corpuslinguistics教学讲解课件

CorpusLinguistics...Whatisacorpus?Corpus(pl.corpora)Acollectionoftextsassumedtoberepresentativeofagivenlanguage,dialect,orothersubsetofalanguage,tobeusedforlinguisticanalysis.(Francis1982)...Whatisacorpus?Threebasicknowledgeaboutcorpus:Alargeprincipledcollectionofnaturaltexts.naturaltexts:languagehasbeencollectedfromnaturallyoccurringsources.Abasicsourceofstoringlanguageknowledge.Onlyafterbeingprocessed,canitbeavailableresources....Partone-Whatiscorpuslinguistics?Asameans-exploreactualpatternsoflanguageuseAsatool-developingmaterialsforclassroomlanguageinstructionAndalsouseslargecollectionsofbothspokenandwrittennaturaltextsthatarestoredoncomputers....Whatiscorpuslinguistics?Corpuslinguisticsisanapproachtoinvestigatelanguagethatischaracterizedbytheuseoflargecollectionsoftexts(spoken,writtenorboth)andcomputer-assistedanalysismethods....ContributionsofcorpuslinguisticsOneofthemajorcontributionsofcorpuslinguisticsisintheareaofexploringpatternsoflanguageuse.Provideanextremelypowerfultool-theanalysisofnaturallanguageProvidetremendousinsights-howlanguageusevariesindifferentsituations...ThedevelopmentofcorpusIn1964,，thefirstcorpuswasbuiltbyAmericanBrownUniversity,storingonemillionwordsandcollectingeachstylesoflanguagesourcesofAmericanEnglish.In1978,BritainbuiltLOB(Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen),storingonemillionwordsandcollectinglanguagesourcesofBritishEnglish.In1980s,BirminghamUniversitybuiltBCET(BirminghamCollectionofEnglishTexts),storing7.3millionwordsandusingfordictionarycompilation.In1996,thestoragewasextendedto32millionwordsandwasrenamedasBE(BankofEnglish).In1980,COBUILD(CalLinsBirminghamUniversityInternationalLanguageDatabase)wasbuilt,includingBE,thestoragewasupto50millionwords(15millionspokencorpus)....Beforetheadventofcomputers:Imaginethatyouareinterestedinexploringtheuseofconjunctionsinawrittenlanguageandimaginethatyouneedtocarryoutthistaskbyhand.Aftertheadventofcomputers:ThecollectionofeverlargerlanguagesamplesTheabilityformuchfasterandmoreefficientprocessingandaccessTheavailabilityofeasytolearncomputerresourcesforlinguisticanalysis...Fourfeaturesofcorpus-basedanalysisoflanguageItisempirical,analyzingtheactualpatternsofuseinnaturaltexts.b.Itutilizesalargeandprincipledcollectionofnaturaltexts,knownasa‘corpus’,asthebasisforanalysis.c.Itmakesextensiveuseofcomputersforanalysis,usingbothautomaticandinteractivetechniques.d.Itdependsonbothquantitativeandqualitativeanalyticaltechniques....Parttwo-CorpusDesignandCompilationHowtobuildavaluableandaccuratecorpusHowtoprocessandanalyzecorpus...TypesofcorporaGeneralcorpora(通用语料库)Specializedcorpora(专用语料库)...GeneralcorporaTheBrownCorpusTheLOBCorpusTheBNCRepresentlanguageinitsbroadestsense.Aredesignedtobequitelargeandbalanced.includelanguagesamplesfromawiderangeofregistersIncludefromcasualconversationsamongfriendsandfamilytoacademiclecturesandnationalradiobroadcasts.TheGeneralCorporaisformedbygeneraltextsthatdonotbelongtosinglefield,orregister....Specializedcorporaa.Mayincludebothspokenandwrittencomponents.Forexample:theICECorpusThestudyofnationalvarietiesofEnglishTheTOEFL-2000SpokenandWrittenAcademicLanguageCorpus...b.Usually,focusesonaparticularspokenorwrittenvarietyofLanguage.Writtencorpora:

historicalcorpora(theHelsinkiCorpus,theArcherCorpus)corporaofnewspaperwriting,fictionoracademicprose,etc.Spokencorpora:

academicspeech(theMichiganCorpusofAcademicSpokenEnglish-MICASE)teenagelanguage(COLT)childlanguage(theCHILDESdatabase)...c.‘learner’scorpusForexample:

theInternationalCorpusofLearnerEnglish(ICLE)...IssuesinCorpusDesignReflectionb.Representativeness

representativeofdifferentregisters,discoursemodesandtopicsrepresentativeofthedemographics(人口特征)ofthespeakersorwritersrepresentativesamplesshouldbebasedonproductionorreceptionc.Distribution...CorpuscompilationDatacollectionforawrittencorpusDatacollectionforaspokencorpus...DatacollectionofawrittencorpusOrganizethematerialsbeingcollectedinelectronicformKeyboardedmanuallyOCR-opticalcharacterrecognition...DatacollectionforaspokencorpusRecordthetranscriptionArrangetherecordedcontentintowrittenformKeyboardthewrittenformintocorpusObtainpermission...Markup&AnnotationTitlesAuthorsParagraphsSubheadingsChaptersEtc.Markup:...Annotation:Part-of-speechtaggi