread,playgamesandwatchmoviesonatabletfordifferenttimewhilemeasuring(测量)howmuchlighttheireyesreceived.Theyfoundthattwohoursofsittingbeforeabrighttabletscreenatnightreducedthesleepchemicallevelsbyabout22%.Studiesofstudentsusingcomputersatnighthavegotthesimilarresults.Andresearcherssaythatmaynotonlycausesleeplessness,butalsoraisetheriskofobesity(肥胖症),diabetes(糖尿病)andotherdiseases.Tobeonthesafeside,theresearchersadviseustousecomputerslessbeforebed,orattheveryleastturningdownyourscreenasmuchaspossible.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Americansdon’tgetenoughsleep.B.Electronicproductsareverypopular.C.Thebrainbecomesmoreactiveatnight.D.Sleepexpertsneverusesmartphones.9.ThevolunteersinthestudydidthefollowingthingsEXCEPT________.A.listeningtomusicB.playingcomputergamesC.watchingmoviesD.readingelectronicbooks10.Theunderlinedword“that”probablymeans________inthepassage.A.makingasurveyaboutsleepBusingsmartphonesinthedaytimeC.sittinginabrightroomD.usingcomputersatnight11.Whatdoesthepassagetellustodotohaveagoodsleep?A.LearntousesmartphonesoriPad.B.WatchsomerelaxingTVprograms.C.Turndownthescreentothelowest.D.Trytosleepearlierthanbefore.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明由于很多美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品，导致这些人大脑活跃，因而影响了他们的睡眠。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Intoday’sworld,sleepexpertssaythatforabetternight’srest,AmericansshouldturnofftheirsmartphonesoriPadbeforesleeping.Suchelectronicproductsmakethebrainmoreactive,andtheninfluencetheirsleep.Butaccordingtoalatestsurvey,morethan90%ofAmericansregularlyuseacomputerorsomeotherkindsofelectronicproductsinthehourbeforebed.(在当今世界，睡眠专家表示，为了在晚上得到更好的休息，美国人应该在睡觉前关闭智能手机或iPad。这些电子产品使大脑更加活跃，从而影响他们的睡眠。但根据一项最新调查，超过90%的美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品。)”可知，有超过90%的美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品，由此可以判断电子产品在美国很受欢迎。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inthestudy,theresearchersletvolunteersread,playgamesandwatchmoviesonatabletfordifferenttimewhilemeasuring(测量)howmuchlighttheireyesreceived.(在这项研究中，研究人员让志愿者在不同的时间在平板电脑上阅读、玩游戏和看电影，同时测量他们的眼睛接收到多少光线。)”可知，研究人员让志愿者在平板电脑上阅读、玩游戏和看电影，没有听音乐。故选A。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词的上一句“Studiesofstudentsusingcomputersatnighthavegotthesimilarresults.(对学生夜间使用电脑的研究也得到了类似的结果。)”可知，下文是对学生夜间使用电脑的研究结果。那么划线单词后“maynotonlycausesleeplessness,butalsoraisetheriskofobesity(肥胖症),diabetes(糖尿病)andotherdiseases.(不仅会导致失眠，还会增加患肥胖症、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险。)”指的自然是学生夜间使用电脑带来的后果。所以划线单词that指的是“夜间使用电脑”。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tobeonthesafeside,theresearchersadviseustousecomputerslessbeforebed,orattheveryleastturningdownyourscreenasmuchaspossible.(为了安全起见，研究人员建议我们睡前少用电脑，或者至少尽可能地调低屏幕。)”可知，文章认为如果想要拥有好的睡眠，我们可以睡前少用电脑或者尽可能将屏幕调低。故选C。