【2021年】山西省太原市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

【2021年】山西省太原市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、1.Writing(10题)1.1．出境旅游人数增多，游客不文明现象成为公众关注的焦点；

2．分析此现象造成的不良影响；

3．如何在出境游中做文明游客。

2.Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:"WhatDoYouThinkofChallenge?"Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.挑战的意义

2.如何迎接挑战

3.我的看法

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheMarvelsofMedicineintheTwentiethCentury.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.Introduction:Advancesinmedicalscience—themostimportantachievementsmadeinthetwentiethcentury

1.Developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics

2.Discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods

3.Adventofgeneticengineering,anewbranchofbiology

Concludingremarks:Evengreaterwonderstobewroughtinthe21stcentury

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:WhyDotheViewersLikeWatchingSportPrograms?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandoutlinebelow:

1．简要分析图表

2．分析观众喜欢看体育节目的原因

WhyDotheViewersLikeWatchingSportPrograms?

5.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritealetterofcomplainttotheconsumers'associationofthecity.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyouretteronthesituationgivenbelow:

1.你于2006年1月1日在本市XX商场买了部XX牌手机。

2．等回家后你发现这部手机里已经存贮了解一些陌生的电话号码。也就是说这部手机是被使用过的。当你返回该商场要求退货时，售货员不承认此手机是使用过的，也拒绝退货。

3．要求市消费者协会对此事进行了调查，维护你的利益，并留下你的联系方式。

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicEconomicDevelopmentandMol'-alDecline.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.近年来我国经济建设取得了很大成就；

2．但与此同时，社会风气随着经济的发展也日益下降；

3.我的观点……

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:MyViewonPart-timeJobs.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.近年来越来越多的大学生都有社会兼职工作，人们对此现象有不同的看法。

2.有人认为兼职工作最好事，可以……有人认为兼了只工作有一些弊端……

3.你的看法

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.Supposeyouaregraduatingfromtheuniversitythissummerandyouaregoingtoapplyforajob.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:

1.假设你是一位即将毕业于复旦大学电子计算机系的学生，你从报纸上看到某公司招聘一名电子计算机工程技术口译人员的广告，请你写一封求职信说明你应聘的理由。

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.有人认为读书要有选择

2.有人认为应当博览群书

3.我的看法

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheIncreaseintheNumberofChineseTravelingAbroad,Youshouldwriteatleastl5Owordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.说明这一现象

2．解释产生这种现象的原因

3．预测未来的趋势

(说明：中国游客出国旅游开始于1997年。据统计，当年全国出境旅游的人数为520万人次，到2006年出境旅游的人数已超过3000万人次。)

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10题)11.

Accordingtothepassage,landcanbepollutedby______fromagriculture.

A.heavymetals

B.pesticidesandnitrate-poorfertilizers

C.slurryfromlivestock

D.rubbish

12.

Studentsgetmoneyfromnotonlyfederalloansbutalso______.

13.

EvaluationsrevealthatAmericanyoungstersarenotobsessedwith______andinneedofreassurance.

14.

IntheUnitedStates,cabletelevisionhadcometonearlyfiftypercentofthehomesby______.

A.1948B.1940sC.1970sD.1990s

15.SlashYourBills—6WaystoKeepMoreCash

Likealotofhardworkingcouples,IlahandDennisHardestyofLongBeach,California,livepaychecktopaycheck.Their$1,200monthlyrenteatsupabouthalfofDennis'stake-homepayasamanagerforaracingcarenginemanufacturer.Privateschooltuitionfortheirthreeteenstakesanother$400bite.IncomefromIlah'stwopart-timejobs—asafitnesstrainerandschoolsecretary—disappearsatthegasstationandthegrocerystore.

Thebottomline?Evenwithnocarpaymentsandjust$300increditcarddebt,thefamilybarelygetsby."Wedon'thaveapennyinsavings",saysIlah."No,Iactuallydohaveonecentinmyaccount".

