船长面试问题及参考答案

船长面试问题及参考答案

船长是船上最重要的职位，也是个方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最费时间，也是最复杂的，作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。

下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whatisaclassificationsociety?Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事协会)，CCS（Chinese）,ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英国劳氏)，GL（GermanLloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korea）,RINA(意大利船级社).Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输途中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：Bulkcargocement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorus,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.,Generalcargo:vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial.Other:Log,plywood,container,andsoon.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea,whichportshaveyoucalled?IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanalandDenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas：全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide；固定航线fixedroute.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore,mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如何呢？Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,howwouldyouhandleit?Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.Ifnecessary,I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.关于货损失、方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理原则。HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?Hints:YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels,andsoon.PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationlikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,etc.,)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.Oryoucansay:Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily,wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?Well,it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?Ususlly,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L):measure,quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalueunknownetc.,DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonalillnessandinjury,cargodamage,collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedorfloatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,aswellasthemarineenvironment.MARPOL,73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISMCODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。Priortoship’sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:a)Steeringgeartestb)Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonizationc)Internal,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttestd)Thewhistleandnavigationalliststestse)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA,RADAR,GMDSS)testf)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessaryHowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually,themoreoftenthedrillisdone,thebetter.Butbeforeenteringintosomeports,forexample,intheUSwherePSCinspectionsareverystrict,itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriortoentry.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthevesselisduringpassage,infairwaysandinsideports?Duringthepassage,theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft,orasregulatedbyportauthority.富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航行安全，船长应在心目中有个大致的数字。WhataretheMaster’sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal?TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationongarbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship’sgalley,ontheinformationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedpriortodisposal.TheMastershalldiscussthesubjectofshipboardgarbagemanagementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthegarbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMastershallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlastvessel?Howdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard?Fourstepsshouldbefollowed:collection,processing(separation),storage,anddisposal.Thegarbagecandividedintothreekinds;Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials;Foodandaccommodationwaste;Othergarbagecannotdisposedintothesea,e.g.plasticsandplasticmaterials.垃圾的处理涉及到污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口国造成污染，船东会受到重罚的。WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub?Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureanddamagearecalledsensitivecargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClubdefinethefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes:cement,grain,andsugarandsoon.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage,whichpartsofthevesselshouldbechecked?Cargoholds,hatchcovers,ventilationsystem,tank-top,holdlighting,firefightinganddetectorappliances,bilge,soundingpipes,airpipes,cargogears(hooks,grabs,slings,wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbecheckedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthechecks,thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP”?WhatcontentsshouldbeincludedintheSOPEP?SOPEPmeansShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthefollowing:(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsinchargeoftheshiptoreportanoilpollutionincident.(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersonsonboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.(4)Listofoilspillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintainedonboard.(Removers,sprayer,oilabsorbent,sawdust,wasterags,scoop,shovels,buckets,bamboobrooms,portablepump,protectiveclothingandportablecontainers).Simplyspeaking,SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication,address,etc.),theequipmentusedindealingwithoilpollution,themusterlistintheoilpollution,andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappensetc.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport?(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestinationportauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage,berthing,customsclearanceandportquarantineinspections,etc.;(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine,andaskthedutyofficertogivetheETAandthetimeshipisexpectedtobeonmaneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer;(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMastershouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.,inUS),beforeentryintoport,entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired;(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags,signals,orlightsareshown;(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance,theMastershouldgivetheC/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatananchorageorberth.WhatshouldaMusterListinclude?WhatkindsofMusterListdidyouhaveonthelastvessel?AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints;(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal;(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven;(3)Substituteforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled;(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedinanabandonshipsituation;(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneraldutiesduringvariousemergencies;(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties;(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup.TheMusterListmustbereadybeforeashipsails.WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel;Generalemergency,firefighting,fireintheengine,emergencysteering,abandon-ship,manoverboard,oilpollutionpreventionstation.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident,whatshouldmasterdo?AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL,theincidentshouldbeimmediatelyreportedtothenearestcoastalState,andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L?Definitelyspeak:No.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo’sownership.However,thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterofIndemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthedocuments.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining?Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthevessel,thecargo,andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedonemergencyprocedures,anti-pollution,safetyequipmentfamiliarization,shipoperationaltrainingandworkingskills.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheshipownerandthecharterer?Well,thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner’sinterestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow,sometimestheMasterisunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandthecharterer.Myexperienceisthatthecharterer’sinterestsshouldbetakegoodcareofwithouthurtingtheinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案。但一般而言，船东希望能和租船公司建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为船长拿的是船东的工资，但船东拿的是客户（租家）的钱。Whatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalaudit?Duringtheinternalaudit,howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors?Usually,theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearinaccordancewiththeowner’sSMSmanuals.ItisunderthechargeoftheDesignatedPerson(DP),oratthediscretionoftheDP.Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany,theMastershouldholdapre-auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheauditnotice.TheMastershouldmakesurethebestcooperationisprovidedtotheauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewellprepared.TheexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromtheClass.Ifmajornon-conformities,non-conformitiesandobservationsarefoundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit,theshipshouldmakerectificationinthestipulatedtime.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoingMasterandtherelievingMaster?Usually,thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:First,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthecompany’shandoverprocedureandchecklist.Second,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedtothereport.Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure:Documentation,communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsandcompanies),bridgeequipment,storesandaccount,personnel,shipmaintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides,itisalsoveryimportanttogivetherelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonnel,thelocalagent,theportandsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.TrytofillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineer?OrwhatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave?TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship,responsibleforthewholevesselandtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineerisinfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.Inthemeantime,itisalsoimportantfortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhisimplementationofduties.Anyway,smoothcooperationandharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineerisveryimportanttothesafeoperationofthevessel.船长和轮机长的融洽关系非常重要，但船长对船舶安全的绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东希望船长既能和轮机长处好关系，又能够树立自己的管理权威。Whatshouldtheship’sNightOrdersinclude?HowoftendoyoupreparetheNightOrders?Dowell-preparedNightOrdersmeanyoucanhaveagoodsleep?Theship’sNightOrdersshouldincludesuchinformationassailingcourse,anti-collisionwarning,someprecautions,watchkeepingpoints,dangerouscargoorders,sailingwarninginspecialareasetc.TheMastershouldprepareaNightOrdereverynightbeforehegoestosleep.EvenIhavewellpreparednightorders,Ishallstillbeonhighalertwhenthevesselissailinginsomedangerousareas(i.e.areaswithlowvisibility,somenarrowstraits,alongtheseacoastandthependingarrivalattheport,etc.)这是一个船东非常关心的问题，因为这涉及到船舶的行驶安全，船长必须能熟练说出。Whennewcrewscomeonboard,whattrainingwillyouoffertothem?First,Iwillgetthemfamiliarwiththewholevessel,includingtheequipment,thepersonnelanddocuments.Second,Iwillaskthemtogetfamiliarwiththeirrespectiveduties.Third,Iwillgetthemtrainedonthesafeoperationandemergencyproceduresandsoon.船上船员的培训既要符合国际规则的要求，也要符合公司体系文件的要求。此外，船长也要根据具体情况安排相应的培训内容。