DBoris,aforeignstudentatCommunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog(视频博客).Inonevideo,forexample,BorissharedhowhehadlearnedtheChineseworddongxi.Hetranslatedeachpartseparatelyinto“eastwest”.Andheintroducedonetheory(说法)abouthowdongxicametomean“things”.HetoldpeoplethatallmarketplacesinancientChinesecitiesweresetupalongasingleroadthatranfromeasttowest.Sowhenyouwouldsayqumaidongxi,you’dbesaying,“I’mgoingtobuythings.”SomeothervideosshowhisreadingChinesepoemsandperformingkungfuinChinesetraditionalcostume,whicharequitewelcomeamonghis40,000followers.“ManyofmyfollowersarelearningChinese,”Borissaid.“Butsadly,theyknowlittleaboutChinesecultureandthecountry.”Likemanyforeigners,BorisoncebelievedthatallChinesecouldperformkungfu,flyingontoroofsandwalkingoverwalls.Hethoughtthecountrywasnotthatdeveloped.Butafterhegotascholarship(奖学金)tostudyinChina,hisviewchanged.“Chinahasenteredanewperiod,butmanypeople’simpressionsofChinaarestillstuckinthe1970s,”Borissaid.“That’swhyIstartedtoshootvlogstoshareChineseculturein2019.”Untilnow,Borishaspostedmorethan40Chineseculturevlogsonline.Butmakingthesevlogsisnoteasy.TakereadingthepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgebyXuZhimoasanexample.“Icanunderstandandreadeverywordinthepoem,”Borissaid.“Buttotouchreaders,Ineedtouseproperfeelingswhilereading.”Soheneededtolookformuchbackgroundinformationandmakehisfeelingssuiteachpartofthepoem.Thoughshootingthesevlogstakeslotsoftime,theyoungmanfeelsproudthathisvlogshaveinspiredmanypeople.Borissaidthathewantedtocontinuebridgingthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.“Thisgoalmaynotbeachievedeasily,butIwillsparenoeffortstodomypart.”12.Throughthevlogs,Borismainlywantsto______..A.teachforeignersChinese B.introduceaChineseuniversityC.sellChineseproducts D.sharehisexperiencesinChina13.BorislearnedtheChineseworddongxiby_______..A.translatingitasawhole B.knowingitsculturalbackgroundC.makingupsomesentences D.comparingitwithsimilarwords14.WhatinspiredBoristoshootvlogs?A.Hishungerfornewtechnology. B.HiswishtoshowtherealChina.C.HisinterestinChineseculture. D.Hisdreamtobeabigvlogger.15.ThepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgeismentionedto_______..A.meetthefollowers’needs B.expressBoris’sloveforpoemsC.showBoris’seffortsatvlog-making D.giveanexampleofChineseculture【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生鲍里斯通过视频博客分享他在中国的经历，展示中国的文化。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据首段“Boris,aforeignstudentatCommunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog(视频博客).(鲍里斯是中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生，他经常在自己的视频博客上分享他对中国文化的体验。)”可知，通过视频博客，鲍里斯主要想分享他在中国的经历。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第三四句“Andheintroducedonetheory(说法)abouthowdongxicametomean“things”.HetoldpeoplethatallmarketplacesinancientChinesecitiesweresetupalongasingleroadthatranfromeasttowest.Sowhenyouwouldsayqumaidongxi,you’dbesaying,“I’mgoingtobuythings.”(他还介绍了“东西”一词的由来。他告诉人们，中国古代城市的所有市场都是沿着一条从东到西的单一道路建立的。所以当你说qumaidongxi的时候，你会说，“我要去买东西。”)”可知，鲍里斯通过了解中国的文化背景，学会了“东西”这个词。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““ManyofmyfollowersarelearningChinese,”Borissaid.“Butsadly,theyknowlittleaboutChinesecultureandthecountry.”(“我的很多粉丝都在学中文，”鲍里斯说。“但遗憾的是，他们对中国文化和这个国家知之甚少。”)”以及第五段末句“Borissaid.“That’swhyIstartedtoshootvlogstoshareChineseculturein2019.”