八年级上册英语期中复习资料

八年级上册英语期中复习资料

八年级上册英语期中复习资料

UNIT1Howoftendoyouexercise?

重点单词

★频率副词:

频率副词词频度英文释义

义

always总100%allthetime

是

usually通90%often,generally

常

often经60%manytimes

常

sometimes有30%attimes,now

时andthen

hadlyever儿20%almostnot

乎

不

never从0%notever,notat

不anytime

★背诵UNIT1所有文章。

★典型题：

1.Jack__(do)hishomeworkeveryday.(用所给词的适当形式填

空)

2.Light(travel)fasterthansound.(用所给词的适当形式填空)

3.Helovesreading.(对画线部分提问)

he?

4.Hehardlyever(watch)TV.(用所给词的适当形式填空)

5.LiFei(notdo)hishomeworkeveryday.Soheisn'tagood

student.(根据句意及英文提示完成句子)

6.阅读理解。

Someonesays"Timeismoney.",butIthinktimeis(1)

importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecan

getitback.However,whentimeis(2),it'llnever(3).

Thatis(4)wemustnotwastetime.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe(5)isusuallylimited.

Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofour

timetodo(6)useful.

Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknow

theimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,

drinkingand(7).Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeans

wastingpartoftheirown(8).

Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn't(9)today's

workfortomorrow.Rememberwemust(10)_____time.

()1.A.muchB.mostC.manyD.

muchmore

()2.A.lostB.boughtC.goneD.

finished

()3.A.returnB.carryC.takeD.

bring

()4.A.whatB.thatC.becauseD.

why

()5.A.moneyB.timeC.dayD.

food

()6.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.

everything

()7.A.readingB.writingC.playingD.

working

()8.A.timeB.foodC.moneyD.

life

()9.A.stopB.leaveC.letD.give

()10.A.loseB.saveC.spendD.

take

UNIT2What'sthematter?

matter,headache,ago,illness,advice,thirsty,stress,early,problem,

traditional,believe,balance,weak,angry,get,few,stay,important,

balanced,diet,moment,until,hear

haveacold,haveastomachache,haveasoreback,liedownandrest,

hotteawithhoney,seeadentist,drinklotsofwater,agoodidea,

重点短语(be)stressedoutjeelwell,twodaysago,getsomerest,fellbetter,

afew,atthemoment

单

元

知

1.一What'sthetrouble/matterwithyou?

识

—Idon'tfeelwell.

网

2.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.

络

3.Thafstoobad.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.

4.1thinkso.

5.I'msorrytohearthat***

6.Youshoulddrinksometea.

7.1haveasoreback.

8.I'mnotfeelingwell.

重点句型

1.“have/hasgota+疾病名词”表示“得了..病”;

2.情态动词should的用法。

语法结构

★背诵UNIT2所有文章。

★典型题：

()1.一What'sthematterwithyou,youngman?

一Iastomachache.

A.have

B.has

C-get

D.catch

()2.—What'swrongwithyou?

A.I'madoctor.

B.Ihaveanewwatch.

C.Ihaveaheadache.

D.Iworkinahospital.

)3.—What'swrongwithyou,Tom?Youlookpale!

—Ihaveastomachache.

—Youliedownandhavearest,andyoueatanything

for24hours.

A.should;should

B.should;shouldn't

C.shouldn't;should

D.shouldn'tishouldn't

)4.Youlearntodrive.ltwillbeveryuseful.

A.should

B.may

C.must

D.can

5.完形填空。

WhenMrSmithretired(退休),heboughtasmall1inavillage

nearthesea.He2___itandhopedtoliveaquietlifeinthishouse.

Buttohisgreatsurprise,manytouristscametoseehishousein

summerholiaays,foritwasthemost3buildin耳inthevillage.

Frommorningtonighttherewere4outsidethehouse.They

keptlookingintotheroomsthroughthewindowsand5ofthem

evenwentintoMrSmith'sgarden.ThiswastoomuchforMrSmith.

Hedecidedtoaskthevisitorsto6.Soheputanoticeonthe

window.Thenoticesaid,“IfyouwantJZ_yourcuriosity(好奇心'),

comeinandlookround.Price:twentydollars."MrSmithwassure

thatthevisitorswould8coming,buthewaswrong.Moreand

more\dsitorscameandMrSmithhadto9___everydayshowing

themaroundhishouse."Icamehereto10nottoworkasa

guide(导游)/'hesaidangrily.Intheend,hesoldthehouseand

movedaway.