Withinflationoutpacingwagegrowthinrecentyears,it'snothardtofindfamiliesliketheHardestysrunningoutofmoneybeforetheyrunoutofmonth.Accordingtothenonpartisan(无党派的)EconomicPolicyInstitute,whichstudieslower-andmiddle-classeconomictrends,themedianhourlywageofanAmericanworkerafterinflationislesstodaythanin2003.Theresultislessbuyingpowerafterthebillsarepaid.

Thesedays,inflationishoveringaroundthreepercent,soanyonewhoremembersthedouble-digitpricespikesofthe1970smightwonderwhatallthefussisabout.Butevenmoderateinflationtakesitstoll,sayspersonalfinanceexpertJonathanPond,authorofYouCanDoIt!TheBoomer'sGuidetoaGreatRetirement.Infact,annualinflationofjustthreepercentdoublesthecostoflivingevery23or24years.Meanwhile,someessentialexpenses—energy,healthcare,highereducation—arefaroutpacingtheinflationindex.Nowonderfamiliesarefeelingpinched.

Pincheddoesn'thavetomeanpowerless,though.Here,then,aresixwaystosavemoneyonthebigbills.

EducationOptions

Here'sapopquiz:Who'sturnedoutmovecurrentCEOsofS&P500corporations—HarvardortheUniversityofWisconsin?Pencilsup:They'rerunningneckandneck,accordingtoarecentstudybySpencerStuart,anexecutiverecruitingfirm.Thestudyreinforceswhatshouldbecommonsense:There'snodirectcorrelationbetweenwhereachildgoestoundergraduateschoolandlatersuccess.Infact,thepriceyIviestrainedonlytenpercentofthoseCEOs.

Soifyourfamily'sbudgetfavorsStateCollegeoverSnootyU.,don'tsweatit.Kidswhoaremotivatedwillsucceed,nomatterthecoloroftheircapandgown.Lookforqualityinstitutionsinyourarea.Consideralocalfour-yearcollegeandsaveonmomandboard.

Oroptforacommunitycollegethefirsttwoyears(tuitionisbargain-basement),thenfinishupatastateschoolorprivateuniversity.Don'tforget:Onceyourchildmovesonto,say,Tufts,hewillgetaTuftsdiploma.

Financialplannersalsosuggestthatparentsgiveprioritytotheirownretirementsavingsovercollegefunds,sincetherearenoloans,grantsorscholarshipsforsurvivingyoursenioryears.

TakingCareofHealthCare

Likeeducation;healthcarecostshavebeenoutpacinginflation,whichisonereasonwhyemployersareshiftingmoreoftheinsuranceburdentoindividuals.Tocontroltheexpense,manypeopleareoptingforhigherdeductiblesandlowermonthlypremiums.What'smore,saysPond,"four-fifthsofAmericansenjoyprettydarn(非常)goodhealthandcouldbesafechoosingapolicywithfewerbellsandwhistles.Ifnooneinyourfamilyusesexpensivepharmaceuticals,whypayforahigh-priceddrugbenefit?"

Butwhathappensifyousuddenlyneedacostlylong-termdrug?Manypoliciesallowyoutoupgradetoaplanwithbetterbenefits,afterasix-monthwaitingperiod.YoumightalsocheckoutWalMart.Thecompanyrecentlystartedaprogramin27statestofill30-daygenericprescriptionsforjust$4each.Nearly300drugsarecovered.Amongthemarecloni

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16.

Towithdrawlightphysicaladdictiontoalcohol,apersonshoulddealwithitbyaskingfor______.

17.

WhatcanyoulearnaboutthetrademarkprotectionintheU.S.?

A.Itpreventsaproductfrombeingcopied.

B.Ittellstheconsumerswhatkindofproductitis.

C.Itgivestheinventororauthorexclusiveright.

D.Itisgrantedbythesameofficethatgrantsthepatent.