(鲍里斯说。“这就是为什么我在2019年开始拍摄视频博客来分享中国文化。”)”可知，因为粉丝对中国文化和这个国家知之甚少，不了解真正的中国，所以鲍里斯开始拍摄视频博客来分享中国文化。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后两句“Butmakingthesevlogsisnoteasy.TakereadingthepoemSecondFarewelltoCambridgebyXuZhimoasanexample.(但制作这些视频博客并不容易。以徐志摩的诗《再别康桥》为例。)”可知，徐志摩的诗《再别康桥》被提及是为了说明鲍里斯制作这些视频博客并不容易。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Doyouwanttocelebrateyourbirthdayinspace?Itwouldbeverydifferentfromwhatyoumightdoonearth.Forexample,yourbirthdaycakewouldbeflying.Thecandlescouldnotbelitbecauseastronautscannotstartafireinthespaceship._____16_____Voicesarealmosttheonlythingsthatarenotchangedbybeingweightless,whichmeansthateverythinghasalmostnoweightinspace.Someastronautsfeelsickforthefirstfewdaysinspace.Somefeelasiftheyhaveacoldallthetime.That’sbecausewithoutgravity(引力),thefluids(液体)intheirbodiesmovetowardstheirheads.Theirfaceslookalittlefatter._____17_____.Andbecausegravityisnotpressingonthespine(脊椎).Thespinerelaxesandstretches(舒展)._____18_____Butwhentheycomebackonearth,theyturntotheirregularheight.Sincenothinghasweight,astronautscanlift(举起)heavyobjectseasily._____19_____However,itishardertostaystillinspacethantomovearound,sotheastronautsalwaysholdontosomethingortiethemselvestosomething._____20_____A.Forthesamereason,theirwaists(腰围)getsmaller.B.Theycanevenlifteachother.C.TherearepiecesofVelcrotostickthingsinordertokeepthemfromfloating(漂浮)around.D.YourfriendscouldstillsingHappyBirthdaytoYou.E.Astronautsgrowoneortwoinches(英寸)inspace.F.Inspace,boneandmusclesgetweaker.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.B20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在太空庆祝生日和在地球上庆祝生日有什么不同。【16题详解】根据空后内容“Voicesarealmosttheonlythingsthatarenotchangedbybeingweightless,whichmeansthateverythinghasalmostnoweightinspace.(嗓音几乎是唯一不会因失重而改变的东西，这意味着在太空中几乎没有任何东西的重量。)”可知，嗓音是太空中唯一不会因失重而改变的。选项D“YourfriendscouldstillsingHappyBirthdaytoYou.(你的朋友仍然可以唱“祝你生日快乐”。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是在太空中可以唱生日歌。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内容“That’sbecausewithoutgravity(引力),thefluids(液体)intheirbodiesmovetowardstheirheads.Theirfaceslookalittlefatter.(这是因为在没有重力的情况下，他们体内的液体会流向头部。他们的脸看起来有点胖。)”可知，空前讲述的是由于没有重力，液体会流向头部。选项A“Forthesamereason,theirwaists(腰围)getsmaller.(出于同样的原因，他们的腰围也变小了。)”符合上文内容，因为液体流向头部，脸看起来胖，相对应的，腰围变小了。故选A。【18题详解】根据空前内容“Andbecausegravityisnotpressingonthespine(脊椎).Thespinerelaxesandstretches(舒展).(因为重力没有压在脊椎上。脊柱放松和伸展。)”可知，在太空中，重力没有压在脊椎上，脊柱会放松和伸展。而空后内容“Butwhentheycomebackonearth,theyturntotheirregularheight.(但是当他们回到地球上时，他们会恢复到正常的高度。)”可知，空处指的是宇航员在太空中会高些。选项E“Astronautsgrowoneortwoinches(英寸)inspace.(航天员在太空中长高一到两英寸。)”符合上下文内容。故选E。19题详解】根据空前内容“Sincenothinghasweight,astronautscanlift(举起)heavyobjectseasily.(因为没有任何东西有重量，宇航员可以很容易地举起重物。)”可知，由于太空中没有重力，所以宇航员可以轻易举起重物。选项B“Theycanevenlifteachother.(他们甚至可以举起对方。)”与上文内容一致，指的是由于没有重力，宇航员甚至可以举起对方。故选B。【20题详解】根据空前内容“However,itishardertostaystillinspacethantomovearound,sotheastronautsalwaysholdontosomethingortiethemselvestosomething.(然而，在太空中保持静止比四处走动更难，所以宇航员总是抓住什么东西或把自己绑在什么东西上。)”可知，在太空中，东西很难保持静止。