()l.A.gardenB.shopC.houseD.

school

()2.A.likedB.hatedC.soldD.built

()3.A.bigB.interestingC.smallD.

clean

)4.A.childrenB.studentsC.parentsD.

tourists

()5.A.noB.noneC.manyD.

much

()6.A.comeB.leaveC.stayD.play

()7.A.tosatisfyB.satisfyC.tosatisfyingD.

satisfying

()8.A.goonB.stopC.continueD.not

()9.A.takeB.costC.spendD.

pay

()10.A.playB.workC.watchD.

retire

UNIT3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?

重点单词

★背诵UNIT3所有文章。

★典型题：

()1.LastyearIvisitedmyfriendinHongKongandwe

bothhad.

A.atime

B.agoodtime

C.happy

D.timehappily

()2.WouldyoupleaseusyourpicturestakeninEu

rope?

A.take

B.bring

C.show

D.find

()3.WhatarewegoingtodoonSunday?^^“Howabo

ut?

A.togobikeriding

B.goingbiketoride

C.goingtobikeriding

D.goingbikeriding

（）4."Myfatherhasboughtanewcar.”"?”"It's

blueandbeautiful."

A.Whatdoyoulike?

B.What'sitlike?

C.Howisitlike?

D.Howdoyouthinkofit?

（）5.IhadwantedtogotoEnglandforvacation,buta

tlastIdecidedCanada.

A.on

B.over

C.in

D.about

6.完形填空。

Almosteveryone1themeaningsofMr,MrsandMiss.M

risusedbeforethefamilynamesofmen.Mrsisformarried

（结婚的）womenandMissisforunmarriedwomen.But2is

Ms?

Somebusinessmen（商人）intheUnitedStates3Msbefor

eawoman'snamewhentheydonotknowwhether（是否）th

ewomanismarried.Today,however,manywomenlikeMsb

etter4MrsorMiss.

Theword"5"doesnottelluswhetherornotamani

smarried.Somewomenwanttobeequalto(和平等)6i

nthisway.Thesewomenfeelthatitisnotimportantforpe

opletoknowwhethertheyarcmarriedornot.

Therearesomeproblemswith"Ms",however.7women

likeit.Someliketheolderwaysofdoingthings.Somefind_

8difficulttoread.Ms9[miz].Youngwomenlikeitbetter

thanolderwomendo.ItisdifficulttoknowwhetherMsw

illbeusedbymoreAmericanwomeninthefuture.Whatdo

youthink10it?

()1.A.knowsB.knowC.knew

D.isknowing

()2.A.howB.whatC.who

D.which

()3.A.usetoB.usingC.uses

D.use

()4.A.toB.forC.than

D.as

()5.A.MsB.MrsC.Miss

D.Mr

()6.A.menB.girlsC.ladies

D.boys

()7.A.NoneofB.NotallC.All

D.Neitherof

()8.A.thisB.thatC.them

D.it

()9.A.soundslikeB.readlikeC.issoundedlike

D.issoundlike

()10.A.atB.ofC.on

D.to

UNIT4Howdoyougettoschool?

take,walk,train,minute,kilometer,shower,quick,bicycle,station,early,

mile,stop,north,must,car,town,ill,worry,so

gettoschool,takethesubway,takethetrainjeavefor,athalfpast,

take,,•to*moststudents,theearlybus,howfar,from***to*,e»thinkof,

重点短语ridebikes,inotherpartsoftheworld,dependon,bedifferentfrom,

ontheschoolbus

单

元

知

识

网

络

1.—Howdoyougettoschool?

—Itakethesubway.

2.一Howfarisfromyourhometoschool?

—Threemiles.

3.—Howlongdoesittakes?

——Halfanhour.

重点句型

1.对于“方式”进行提问，以及对于“做某事情花费多少时间”

的提问和回答；

语法结构2.数词。

★背诵UNIT4所有文章。

★典型题：

1.阅读理解。

Oncetherewasanoldfarmer.Hehadahorseandthehorsewas

almostasoldashimself.Onemorninghesetoutwithhisyoungson

tosellthehorsebeforeitdied.Thefatherandthesonwalked

becausethefarmerdidnotwantthehorsetobetootired（疲劳）.