Whatarethethreegradesofbulkcarriersaccordingtotheirsize?Generally,theyareclassifiedintothreetypes:Handysize,PanamaxsizeandCapesize.TheHandysizebulkerislessthan60,000tonsindeadweithttonnage.Thepanamaxsizebulkerisbetween60,000to70,000tons,usuallycarryingusualcargoessuchascoal,barxite(铝土矿)，Borax(硼砂)，Cement,Grain,Tapioka,Copra(椰子肉),Pellet,LimeStoneandsoon.TheCapesizeismorethan80,000indeadweighttonnage,and106feetinbreadth,andthecargousuallycarriedbythistypeofabulkerareironore,pellet,andCoal.Howdoyouknowthattheseachartisup-to-date?HowdoyougetthelatestNoticetoMariner?Ineedtocheckthechartscorrectionlogandthechartsconcernedtomakesurethechartisupdated.NormallythecompanysendstheNoticetoMarinerperiodicallyandautomaticallytotheship.IwillsendarequisitiontothecompanyiftheNoticetoMarinerisnotbeingreceived.WhatistheDCPAduringpassage,infairways,inthestraitandinsideports?Atsea,theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles;inthestrait,theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles;inthestrait,theshortestdistancebetweenthetwoshipsisthenewcoursedistancebetweentwovesselsalsodependedonsuchfactorsasweathercondition,thesizesofthetwovesselsandsoon.Howdoyoutreattheenginebilgewater?Theenginebilgewatercanbynomeansbepumpedoutintotheseadirectly.Ifithastobepumpedout,itmustbeproperlytreatedthroughtheoilywaterseparator.Ifthereistoomuchenginebilgewater,theChiefEngineerwillreportittome.Iwillthenaskforinstructionsfromtheowner.Withtheowner’sapprovalandconfirmation,thebilgewatermaybetransferredintothefueloiltankoraskforshoreassistance.DoyouknowsomethingabouttheILO?WhatisILO147?DoyouhaveanyexperiencewithITF?Whatisyourpolicyindealingwiththemandwhatisyourcompany’spolicyindealingwiththem?TheILOistheInternationalLabourOrganizationandtheITFistheInternationalFederationforTransportWorkers.ILOConvention147istheMerchantShipping(MinimumStandards)Convention,1976(No.147)(andisProtocolof1996).ThisruleismadebytheInternationalLaborOrganizationConference.InthisConvention,theminimuminternationallyacceptablelaborstandardsrelatingtosafety,socialsecurity,andshipboardconditionsofemploymentandlivingarrangementstobeobservedinmerchantshippingregisteredunderanyflag.ItisveryimportanttotelltheseamennottoapproachtheITFpersonnelactively.TheMastershouldinstructhiscrewtoanswerthequestionsinaccordancewiththeshipowner’sandthemanningagent’sinstructionsiftheITFinspectorsapproachthevesselandtalkwiththecrew.TheMasterhimselfshouldknowverywellthecompany’spolicyindealingwiththeITF.Anyway,theMasterandhiscrewshoulddealwiththemverycautiouslysoastoavoidanypossibledisputesfortheshipowner.Asaemployeeoftheshipowner,themastershouldalwaysstandinthepositionoftheshipownerandthemanningagent.ILO和ITF是涉及到船员利益的两个国际组织，船长应对此有粗略的了解。Whatshouldbridgeordersinclude?Whatarethecontentsofthestandingorderandwhatarenightorders?BridgeorderincludesStandingOrderandNightOrder.Themastershallincludethefollowingcontentsinthestandingorder:Mater’srequirementsfortheconductofwatchkeepingpersonnel;(1)Definethemaster’srequirementsonthedutiesofofficersonwatch;(2)Definethemaster’srequirementsfortheactionsincaseofemergencysituations;(3)Proceduresattimesofreducedvisibility;(4)SpecialrequirementswithregardtotheshipandThemastershallregularlyenterintotheBridgeOrderBook－nomatteratseaoratanchor.TheentryintheBridgeOrderBookshallincludetheinstructionsonthesafenavigationatthetimewhenthemasterintendstotakerest,aswellasanyothernecessaryinstructions.Thisshallinclude:(1)Abriefdescriptionofthenavigationalplanwithdetailsofthecoursetobefollowedandchartstobeused;(2)Pointswhichrequirespecialconsideration(strongcurrentscrosstrafficetc.)(3)Thetimeandpositionwhenthemasteristobecalledtothebridge;(4)Thepositionwheretheshiphastoreporttotrafficorportcontrol;(5)Thepositionwherethenoticehastobegiventoengineroom(onehournotice,standbyengineetc);(6)Detailsofanyotheractivitiesduringthenightperiod(cleaning,gasfreeing,watchonIGpressure,repairwork,launchcalls,etc).Themastershallfinishhisnightorderbeforeheisgoingtotakesleep.Normally,whatrankscannotberelievedforvacationtogether?Consideringtheoperationandsafetyofthevessel,normallythefollowingrankscannotberelievedtogether:TheMasterandtheChiefOfficer:TheChiefEngineerandtheFirstEngineer.TheChiefOfficershouldcompletethehandoverprocedureaftercompletionofcargooperationandrelateddocumentationunlessheisrelievedonsomeotheroccasionswherethereisnocargooperation.Besides,seniorengineersshouldnothandovertheirdutiesbeforeorwhenanymajorrepairormaintenanceworkisunderway.Therelievedengineersorofficersshouldpreparehandovernotestotherelievingpersonnel.CopiesoftheMasterandChiefEngineer’shandovernotesshouldbesenttothecompanyforfiling.TheChiefEngineer’shandovernotesshouldbeverifiedandsignedbytheMaster.Whatranksshouldnotbeallowedtohaveshoreleaveatthesametime?Inviewofthejobsonboard,thefollowingpositionsandrankscannotbeallowedtohaveshoreleaveatthesametime:theMasterandtheChiefOfficer;theChiefEngineerandtheFirstEngineer;theChiefEngineerandElectrician;theBosunandPumpman(intankers);theChiefCookandSecondCook(ormessboy);theChiefOfficerandPumpman(intankers).Anycrewwhowantstohaveshoreleavemustcheckwiththedepartmentheadforpermissionandreturntothevesselontime.Whatisthemaximumbloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)rateforcrewingonboard?AccordingtotheSTCW95,theBACshallnotbemorethan0.08%byweightanytimewhenbeingtested,buttheCFR(CodeofFederalRegulations)requirestheBACtobenomorethan0.04%.Watch-keepersarenotallowedtodrinkanyalcoholicbeverage4hoursbeforethewatch.公司的毒品和酒精管理政策是根据有关国家公约的规定制定的，船长应该熟知。Underheavyweatherconditions,whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforesailing?Duringheavyweatherconditions,theMastershouldmakethefollowingpreparations:(1)Ifpossible,selectaroutethatcanavoidtheheavyweatherarea;(2)Informthecrewofthepredictedheavyweatherandissueawarning.Makesurethatthewarningisknowntoallcrewonboard;(3)InstructtheChiefOfficertocheckthehullstrengthbasedonstowagecalculation,cargoloadingandstabilitydocuments.Iftheshipisnotcarryingcargo,theMastershallballasttheshiptoincreasethedraughtandtakeactiontopreventpropellerracing,reduceoscillatingandslammingoftheship;(4)Makesurethefollowingholesareclosed:hatches,cargohold,Bosun’sstore,manhole;accessestoaccommodationspacesandsteeringgearroom;tankairpipes,soundingcaps;allwater-tightdoorsandwater-tightopeningsontheship;(5