选项C“TherearepiecesofVelcrotostickthingsinordertokeepthemfromfloating(漂浮)around.(有几块魔术贴可以粘住东西，防止它们四处飘浮。)”是上文内容的延续，由于东西四处飘浮，所以宇航员用魔术贴粘住东西。故选C。第二部分语言知识应用(共两节,满分25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwasasunnydayyesterday.Afterawholeday’sworkinmyoffice,Iwalkedhome.Onthebusystreet,Isawayoungman_____21_____somesmalltoysaroundthecorner.Usually,Iwouldhurrypastsuchsellersandneverbuyanything.ButwhenInoticedhewas_____22_____,Idecidedtostandthereforsometime.Iwantedtoseehowhesoldhistoys.Soon,alittlegirlcamewithhermotherandwantedatoythatcould_____23_____anoise.Kidslikedsuchtoysbecausethenoisesoundedreallyfunny.Thetoywas18yuan.Themother_____24_____outa20-yuannote.Shetoldtheyoungmanhowmuchshewasgivinghimandwantedthechange(找零)_____25_____.Iwaswonderingwhathewasgoingtodonext.Hetoldthemothertoputthemoneyinhisbagandgetthechange_____26_____.Thenshedidso.Whattheyoungmandidshockedme.Hechosetotrustpeopleevenifhecouldn’tsee.Heletmeknowbelievinginpeopleisa_____27_____thing.Itbringsuswarmthandlove.IwassotouchedthatImadeadecisiontobuyatoyalthoughIdidn’tneeditatall.Hesaidit_____28_____18yuanandItoldhimthatIhadonlyone20-yuannote.Againhetoldmetodothesamethingasthemother.Iputmy20yuaninhisbag,butIdidn’ttakeanychange.AsIwalkeddownthestreet,IsawanotherlittlegirlwithherfatherandgaveherthetoyIbought.Shelookedatmeinsurpriseandthenthankedme_____29_____Iwashappytoseethesmileonherface.Theyoungmanwasagoodexampletousall.Onmywayhome,Ikeptthinkingtheworldwouldbeabetterplaceifweallcouldlearntotrustpeoplemore,justliketheyoungblind______30______.21.A.using B.buying C.selling D.washing22A.fat B.deaf C.short D.blind23.A.hear B.make C.avoid D.mind24.A.cut B.kept C.took D.worked25.A.up B.out C.off D.back26.A.itself B.herself C.myself D.yourself27.A.beautiful B.bad C.silly D.direct28.A.paid B.bought C.cost D.sold29.A.politely B.unluckily C.simply D.angrily30.A.girl B.father C.boy D.man【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.A30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在路边看到一位盲人卖玩具的故事。虽然他看不见,但他愿意选择相信他人，这让作者非常感动。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在繁忙的街道上，我看到一个年轻人在拐角处卖一些小玩具。A.using使用；B.buying买；C.selling卖；D.washing洗。根据“Usually,Iwouldhurrypastsuchsellersandneverbuyanything.”可知，年轻人正在卖东西。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我注意到他是盲人时，我决定在那里站一会儿。A.fat胖的；B.deaf聋的；C.short短的；D.blind瞎的。根据第四段“Hechosetotrustpeopleevenifhecouldn’tsee.”可知，这位卖玩具的年轻人是瞎的。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，一个小女孩和她的妈妈来了，她想要一个能发出声音的玩具。A.hear听到；B.make制造；C.avoid避免；D.mind介意。makeanoise发出响声。根据“Kidslikedsuchtoysbecausethenoisesoundedreallyfunny.”可知，小女孩要买的这种玩具能发出响声。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲拿出一张20元的钞票。A.cut砍；B.kept保存；C.took带走；D.worked工作。takeout取出，拿出。根据“a20-yuannote.”可知，孩子的母亲取出20元买这个玩具。故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉年轻人她给了他多少钱，并想要回零钱。A.up向上；B.out外出；C.off离开；D.back回来。根据“Thetoywas18yuan.”可知，小女孩母亲拿出20元，玩具18元，所以需要找回零钱。故选D。【26题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：他让那位母亲把钱放在他的包里，自己去找零。A.itself它自己；B.herself她自己；C.myself我自己；D.yourself你自己。根据“Hetoldthemothertoputthemoneyinhisbagandgetthechange”可知，年轻人让母亲自己找零钱。