Theymettwomenontheroad.Theysaid,“Whyareyouwalking,

farmer?Youhaveahorse.It'salongwaytogettothemarket.nThe

farmerknewthatthiswastrue,soherodeonthehorsewhilehis

sonwalked.Thentheymettwooldladies."Whatareyoudoingup

there,farmer?Can'tyouseehowtiredyoursonis?”Sothefarmer

gotdown,andlethissonrideonit.Twentyminuteslater,threeold

menstoppedthem.Onesaid,“Whyareyouwalking,farmer?Getup.

It'stoohotforanoldmanlikeyoutowalktoday.vSothefarmergot

upbehindhissonandtheywentonriding.Sometimelater,ayoung

womanpassedthem.Whyaren'tyouwalking?sheasked,uIt

isn'tfartothemarket.Giveyourpooroldhorsearest."Sothe

farmerandhissongotdownonceagain.Itisafactthatyoucannot

pleaseallthepeopleallthetime.

1.Thefarmerwas

A.nearlythesameageashishorse

B.almostalwaysolderthanhishorse

C.notquiteasoldashishorse

D.alittleolderthanhishorse

2.Thetwomenontheroad

A.askedhowfaritwastothemarket

B.saidtheythoughtthehorselookedverytired

C.askedwhythefarmerwasnotridingonhishorse

D.toldthefarmer'ssontogetoffthehorseandwalk

3.Thetwooldladiessaiditwaswrongfor

A.thefarmertoridesuchatiredhorse

B.thefarmertoridewhilehisyoungsonwalked

C.theboytorideinsteadofhisfather

D.onlyonepersontoridesuchalongway

4.Thefarmergotupbehindhissonbecause

A.theoldmansaiditwastoohotforhimtowalk

B.thethreeoldmenstoppedthemontheroad

C.hedidhotknowwhyhewaswalking

D.hissoncouldnotridethehorsebyhimself

5.Whatdidthewriterreallywanttotellus?

A.Theoldmanwasafool

B.Thehorsewasoldandwasgoingtodie

C.Itisnotrighttolistentoothers

D.Itisimpossibleforamantomakeeveryonesatisfied（7前意）allthe

time.

初中英语语法知识难点整理

英语语法知识难点（■）

（一）形容词和副词

I.要点

A.形容词

1、形容词的用法

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾

补，有时还可作状语。如：

Heishonestandhardworking.

Ifoundthebookinteresting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数

形式。如：

Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.

TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+

颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：

thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.

2、形容词比较等级的形式

(1)规则形式

一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加，er;“est来构成比较

级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如：

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant

(2)不规则形式

good(well)-better-best

bad(ill)-worse-worst

many(much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3)形容词比较等级的用法

①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：

Heisclevererthantheotherboys.

Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.

②表示两者以上的比较，用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)..."

如：

Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.

③表示两者是同等程度，用“as+形容词原级+as”.如：

HeisastallasI.

Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.

④越…越…

例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.

⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好

又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.

你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.

那一天是最令我担心的一天。

Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.

这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.

我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

B.副词

1、副词的种类

(1)时间副词如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,

tomorrow等

(2)地点副词如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,

back,away,outside等。

(3)方式副词如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,

politely,nervously等。

(4)程度副词如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,

hardly,so,very等。

2、副词比较等级的用法

其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.

Wemustworkharder.

3、某些副词在用法上的区别

(1)already,yet,still

already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某

事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主

要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.

Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.

Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.

(2)too,aswell,also,either

too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口

语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词

连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：

Hewenttheretoo.

Hedidn'tgothereeither.

Ilikeyouaswell.

Ialsowentthere.

(3)hard,hardly

hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

Iworkhardeveryday.

Icanhardlyrememberthat.

(4)late,lately

lately意为“最近、近来“，late意为“晚、迟"。如：

Henevercomeslate.

Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?

II.例题

例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready

AhighenoughBtallenough

CenoughhighCenoughtall

解析：该题正确答案是Bo修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,

并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选Bo

例2theworseIseemtobe.

