2022-2023学年云南省下关重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年云南省下关重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAlcantaraBoatTrip

ThissailingtripbeginsonthereservoirofAlcantara，locatedinthenorthwestofExtremadura，neartheborderofPortugalandwithintheTajoNaturalPark—25，000hectaresofparkwhichspreadsacrossSpainandPortugal.

Price：₤23peradultands19perchild（2-11yearsold）

Duration：3.5hoursMeetingpointontheAlcantarareservoir

HistoricCaceresWalkingTour

TheoldtownofCacereshasoneofthemostimpressiveartisticandhugecollectionsofbuildings.OneofthebestconservedinEurope，thisancientwalledcitywasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.Walkingaroundthehistoriccentreyouwilldiscoverancientwalls，palaces，squaresandstreetsallstillingoodcondition.

Price：₤54perperson

Duration：1.5hours

MeetingpointatPlazaMayor

Departureat11：00，17：00or20：00（summeronly）

TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour

ThisguidedwalkvisitsthemostoutstandingmonumentsofTrujillo，atowninhistory，whereitscastle，palaces，towersandhouseshaveagloriouspast.YouwilldiscoverthedevelopmentofTrujillo'shistory，itspeopleanditsmostbeautifulspots.FromthepointofTrujillo'scastleyouwillbeabletocapturethebestshots，whichduringtheeveningtourarebathedbythelightofthesunset.

Price：₤54perperson

Duration：2hours

MeetingpointatCalleTiendas

Departureat11：30，17：00，18：00

WildlifeTourintheMonfragueNationalPark

Travellingina6-seatercar，withintheMonfragueNationalPark，youwillenteroneofthebestwell-conservedMediterraneanforestsintheworldwithalargevarietyofbirds，deerandotheranimals.

Price：₤46perperson

Duration：4hours

Departureat10：00（retumat17：00）

MeetingpointinthetownofMalpartida1.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha13-year-oldkidpayforAlcantaraBoatTrip？______A.₤19. B.₤46. C.₤65. D.₤69.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetownofCaceres？______A.Ithaswell-preservedoldbuildings.

B.Ithasthemostimpressivebuildings.

C.Itattractsmanyvisitorsinwinter.

D.IthastheoldestwallsinEurope.3.Whichtouringactivitylaststhelongesttime？______A.AlcantaraBoatTrip.

B.HistoricCaceresWalkingTour.

C.TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour.

D.WildifeTourintheMonfragueNationalPark.BWe'vecertainlyseenadognursingawound，oradeercallingoutinpain.Butmanyanimalssufferinsilence.Themostsilentsufferersintheanimalworldmaybefish.

Dofishfeelpain？AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolhasfoundthatfishfeelpaininawaythat's"strikinglysimilar"tohumans.Forthestudy，LynneSneddon，fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology，reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinallandconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo.

"Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent，fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity，whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.Infact，likeus，theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches."Sneddonnotesinauniversityrelease.

Tounderstandpaininotherspecies，scientistslookatnociceptors（疼痛感受器），whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.Humanshavethemthroughouttheirskin，bonesandmuscles.Nociceptorshavealsobeenfoundinmanyotherspecies，includingeventhosetinyfruitflies.

Fishhavethesamemeanstodetectpainsignalsandtheequipmenttoreceivethem.Besides，thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.Painisanefficientmessengerthattellsusthatwe'vegotaproblem.Ananimalthatcan'tfeelitwon'tgetthatmemo，evenifithurtsitself.

"Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain，thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthem，"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirsensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."4.Whatcanwelearnaboutfish？______A.Theyareinsensitivetopain.

B.Theyareabletosensepain.

C.Theywon'treacttopainkillers.

D.Theirbrainisthefirsttosendpainsignals.5.Whatwillafishdowhenitslipsgethurt？______A.Itmightrubitslips.

B.Itwillkeepitsmouthopen.

C.Itwillswimaroundlikecrazy.