代指母亲自己，用反身代词herself。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他让我知道相信别人是一件美好的事情。A.beautiful美好的；B.bad坏的；C.silly傻的；D.direct直接的。根据“Itbringsuswarmthandlove.”可知，信任别人是一件美好的事情，给人带来温暖和爱。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说需要18元，我告诉他我只有一张20元的钞票。A.paid支付；B.bought买；C.cost花费；D.sold卖。根据“18yuanandItoldhimthatIhadonlyone20-yuannote.”可知，作者选的玩具需要花费18元。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她惊讶地看着我，然后礼貌地感谢我，我很高兴看到她脸上的微笑。A.politely礼貌地；B.unluckily不幸地；C.simply简单地；D.angrily生气。根据“AsIwalkeddownthestreet,IsawanotherlittlegirlwithherfatherandgaveherthetoyIbought.”可知，作者把玩具给小女孩，所以小女孩对作者表示礼貌地感谢。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我一直在想，如果我们都能像那个年轻的盲人一样，学会更加信任别人，这个世界将会变得更美好。A.girl女孩；B.father父亲；C.boy男孩；D.man男人。根据“Onthebusystreet,Isawayoungman_____1_____somesmalltoysaroundthecorner.”可知，如果我们都像这个年轻的盲人小伙子，世界将变得更加美好。故选D。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thefastestdriverlesstrainisrunningonthefirstsmarthigh-speedrailwayintheworld.It_____31_____(call)Fuxing,runningontheBeijing-Zhangjiakouhigh-speedrailway.ItconnectsBeijingandZhangjiakou—thetwohost_____32_____(city)ofthe2022WinterOlympics.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaywasbuiltalonganoldhistoricrailway,theBeijing-Zhangjiakourailway.Itwasknown_____33_____thefirstrailwaydesignedandbuiltbyChinesepeoplealone.Itwascompletedin1909andwasdesignedbyZhangTianyou,the“FatherofChina’sRailway”.ThetrainontherailwayisthefirstofitskindthatiscoveredbyChina’sBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统).Thetrainrunsbetweenstationsallby_____34_____(it).Itstartsandstops,opensandclosesdoors,aswellasdealswithwhathappens_____35_____(sudden).What’smore,thetraincanberepairedbyrobots.Allthestationsalongtherailwayhavedifferentrobotstoworkforpassengers(乘客),like_____36_____(carry)luggageandgivingdirections.Thereare10stationsalongthe174-kilometerrailway.Thetraincanrun_____37_____(quick),andthetraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesiscutdown_____38_____over3hoursto47minutes.NowChinahas_____39_____(excellent)high-speedrailwaysystemintheworld.From35to350kilometersperhour,thebotholdandyoungrailwayisawitness(见证者)totherapid______40______(develop)ofChina’srailway.【答案】31.iscalled32.cities33.as34.itself35.suddenly36.carrying37.quickly38.from39.themostexcellent40.development【解析】【导语】本文的一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一条智能化自动驾驶的高速铁路——京张铁路，它同时也是全球第一条智能化自动驾驶的高速铁路。【31题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它被称为复兴号，运行在京张高速铁路上。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为it，单数，和动词call之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填iscalled。【32题详解】考查名词的数。句意：它连接了北京和张家口这两个2022年冬奥会的主办城市。根据空前的“two”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填cities。【33题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：它被称为中国人民独自设计和建造的第一条铁路。固定搭配：beknownas，意为“被……称作”。故填as。【34题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这列火车在车站之间自动运行。固定搭配：byoneself，意为：自发地、自动地。故填itself。【35题详解】考查副词。句意：它启动和停止，打开和关闭门，以及处理突然发生的事情。修饰动词happen用副词形式。故填suddenly。