18.

OneoftheeducationalactivitiesinEastHarlemHealthyHeartprogramis____________________.

19.PassageOne

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,miditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone'sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenweresellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiques(古玩)tovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Therehasbeenacontraction(衰退)ofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer'sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womenprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshoppinginsteadofqueuingup(排队)atasupermarket.Andtheownerknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing.Thewealthiercustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlytohintatafancyforsomecommodity(商品)outsidetheusualstockandthegrocer,ared-facedfigure,instantlyobtainsitforthem.

Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinginmyselftothebigbattalions(队伍)ofindustryorcommerce.

PassageTwo

TodaythegamereservesofEastAfricaarefacinganumberofthreats.Althoughtheyearnconsiderablerevenuebyattractingtourists,theytakeuplandwhichisincreasinglysoughtbythelocalpeople.Whilethesereservesfeedandprotectanimals,theyareindangerofturningintobarrenareasordeserts.Trees,shrubsandgrassaregraduallybeingeatenbygrazingherds.

Anotherproblemistobefoundinthechangingattitudesoftheanimalsthemselves.Manyofthemarelosingtheirhereditary(天生的)fearofman.Inthiswaytheymaybecomeadangertovisitorsandthustothemselves.Attacksonvehiclesarebeginningtoincrease,anditispossiblethattheproblemswillbecomeseriousinafewyears'time.

Theproblemofshortageoflandisnotasimpleone.Asthepopulationincreases,moreandmorepeoplelookhungrilyatthelandsetasideforgamereserves.TheyclaimthataGovernment'sfirstdutyistoitsinhabitantsandnottotouristsortowildanimals.Despitetheincomeobtainedfromtourism,thisisanargumentwhichitisdifficulttoanswersatisfactorily.

PassageThree

Beforethe1930's,workerswereonlypaidaslongastheywere"smart."Iftheyweresmartenoughnottobeill,theywerepaid.Iftheyweresmartenoughnottobeinjured,theywerepaid.Andiftheywereverysmart,theywouldfindstrengthtoworkeverydayuntiltheydied.Whenpeoplewerenotthis"smart,"theylookedforhelp.Theirfamilies,privatecharities,andchurchesdidwhattheycould.Allofthesegroupshelpedwhentheeconomywashealthy.

WhentheDepressionhit,families,charities,andchurcheswereweakened.Andtherewasmoreneedofthemthaneverbefore.PatCauley,aconstructionworker,keptadiary.Hereisanentryfrom1932:"Wenttochurch.Isaidthefamilyneededsomethingtokeepgoing.Gotnicesermon(说教).Camehome,pocketsempty."Cauley'sstorywastoldbymillionsofothers.Evenwhencharitiesdidhelp,peoplewerenotcompletelyhappy.Peopleonsouplinesdidnetstarve.Buttheirpride

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20.

Peoplechoosetoprocrastinatebecausetheyhavetodealwithdifferentkindsofcomplexwork.

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三、3.ListeningComprehension(10题)21.听力原文：M:Hi,Claire.Howdoesitfeeltobebackoncampus?

W:Keith,hi.Well,totellyouthetruth,Ihavemixedfeelings.

M:Oh,why?

W:IhadthisgreatsummerjobthatIreallyhatedtoleave.IworkedattheWildlifeResearchCenterinMaryland.

M:Thatmakessenseforageneticsmajor.Whatdidyoudo?Cleanthecages?

W:Itisawildlifecenter,notazoo.Theplacebreedsendangeredspeciesandtriestopreparethemforlifeinthewild.

M:Youmeantheendangeredspecieslikethetigerandthepanda?

W:Well,endangeredspecies,yes.Butnottigersorpandas.Iwasworkingwithwhoopingcranesandsandtailcranes.Itwasreallyneat.Itaughtthebabycraneshowtoeatanddrink,andIhelpedthevetgivemedicalcheck-ups.