D.Itwillkeepeatingtoforgetpain.6.WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoSneddon？______A.Peoplewilltreatfishinakinderway.

B.Peoplecanunderstandevolutionbetter.

C.Peoplecandevelopmoredrugstosavefish.

D.Peoplewillthinkofmorewaystocatchfish.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"addup"probablymean？______A.Disappear. B.Putforward. C.Makesense. D.Happen.CApplelostitsstatusastheworld'sonlytrillion-dollarpubliccompanyassharesslumped（股票下跌）followingdisappointingresults.

TheiPhonemakersaidthatitwouldnolongertellhowmanyiPhones，iPadsandMatsitsellseachquarter，claimingthefigurewasnolongerrelevanttoinvestors.Theannouncement，combinedwithaforecastforthevitalChristmasquarter，sentsharesfallingbymorethan7percentinafterhourstrading，knockingover＄70billionoffits＄

Apple'sfallcamedespiteitpostingrecordprofitsandsalesafteritconvincedconsumerstobuymoreexpensiveversionsoftheiPhoneinthethreemonthstotheendofSeptember.Duringthisperioditsold46.9millioniPhones，flatonthesameperiodlastyearandbelowwhatanalystshadexpected.However，ahugeincreaseinthepriceofeachphonemeantthatiPhonerevenues（收益）increasedby29percent.Onaverage，consumersnowpay793foreachiPhone，upfrom＄618ayearago.＄

ApplehassuccessfullypusheditsusersintopayingmorefornewerversionsofitsiPhonebyaddingnewfeaturesandbiggerscreensizes，evenassalesgrowthhasdecreased.Revenuesinthequarterincreasedby20percentto62.9billion，whileprofitswereup32percentto＄14.1billion，TimCookApple'schiefexecutive，saidsaleshadbeendisappointinginsomeemergingmarketssuchasIndia，TurkeyandBrazil.

ApplesoldfewerMaccomputersandiPadsthanayearago，butsaidrevenuesfromitssoftwaredivisionhadincreasedby17percent.Applesaiditwouldcontinuetosayhowmuchrevenueitmakesfromeachofitsproductlines，whichitclaimedwasamorerelevantfigurethanunitsales.8.WhatdidtheiPhonemaker'sannouncementcause？______A.Itcausedastablemarket. B.Itcausedadropinsales.

C.Itcausedweakershares. D.Itcausedanincreaseinsales.9.HowwerethesalesofiPhonesinthethreemonthstotheendofSeptemberlastyear？______A.Theywerebetterthanthisyear.

B.Theywerethesamewiththisyear.

C.Theywerenotreportedtothepublic.

D.Theyweremoreterriblethanthisyear.10.Whydidtherevenuesincreaseasthesharesslumped？______A.Thepricewasincreased.

B.PeoplesupportediPhones.

C.Thesaleswerebeyondexpectation.

D.TheiPhonemakerstartedapromotion.11.Whatisthesituationofthesalesinsomeemergingmarkets？______A.Ithasabigmarket. B.Itisnotverywellreceived.

C.Theunitsalesaregood. D.Itisunevenaccordingtoplaces.DHousingrankshighamongthenumerouschallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforehumanscancolonize（征服）Mars.Thebravepioneersthatmakethesix-monthvoyagetotheRedPlanetwillneedaplacetoliveinassoonastheyland.Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere，ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.Now，theremaybeabitofhopethankstoMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'snewlyrevealedDigitalConstructionPlatform（DCP）.

TheDCPcomprisesadoublearmsystemthatisfittedonatrackedvehicle.Asthelargerarmmoves，thesmaller，precisionmotorroboticarmbuildsthestructurebyshootingoutthenecessaryconstructionmaterial，rangingfrominsulationfoam（绝缘泡沫）toconcrete.TheteamofresearchersledbyPh.D.StevenKeatingsaythatunlikeother3-Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure，DCP'sfreemovingsystemscanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.

TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP'sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView，CA.Therobotbeganbycreatingamoldwithexpandingfoamthathardenswhendry.Itthenconstructedthebuilding，layerbylayer，usingsensorstoraiseitselfhigherasitprogressed.Thefinalproductwasasturdy"home"thathad50-footdiameterwallsanda12-foothighroofwithroomforessentialslikeelectricitywiresandwaterpipestobeinsertedinside.Evenmoreimpressive？Ittookamere14hoursto"print"!

Theresearchers'nextplanistomaketheDCPsmartenoughtoanalyzetheenvironmentwherethestructureisgoingtobebuiltanddeterminethematerialdensitiesbestsuitedforthearea.However，that'snoteventhebestpart.FutureDCPmodelsaregoingtobesolar-powered，autonomous，and，mostimportantly，capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote，disaster-strickenareas，andperhapseventoMars，tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.12.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph？______A.HousingpioneersonMarsisareality.

B.ColonizingMarsisoutofthequestion.

C.BuildingstructuresonMarsisinthetestingphases.

D.FindingaliveableplaceonMarsisatoppriority.13.HowdoestheDCPdifferfromother3-Dprinters？______A.Itconsumeslesstime.

B.Itcomesinmoredifferentsizes.

C.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Itcanbuildmorediversestructures.14.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout？______A.ThesuccessfulcaseoftheDCP.

B.TheworkingprincipleoftheDCP.

C.TheinstructionsofusingtheDCP.

D.ThelimitationoftheDCP'sfunction.15.WhatmightbethebiggesthighlightoffutureDCP？______A.Beingpoweredbysolar.

B.Buildingsheltersanywhere.

C.Collectingbuildingmaterialsonsite.

D.Analyzingbuildingmaterialdensities.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.（1）______Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering（以货换货）.

（2）______In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshellsasmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedtradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.

Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.（3）______Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC，whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.（4）______By500BC，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.

About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.（5）______

A.Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesincreased.

B.Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.

C.Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.

D.ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.

E.However，astheeconomydeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.

F.Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.

G.Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）EventhoughitwasonlyOctober，mystudentswerealreadywhisperingaboutChristmasplans.Witheachpassingdayeveryonebecamemore（1）______waitingforthefinalschoolbell.Uponitsringingeveryonewouldrunfortheircoatsandgohome，everyoneexceptDavid.

Davidwasasmallboyinraggedclothes.IhadoftenwonderedwhatkindofhomelifeDavidhad，andwhatkindofmothercouldsendhersontoschooldressedso（2）______forthecoldwintermonths，withoutacoat，boots，orgloves.ButsomethingmadeDavid（3）______.Icanstillrememberhewasalways（4）______asmileandwillingtohelp.Healwaysstayedafterschooltostraightenchairsandmopthefloor.Wenevertalkedmuch.He（5）______justsmileandaskwhatelsehecoulddo，thenthankmeforlettinghimstayandslowly（6）______home.

Weekspassedandthe（7）______overthecomingChristmasgrewintorestlessnessuntilthelastdayof（8）______beforetheholidaybreak.Ismiledin（9）______asthelastofthemhurriedoutthedoor.Turningaround，IsawDavidquietlystandingbymydesk.

"Ihavesomethingforyou，"hesaid（10）______frombehindhisbackasmallbox.（11）______ittome，hesaidanxiously，"Openit."Itooktheboxfromhim，thankedhimandslowlyunwrappedit.IliftedthelidandtomysurpriseIsawnothing.IlookedatDavid'ssmilingfaceandsaid，"Theboxisnice，David，butit's（12）______."

"Ohno，itisn't，"saidDavid."It'sfulloflove.Mymumtoldmebeforeshediedthatlovewassomethingyoucouldn'tseeortouchunlessyouknowit'sthere."

Tearsfilledmyeyes（13）______IlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadrarelygiven（14）______to.AfterthatChristmas，DavidandIbecamegoodfriendsandIneverforgotthemeaning（15）______thelittleemptyboxsetonmydesk.21.

A.cautious B.courageous C.serious D.anxious22.

A.modestly B.naturally

C.inaccurately D.inappropriately23.