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路沿线的所有车站都有不同的机器人为乘客工作，比如提行李和指路。介词之后用动词的ving形式担当宾语。故填carrying。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：高铁运行速度很快，两座城市之间的旅行时间从3个多小时缩短到47分钟。修饰动词run用副词。故填quickly。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：高铁运行速度很快，两座城市之间的旅行时间从3个多小时缩短到47分钟。短语：from…to…，意为“从……到……”。故填from。【39题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：现在中国拥有世界上最优秀的高速铁路系统。根据intheworld和句意可知，空处为最高级作定语，修饰名词短语high-speedrailwaysystem，故填themostexcellent。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：从每小时35公里到350公里，这条老铁路和新铁路共同见证了中国铁路的快速发展。根据空前的rapid可知，空处为名词形式，作宾语，表示“发展”为不可数名词。故填development。第三部分书面表达(共两节,满分30分)第一节阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。WhydoChinesepeoplethinkgettingahaircutinthefirstlunarmonthwillharmtheiruncles?InChinesetradition,itissaidthatgettingahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthwouldcauseone’smother’sbrothertodie.Althoughthisisnottrue,somepeoplestillchoosetoavoidcuttingtheirhairduringthistime.TheywaituntilDragonHead-Raising(龙抬头),theseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth,tolineupoutsidebarbershops(理发店).Nobodyknowswhyhaircutshaveanythingtodowithone’suncles.Onepopulartheory(理论)saysthetraditionmighthavestartedduringtheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty(清朝).Atthetime,asnewrulers,theManchupeopleforcedtheHanpeopletocuttheirhairintheManchustyle.ManyHanpeoplerefusedtodoit.Theydecidednottocuttheirhairduringthefirstlunarmonth,sayingitwasto“commemoratetheformerdynasty”,orinChinese,“思旧”.Since“思旧”soundsverysimilarto“deaduncle”,theremayhavebeenamisunderstandingandthusthe“nohaircut”tradition.AncientChinesepeoplethoughtthatthehumanbody,includingone’sskinandhair,wassomethingthatwasnaturallygivenbyone’sparentsandshouldnotbechanged.Therefore,theycherishedtheirhairverymuchandconsideredcuttinghairtobeagreatinsult(侮辱)toone’sparents.Butthisdoesn’tmeantheynevertookcareoftheirhair.Theywouldwash,combandtrim(修整)theirhairregularly.41.WhydomanyChinesepeopleavoidcuttingtheirhairduringthefirstlunarmonth?___________________________________________________________42.Accordingtoonepopulartheory,whendidthe“nohaircut”traditionstart?___________________________________________________________43.Manypeoplerefusedtocuttheirhairandusedthefirstlunarmonthto.___________________________________________________________44.WhatdidancientChinesepeoplethinkoftheirskinandhair?___________________________________________________________45.HowdidancientChinesepeopletakecareoftheirhair?___________________________________________________________【答案】41.Becauseitissaidthatgettingahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthwouldcauseone’sunclestodie.42.DuringtheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty.43.commemoratetheformerdynasty.44.Itwassomethingthatwasnaturallygivenbyone’sparentsandshouldnotbechanged.45.Theywouldwash,combandtrimtheirhairregularly./Bywashing,combingandtrimmingtheirhairregularly.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国人正月里不剪头发的由来。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二