M:Icanseewhyitwashardtoleavethejob.Buthowdidyouteachabirdhowtoeatanddrink?

W:Wecoveredourselvesupwithclothesandusedpuppetsmadeoutofstuffedcranestoshowthebabychickswhattodo.Thenthechickscopiedwhatthepuppetsdid.

M:Clothes?Puppets?Soundslikefun.

W:Itwas.Theclothesandpuppetswereallkeytoolsofthis.Weallcoveredourselvesup,thescientists,thevets,thejuniorstaff,everybody.Yousee,babycraneswillbecomeattachedtotheircare-takers.

M:Soifthecare-takerisaperson,thecranewillstayinplaceswherepeopleare.

W:Yeah.Andtheirchancesforsurvivalaren'tgood.Butbycoveringourselvesupandbyusingbirdpuppetsthechicksaremorelikelytoseekoutotherbirdsratherthanpeople.Andtheirtransitiontothewildhasabetterchanceofbeingsuccessful.

M:Achanceofbeingsuccessful?Hasn'tthisbeendonebefore?

W:It'sbeendonewithsandtailcranesandeveryoneisoptimisticaboutitworkingwithwhoopingcranes,too.

M:Yeah.It'sexciting,isn'tit?

(20)

A.Thebirdswon'tlearntokeepawayfrompeople.

B.Shemightchangehermajor.

C.Therearemoreendangeredspeciesinzoosthaninthewild.

D.Shewasn'tquitereadytocomebacktocampus.

22.

【B2】

23.

【B9】

24.(36)

A.2-5B.3-5C.2-4D.3-4

25.(21)

A.Togiveanexampleofinequality.

B.Toshowthepositivesideofequality.

C.Toshowanexampleoftherolemodel.

D.Toemphasizethatwomenaresuperiortomen.

26.(29)

A.Becauseabelltowerwastobebuiltonthesite.

B.Becauseitwasfoundunsafe.

C.Becauseaparkinglotwastobeconstructedthere.

D.Becausenoonewantedtopreserveit.

27.听力原文：Asatradition,workersincompaniesarealwaysrequiredtowearsuitsandtie,butaccordingtoaseniorgovernmentofficial,Thailandistoaskworkerstostopwearingsuitsaspartofthecountry'slatestmeasuretoconserveenergy.Thisistheideaofthenewgovernment,becauseThailandisatropicalcountryandair-conditionershavebeenusedverycommonly,whichconsumealargeamountofenergy,butiftheworkersturnedupinshirtsleeves,theywouldn'tneedair-conditionersturnedupsohigh.Atitsweeklymeeting,thecabinetpassedaresolutionaskingallpublicservantsnottowearjacketsandurgingprivateemployeestodothesame.Thishasalreadybeenpractisedbythegovernment.Atarecentmeeting,onlyfourofsixair-conditionersinthecabinetroomhadbeenturnedon.Oneofthegovernmentofficialssays,"Initiallyitwasnothotintheroom,butifameetinglastsalongtime,thetemperaturemightneedtobeloweredabit."

(30)

A.NewFashioninThailand.

B.HowtoUseAir-conditionerwisely.

C.ANewWaytoSaveEnergy.

D.Air-conditionerinThailand.

28.(25)

A.BecausemanyarchitectsstudiedwithWright.

B.BecauseWrightstartedthepracticeoflandscapeintegrating.

C.BecauseWrightusedelementsofenvelopebuilding.

D.BecausemostofthehousesWrightbuiltweremadeofstone.

29.(22)

A.Theycanmeetformallyatfirst.

B.Theycandatealongwithhimandhisgirlfriend.

C.Theycangotoseeaplaytogether.

D.Theycanmakeaphonecallfirst.

30.听力原文：W：Ihavetosetoffat7o'clockinthemorningtoattenda10o'clockclasseverymorning．Ican'tstandthisanylonger．

M：Yourbrother'scollegeisevenfartherthanyours．Haveyouheardhimsayinganything?