A.popular B.upset C.special D.funny24.

A.expressing B.delivering C.wearing D.sharing25.

A.would B.should C.might D.could26.

A.aimat B.turnto C.putoff D.headfor27.

A.argument B.excitement C.movement D.judgement28.

A.school B.year C.education D.programme29.

A.relief B.return C.vain D.control30.

A.searching B.finding C.raising D.pulling31.

A.Holding B.Handing C.Sending D.Leaving32.

A.cheap B.empty C.useless D.improper33.

A.as B.until C.because D.though34.

A.advice B.support C.attention D.command35.

A.from B.behind C.over D.towards四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

WhichmoviedidyouwatchduringtheSpringFestival？

TheWanderingEarthII，sequeltosci-fiblockbuster.TheWanderingEarth，wasthemostanticipatednewfilmonChineseticketingplatform.TheWanderingEarth（1）______（top）therankingsduringthe2019ChineseLunarNewYearfilmseason.

ChinesedirectorZhangYimou'sFullRiverRedwasalsooneof2023'smostanticipated（2）______（film）.ThenameFullRiverRedcomesfromapoem（3）______（write）byYueFei，amilitarygeneralwholivedduringtheSouthermSongDynasty（1127-1279）inwhichthefilmisset，andwaswell-knownforhispatriotismandloyaltytohiscountry.

HiddenBlade，starringTonyLeungfromHongKong（4）______ChinesemainlandstarWangYibo，wasalsoscheduledtopremiere（首映）duringthe2023ChineseLunarNewYear.Thefilmtells（5）______storysetduringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression（1931-1945）.

DeepSea，aChineseanimationfeature，wasalsoreleasedduringthe2023ChineseLunarNewYear.Thedirector，TianXiaopeng，isknown（6）______his2015animatedfilmMonkeyKing：HeroisBack，（7）______earned955millionyuan.Tiansaidinaninterviewthathe（8）______（spend）sevenyearsmakingDeepSea.Setunderwater，ittellsthestoryofagirl'sjourneyexploringthe（9）______（mystery）seaworld.

Filmcriticssaidhigh-qualityfilmswithboxofficeappealcan（10）______（effective）acceleratetherecoveryoftheindustryandpredictedthatthetotalboxofficeforthisseasonwouldexceed7billionyuan.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.你校正举办主题为MyEnglishlearningexperience的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1.你遇到的困难；

2.你是如何克服的；

3.你的建议。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

IwaswalkingalongtheroadtoschoolonedayandImetmyfriendRaine.Hesuggestedthatweskipschoolandgotothemovies.Irefusedasmydadwasveryfierceandstrict.Aftermuchpersuasion,Igavein.TherewasaWillSmithmovieonandIwasafan.

Sowesetofftothemoviestogether,boughtourtickets,popcornanddrinksandsettleddowncomfortably.Aswewereearly,thelightswerestillon.Wewatchedpeoplecomeingroups,familiesandtherewerecouplestoo.Someofthemlookedlikeschoolstudentsplayingtruant(逃学)likeus.AsIturnedaround,IcaughtaglimpseofmyuncleAndyandAuntJanewalkingin.Theywerekindandcaredaboutmeverymuch.Isankintomyseatquicklytoavoidbeingspotted.IsignaledtoRainethattherewassomeoneIdidn'twanttoseeandRainemadeitmoreobviousbyturningaroundandasking"Who?Andwhere?"loudly.Itmademesitevenlowerinmyseat.

Tomakethingsworse,theycameandsatintherowbehindusandweresayingtoeachotherhowIwouldhavelovedtocometothismovieasIadoredWillSmith.Theywereevencommentingaboutthestudentsplayingtruant.SoonthemoviebeganandIwasgladwhenthelightswereturnedoffbutIdidn'tenjoythemovieatallforfearofbeingspotted.So,Isattherelikeanastronaut,peeringoverthefrontseat.

EverynowandthenIwouldsecretlytakeaquicklookatmyauntanduncle.Iwassuretheywerealsolookingatme.Feelingnervousandanxious,IkeptwonderinghowIcouldleavethecinemawithoutbeingnoticed.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Whenthemovieendedandthelightscameon,Iremainedseated.

​​​​​​​_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

Infrontofusweremyauntanduncle,waitingatthegate.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、D、A【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据AlcantaraBoatTrip部分第二段句子Price：￡23peradultand￡19perchild（2-11yearsold）可知，每个成年人23英镑，2-11岁孩子每个人19英镑，可推测出13岁的孩子票价与成年人一样，故两个大人和一个13岁的孩子，总票价69英镑。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据HistoricCáceresWalkingTour部分第一段句子OneofthebestpreservedinEurope，thisancientwalledcitywasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.（可知，这座有城墙的古城是欧洲保存最完好的古城之一，1986年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产）可知，卡塞雷斯镇拥有欧洲最古老的城墙。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据Duration部分AlcantaraBoatTrip（Duration：3.5hours），HistoricCáceresWalkingTour（Duration：1.5hours），TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour（Duration：2hours）和WildlifeTourintheMonfragüeNationalPark（Duration：3hours）可知，持续时间最长的是3.5小时，是AlcantaraBoatTrip。故选A。

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个旅游路线的具体行程安排、价格和时间等相关信息。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】B、A、A、C【解析】（1）B．细节理解题．由第二段的句子"For

the

study，Lynne

Sneddon，from

the

university's

Institute

of

Integrative

Biology，reviewed

the

existing

body

of

research-98

studies

in

all-and

concluded

that

they

feel

pain

just

as

sharply

as

we

do．在这项研究中，来自该大学综合生物学研究所的LynneSneddon回顾了现有的98项研究，并得出结论，他们和我们一样感到疼痛．"可知，在这项研究中，从现有的98项研究得出结论，鱼类和我们一样感到疼痛，说明鱼能感受疼痛，B项切题，A项排除．由第三段的句子""When

subject

to

a

potentially

painful

event，fish

show

changes

in

behavior

such

as

stopping

feeding

and

reduced

activity，which

are

prevented

when

a

pain-relieving

drug

is

provided．"当受到潜在痛苦事件的影响时，鱼类表现出行为上的变化，如停止进食和活动减少，而当提供止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止．"

可知，鱼受伤会停止进食和减少活动，而当提供止痛药物时，这些都会被阻止，所以对止疼药有反应，排除C项；由第四段的第一句"To

understand

pain

in

other

species，scientists

look

at

nociceptors，which

send

signals

to

the

brain

when

the

body

is

being

damaged．为了了解其他物种的疼痛，科学家们研究了伤害感受器，当身体受到损伤时，伤害感受器向大脑发送信号．"可知，当身体受到损伤时，疼痛感受器会向大脑发送信号，不是大脑发送的，排除D项．故选B．

（2）A．推理判断题．由第三段的句子"

In

fact，like

us，they

breathe

heavily

and

stop

eating

when

they're

hurting．They

will

even

rub

the

part

of

their

body

that

aches．"

Sneddon

notes

in

a

university

release．事实上，和我们一样，它们也会呼吸沉重，在受伤时停止进食，甚至会摩擦身体疼痛的部位．"

可知，鱼受伤时和我们一样，呼吸沉重，停止进食，甚至会摩擦身体疼痛的部位，可以推理出鱼的嘴唇受伤时鱼会摩擦自己的嘴唇．故选A．

（3）A．推理判断题．由最后一段""If

we

accept

fish

experience

pain，then

this

has

great

significance

for

how

we

treat

them，"

Sneddon

says．

"Care

should

be

taken

when

handling

fish

to

avoid

damaging

their

sensitive

skin

and

they

should

be

humanely

caught

and

killed．斯奈登说："如果我们接受鱼类遭受的痛苦，那么这对我们如何对待它们具有重要意义．在处理鱼类时，应小心避免损坏它们敏感的皮肤，并应人道地捕获和杀死它们．"说明研究鱼会让我们更小心地对待鱼，尽量避免鱼感受痛苦．故选A．

（4）C．词义猜测题．根据划线词所在的句子"Besides，the

fishermen's

opinion

that

fish

feel

no

pain

just

doesn't

addup

from

an

evolutionary

view．Pain

is

an

efficient

messenger

that

tells

us

that

we've

got

a

problem．An

animal

that

can't

feel

it

won't

get

that

memo（备忘录），even

if

it

hurts

itself．此外，渔民们认为鱼不会感到疼痛的观点，从进化论的观点来看，也不（）疼痛是一个有效的信息传递者，它告诉我们，我们遇到了问题．一个感觉不到的动物，即使伤害了自己，也不会得到那份备忘录．"可知add

up本意意为"相加、台乎情理、说得通、积少成多"．结合选项：A．Disappear消失；B．Put

forward提出；C．Make

sense讲得通，有意义；D．Happen发生．故选C．

这是一篇议论文．文章讲述了一项研究，研究表明鱼可以感觉疼痛，鱼感到疼痛后做法与人相似，会停止进食和减少活动；科学家们观察了其它物种疼痛感受器，了

解了疼痛感受器是如何运作的，Sneddon呼吁人们人道主义地对待鱼．

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

8~11.【答案】C、B、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Theannouncement，combinedwithaforecastforthevitalChristmasquarter，sentsharesfallingbymorethan7percentinafter-hourstrading，knockingover＄70billionoffitsvalue.（苹果公司的公告，加上对关键的圣诞季的预测，导致股价在盘后交易中下跌超过7%，市值蒸发逾700亿美元。）可知，苹果公司的公告导致股价下跌。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Duringthisperiod，itsold46.9millioniPhones，flatonthesameperiodlastyearandbelowwhatanalystshadexpected.（今年在截止9月底的三个月里，iPhone销量为4690万部，与去年同一时期持平，不过低于分析预期。）可知，去年同一个时期的销量和今年是一样的。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。第三段中提到itconvincedconsumerstobuymoreexpensiveversionsoftheiPhone（苹果公司说服消费者购买了更昂贵的iPhone版本）；第四段中提到ApplehassuccessfullypusheditsusersintopayingmorefornewerversionsofitsiPhonebyaddingnewfeaturesandbiggerscreensizes.（通过增加新功能和更大屏幕，苹果成功地迫使用户为新版iPhone支付更多费用。）由此可知，虽然股价下跌，但是苹果公司说服消费者为新功能、更大的屏幕花了比之前更多的钱，也就是价格上涨了。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据第四段中Tim

Cook

Apple's

chief

executive，said

sales

had

been

disappointing

in

some

emerging

markets

such

as

India，Turkey

and

Brazil（苹果的CEOTim

Cook表示在诸如印度、土耳其和巴西这样的新兴市场中，苹果的销量让人失望。）可知，在这些新兴市场中，苹果并不是很受欢迎。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。作为世界上唯一的万亿美元的上市公司，苹果公司股票下跌；但是苹果公司说服消费者购买更昂贵的iPhone版本，从而实现了利润的增长。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere，ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.（虽然最好的解决方案是在结构到达之前做好准备，但到目前为止，这是一个挑战，因为大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室）可推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段的...unlikeother3—Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure，DCP'sfreemovingsystemcanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.（……与其他3

D打印机不同的是，DCP的自由移动系统只能用于构建任何尺寸的结构）可知，与其他3

D打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋。故选D。

（3）段落大意题。根据第三段的TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP'sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView，CA.（该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了DCP的建筑技能）可知，本段主要介绍了DCP的成功案例。故选A。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段的mostimportantly，capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote，disaster-strickenareas，andperhapseventoMars，tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.（最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件。这意味着机器人可以被送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所）可知，未来DCP的最大亮点是可以现场收集建筑材料。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院（MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology）最新公布的数字建设平台（DCP）将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】F、E、C、G、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.（在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用许多不同种类的东西进行买卖。）可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖；选项F"例如，在那段时间里，买一只鸡可能要花几个土豆。"用一个例子来说明那个时代用交换不同的东西进行买卖，选项中的"Duringthattime"指代上文"Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin"；下文Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering（以货换货）.（这种商品和服务与其他商品和服务的交换被称为物物交换。）对上文的这种买卖行为进行了定义。故选F。

（2）联系上文题。上文第一段讲述了在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用以货换货进行买卖；下文In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshellsasmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedtradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.（公元前1200年，中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币。通常用作货币的贝壳都很小。这使得人们更容易远距离携带货币，并促进了国内不同地区之间的贸易发展。）说明随着时代的发展，新的买卖形式出现，以货换货被货币买卖所取代，在公元前1200年中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币，贝壳便于携带，促进了贸易的发展；E选项"然而，随着经济的发展，这种交换变得不切实际。"承接第一段，说明随着经济发展以货换货变得不切实际，此句承上启下，选项中的"suchexchanges"指代第一段中的"bartering"，符合语境。故选E。

（3）联系上文题。由上文Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.（在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做。）可知，在中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币之后，许多国家也开始使用贝壳作为货币；由此可知，C选项"他们也使用小贝壳作为买卖的货币。"符合语境，选项中的"They"指代上文中的"manyothercountries"。故选C。

（4）联系上文题。上文Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.（没过多久，中国人就用金属制造了圆形硬币。）介绍了货币的进一步的发展，即中国人制造了圆形硬币；G选项"最初的硬币上通常有洞，这样人们就可以把它们串在一起。"承接上文，对当时的圆形硬币进行描述，符合语境。故选G。

（5）联系上文题。上文About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.（大约一千年后，皮革在中国被用作货币，公元806年，中国人印制了第一张纸币。）进一步介绍货币的发展历程，中国是最早发明纸币的国家；D选项"许多年后纸币才在欧洲出现。"说明其他国家使用纸币比中国晚了很多年，符合语境，选项中的"papercurrency"与上文"banknotes"意义一致。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了货币在中国的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属货币，最后发明了纸币，中国是世界上最早发明贝壳货币、金属货币和纸币的国家。

关于选句填空的做题步骤：

步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。

步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】D、D、C、C、A、D、B、A、A、D、B、B、A、C、B【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cautious谨慎的；B.courageous勇敢的；C.serious严肃的；D.anxious焦急的，急切的。句意：随着日子一天天过去，大家都更加急切地等待着最后的上课铃声。根据本句"waitingforthefinalschoolbell"可知每个人更加急切地等待着最后的上课铃声。故选D。

（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.modestly谨慎地；B.naturally自然地；C.inaccurately不准确地；D.inappropriately不适当地。句意：我常常想知道大卫的家庭生活是什么样的，想知道什么样的母亲会让儿子在寒冷的冬天，不穿外套，不穿靴子，也不戴手套，穿着如此不合适的衣服去上学。根据本句"forthecoldwintermonths，withoutacoat，boots，orgloves."可知大卫穿得衣服在这个季节并不合适。故选D。

（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.popular流行的；B.upset沮丧的；C.special特别的；D.funny有趣的。句意：但有些东西让大卫与众不同。上文中说David穿得不好，下文中说作者能记得的是大卫脸上一直挂着微笑，总是乐于助人。由此说明他很特别。故选C。

（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.expressing表达；B.delivering发表；C.wearing流露，穿着；D.sharing分享。句意：我还记得他总是面带微笑，乐于助人。结合后文"asmileandwillingtohelp"可知此处指大卫总是面带微笑，短语wearasmile"面带笑容"。故选C。

（5）考查情态动词及语境理解。A.would将会；B.should应该；C.might可能；D.could能够。句意：他只会微笑着问我还能做些什么，然后感谢我让他留下来，然后慢慢地回家。结合上文可知事情发生在过去，指大卫总是会微笑着问作者自己还能做什么，此处指过去习惯性的动作应用