AWhenItakemoremedicine

BThemoremedicineItake

CTakingmoreofthemedicine

DMoremedicinetaken

解析：该题正确答案为B。“the+形容词比较级+…jhe+形容词比

较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加

重。

例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet".

"Ihaven'tbeenthere

AtooBalsoCeitherDneither

解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither

本身意为否定‘两者都不"，而Neither则用于否定句中，意为“也

例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.

AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply

解析：该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，

如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为

deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副

词，不能互相修饰。

(二)介词

I.要点

1、介词和种类

(1)简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,

for,to,without等。

(2)复合介词，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,

insteadof等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakaway

from,careabout等。

(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,

goodat

(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visit

to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,

badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数儿个副词。如：

Hecamerightafterdinner.

Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.

4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1)at,on,in(表时间)

表示时间点用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不确定的

时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。

指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝

夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptember1st等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,in

Summer,in1999等。

(2)between,among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间

的相互关系时，也用between,如

I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.

Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：

Heisthebestamongthestudents.

(3)beside,besides

beside意为"在…旁边”，而besides意为"除…之外"。如:

Hesatbesideme.

Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?

(4)inthetree,onthetree

inthetree指动物或人在树上，而onthetree指果实、树叶长在

树上

(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthisway

ontheway指在路上intheway指挡道

bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法

(6)inthecorner,atthecorner

inthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外

(7)inthemorning,onthemorning

inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨

(8)bybus,onthebus

bybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车

II.例题

例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?

AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides

解析：A、B两项except等于but,意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"

在…旁边”，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为“除了…之外，还有”。

所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的

语言吗？

例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.

AonBatCinDduring

解析：我们均知道，atnight这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，

表具体的夜晚，则要用介词。n来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

例3I'mlookingforwardyourletter.

AtoBinCatDon

解析：该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配，意为“

期望、盼望"。

(三)连词

I.要点

1、连词的种类

(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,for,

or,both...and,either...or,neither...nor等。

(2)从属连词用来引导从句，如that,if,whether,when,after,as

soonas等。

除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句

的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系

代词利关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、常用连词举例

(l)and和，并且

Theydrankandsangallnight.

(2)both...and和，既…也…

BothmyparentsandIwentthere.

(3)but但是,而

I'msad,butheishappy.

(4)either...or或…或…,要么…要么…

Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.

(5)for因为

Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.

(6)however然而，可是

Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.

(7)neither...nor既不…也不

Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.

(8)notonly...but(also)不但…而且…

Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.

(9)or或者，否则

Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

Areyouaworkeroradoctor?

(10)so因此，所以

It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.

(11)although虽然

Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.

(12)assoonas一…就

I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.

(13)because因为

Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.

(14)unless除非，如果不

Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.

(15)until直到…

Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not...until结构)

Hestayedthereuntileleven.

(16)while当…时候，而(表示对比)

WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine,(while后不可用瞬间动

词)

Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.

(17)for因为

Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(结论是推断出来的)

(18)since自从…

Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.

(19)hardly...when一…就

Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.

(20)asfaras就...来说

AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.

Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)

II.例题

例1Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.

AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas

解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得

和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B。

例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas

talkingaboutmydaughter.

AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile

解析：该处意为"然而“，只有while有此意思，故选D。

例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdownto

businessrightaway?

A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。

英语语法知识难点（二）

（四）动词时态、语态

I.要点

1、一般现在时

（1）表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,

always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如：

Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.

（2）表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：

Theearthgoesroundthesun.

2、现在进行时

（1）表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now,atpresent

等时间状语连用。如：

Whatareyoudoingnow?

⑵和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含

有某种情感。如：

Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.

3、现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到

现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just,already,sofar,once,never

等词连用。如：

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,

nextyear等连用。如:

I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.

We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常

与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。如：

Ithappenedmanyyearsago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?

7、过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.

8、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.

9、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give为例。

II.例题

例1Ilearnedthatherfatherin1950.

AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead

解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主

句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in

1950,所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。

例2Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.

AislookedBhaslookedfor

CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked

解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态

句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于

被动语态的句子中。

（五）动词虚拟语气

I.要点

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、

建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

1、虚拟语气的构成

情景

条件从句的谓语动词

主句的谓语动词

与现在事实相反

动词过去式（be要用were）

should

+动词原形

would

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

should

+have+过去分词

would

与将来事实相反

1、动词过去时

2、should+动词原形

3、wereto+动词原形

should

+动词原形

would

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有

时可将if省去，但要倒装。如:

Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.

2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓

语形式是“should(可省)+动词原形”，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型-'：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that...

句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that...

句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that...

如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.

Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.

Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.

(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,

demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接

的命令利建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形”。如：

Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.

(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、

决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,

idea等。从句谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形“。如：

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是”(should)+动词原形"。如:

Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.

(5)在Itistimethat...句型中,其谓语动词形式是动词的过去

式”或

"should+动词原形",should不可省。如：

It'stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.

II.例题

例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.

AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay

解析：该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示“本希望"，同样用法的

动词还有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday".

"Iwouldrathershetomorrowthantoday."

AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome

解析：该题正确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语

气，用动词过去时表示。

例3Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.

AhaddoneBmighthavedone

CmightdoDwoulddo

解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为

Bo

(六)短语动词

I.要点

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于

及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物

动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

(1)动词+介词

常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,

hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介

词后。如：

Don'tlaughatothers.

Ididn'tcareaboutit.

(2)动词+副词

常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout

等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可

放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词

前边。如：

You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.

Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.

(3)动词+副词+介词

常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,

catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.

Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.

(4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof

等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.

Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.

（5）动词+形容词

常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如

果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如

果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

Theprisonersweresetfree.

Hecutitopen.

（6）动词+名词

常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物

动词。如：

Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.

Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.

（7）辨析

giveaway（让给，暴露）和giveup（放弃，停止）

putaway（放起，收起）利putout（扑灭）

turnup（出席，放大）和turnon（打开）

keepout（阻止）和keepoff（不让靠近）

makeup（编造，补上）和makeout（辨认）

takeoff（脱，起飞）和takeout（拿出）

II.例题

例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.

AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup

解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keepup意为"继续";giveaway

意为"分发";layup"贮藏"。

例2Here'smycard.Let'skeepin.

AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship

解析：该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词，意为"保持

联系"。

例3!There'satraincoming.

ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon

解析:该题选A.lookout意为”小心“。

（七）动词不定式

I.要点

1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

2、不定式的句法功能

（1）作主语

Tohearfromyouisnice.

Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.

不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，

而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：

It'snicetohearfromyou.

It'snoteasytobeagoodteacher.

（2）作宾语

通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,

agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如：

Iforgottolockthedoor.

Pleaseremembertowritetome.

(3)作表语

Myjobistopickupletters.

Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.

(4)作定语

不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：

Ihavetwoletterstowrite.

Ihavealotofworktodo.

(5)作宾补

通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,

cause,force等词后。如：

Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.

Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.

(6)作状语

Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.

Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.

(7)作独立成分

Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.

(8)凝问词+不定式"结构。如：

Idon'tknowhowtochoosethem.

Icannotdecidewheretogo.

(9)不定式的否定式。如：

Idecidednottogo.

(10)不定式的完成式。如：

HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.

Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.

(11)too...to结构。如：

Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.

Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高兴了，乐意去)

(12)主动表被动。如：

Thebookiseasytoread.

Ihaveabooktoread.

n.例题

例1Ihaven'tgotachair.

AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting

解析：该题选C。不定式tositon在句中作定语，修饰名词chair.

因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是“动宾关系"，所以不定式必须

是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。

例2Hewasmade.

AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo

解析：该题选D。makesb.dosth.如果是被动形式，不定式do

前的to不能省略。

例3Anewfactoryisverysoon.

AtobebuiltBbuilt

CtobuildDtobuilding

解析:该题选A。istobebuilt意为“将要被建"。

(八)动名词

I.要点

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1、动名词的形式，以write为例。

否定式not+动名词

2、动名词的用法

(1)作主语

Playingfootballismyfavoritesport.

Travellingwithfriendsatweekendisfun.

作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如:

Itisfuntravellingwithfriendsatweekend.

(2)作宾语

IenjoyplayingPCgame.

Hegaveupwritingfiveyearsago.

(3)作表语

Whathehatedmostwasdoingnothing.

Seeingisbelieving.

动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名

词性从句。

(4)作定语

There'sadiningroominmyschool.

Allthep