Q：Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Settingoffat7o'clockisnobigdeal.

B.Sheshouldarrangeherlifebetter.

C.Herbrothercantellherwhattodo.

D.Sheshouldnotcomplainit.

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3题)31.

Totheauthor'sgranddaughtertheword"ripping"______.

A.hasaclearermeaningthanitdoesfortheauthor

B.isunacceptablebecauseitisslang

C.seemsstrangeandold-fashioned

D.meansmuchthesameassmashing

32.

AccordingtoFrankRoberto,whatisthedifficultyforAmericanresearchers'mass-productionofmusselglue?

A.Thegenenumberthatisknownisnotenough.

B.Musselsaremuchsmarterthanwethink.

C.Theycan'tcopytheblendofproteinsofmussel.

D.Musselshaveanamazingpowerharmfultoman.

33.

TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod______.

A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals

B.isbeyonddisputebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern

C.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics

D.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying

五、5.ErrorCorrection(3题)34.

【S8】

35.

【S4】

36.Fearsofdeatharenotsoextensiveasmightbesupposed.

Inapublicopinionpollof1500adults,onlyabout4

percentshowedevidenceofdirectfearingtheirowndeath.【S1】______

Thosefearsthatdoexistapparentlychangewithage.Hall

foundthatyoungerindividualsfeartheoccurofdeath,【S2】______

whereasoldpeoplefearthecircumstancesofdeath.Inanother【S3】______

study,elderlypatientswereratedforsignsoffear

beforedeath.

Itwasfoundthatfeelingsofacceptance,anticipation,

and,insomecases,apathy,faroutnumberinstancesoffear【S4】______

beforedeath.

Thesefindingsseemtoindicateagenerallackoffear

aboutdeath,butthereisotherpossibleinterpretation.It【S5】______

maybemoreaccuratetosaythattheyreflectadeeply

ingrainedtendencytodenytherealityofdeath.Themere

factthatdeathhasbeensomethingofataboosubject

suggestthatunderlyingfearsdoexist.WhenPsychology【S6】______

Todaysurveyeditsreadersonthesubjectofdeath,

itwasfoundthatlessthanone-thirdsofthosewho【S7】______

repliedtogrewupinfamiliesinwhichdeathwasopenly【S8】______

talkedabout.Theaverageperson'sexposureofdeath【S9】______

unfortunatelyconsistsoftheartificialandobviouslyunrealistic

portrayalsofdeathonTV.Ithasbeenestimatedthatby

thetimeapersonis14yearsold,heorshewillwitness18【S10】______

000TVdeaths.Withalmostnoexceptionthesewillhave

beenhomicides,notdeathsduetoillnessoraging.

【S1】

六、6.ErrorCorrection(3题)37.

【S7】

38.

【S10】

39.

【S9】

参考答案

1.BeaCivilizedTourist[1]Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandardsmoreandmoreChineseenjoytravelingabroadtheseyears.[2]Unfortunatelymanytouriststravelingabroadhavenotbehavedthemselveswell.[3]Theytalkloudlyinpublicplacesdroprubbisheverywherejumpqueuesandignorelocalregulations.[4]Someevenscribbleintouristattractionsleavingmarksonscenicspots.[5]Alltheuncivilizedbehaviorhascausedbadeffect.[6]Ithasbroughtinconveniencestolocalpeopleandhasmadethescenicspotsdirtyandlesspopular.[7]BesidesithasleftabadimpressiononthelocalpeoplewhomightthusthinkthatalltheChinesepeopleareinconsiderateandimpolite.[8]Thenhowcanwebecivilizedandcourteoustourists?[9]Ithinkthekeytobeingapopulartourististo"DoinRomeastheRomansdo."[10]Thereforeweneedfirstlearntheforeignculturesandlocalconventionsandcustomsbeforewegotravelingabroad.Thenweshouldalwaysbewareandtrytogetridofourbadhabitswhenweareinaforeignplace.[11]Onlyinthiswaycanourexperienceabroadbepleasantandfruitful.BeaCivilizedTourist[1]Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,moreandmoreChineseenjoytravelingabroadtheseyears.[2]Unfortunately,manytouriststravelingabroadhavenotbehavedthemselveswell.[3]Theytalkloudlyinpublicplaces,droprubbisheverywhere,jumpqueues,andignorelocalregulations.[4]Someevenscribbleintouristattractions,leavingmarksonscenicspots.[5]Alltheuncivilizedbehavior.hascausedbadeffect.[6]Ithasbroughtinconveniencestolocalpeople,andhasmadethescenicspotsdirtyandlesspopular.[7]Besides,ithasleftabadimpressiononthelocalpeople,whomightthusthinkthatalltheChinesepeopleareinconsiderateandimpolite.[8]Then,howcanwebecivilizedandcourteoustourists?[9]Ithinkthekeytobeingapopulartourististo"DoinRomeastheRomansdo."[10]Therefore,weneedfirstlearntheforeignculturesandlocalconventionsandcustomsbeforewegotravelingabroad.Thenweshouldalwaysbewareandtrytogetridofourbadhabitswhenweareinaforeignplace.[11]Onlyinthiswaycanourexperienceabroadbepleasantandfruitful.解析：[1]由出境游人口增加引出游客不良行为的话题。

[2]是主题句，[3][4]的例子对[2]加以论证，[3][4]之问用even表示程度的加深。

[5]自然段的主题句。注意，本文重点在说明该如何做，所以“不良影响”部分要尽量简洁。

[6][7]用以支持[5]。

[8]用疑问句形式出现的主题句。

[9]适当引用谚语，可以言简意赅地表达出中心意图，使文章增色。

[11]结束句要注意最后强化主题。

[写作指南]

本题要求对出境游中的一些不文明现象进行分析。根据题目要求，本文写作结构安排如下:

第一段简要描述题目中提到的不文明现象。先总述，说我国公民出境游中存在不文明现象，然后举出两三个例子予以充实。

第二段分析这些不文明现象带来的不良影响:①给旅游当地的居民带来生活上的不便，污染风景区的环境；②给中国人抹黑，使祖国的形象受损，不利于文化的交流和沟通。

第三段就如何做文明游客提出建议。要做文明游客，最重要的就是“入乡随俗”，而要做到这一点，就需要加深列旅游目的地文化的理解，改正游客平日生活中的陋习。

2.WhatDoYouThinkofChallenge?Withthefastdevelopmentoftheworld.moreandmorechallengeisinstoreforusChallengemeansnotonlyhardship.Butalsoopportunity.SinceweyoungpeopleandhavebrightfuturebefoWhatDoYouThinkofChallenge?Withthefastdevelopmentoftheworld.moreandmorechallengeisinstoreforusChallengemeansnotonlyhardship.Butalsoopportunity.Sinceweyoungpeopleandhavebrightfuturebefo

3.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURYLookingbackthetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificandtechnologicachievementsandwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareasdevelopmentofvaccinesandantibioticsdiscoveriesofnewdiagnosismethodsandtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggermsinvadingthebodyandoffightingthemoncetheydidthequalityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendiseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftimenewmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyearsultrasonicwavesmagneticresonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning—geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythefirst"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancerAIDSParkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscoverythepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthetwentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalsolaidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelievethatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersintheareaofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatarenowcalled"incurable"diseases.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURYLookingback,thetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificandtechnologicachievements,andwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareas,developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods,andtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggermsinvadingthebody,andoffightingthemoncetheydid,thequalityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendisease,andvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftime,newmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicwaves,magneticresonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning—geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythefirst"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone,"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancer,AIDS,Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscovery,thepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthetwentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalsolaidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelievethatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersintheareaofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowh