职称英语-职称英语综合类a级模拟4

职称英语综合类A级模拟4

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面

所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>Maryhasblendedtheingredients.

A.mixedB.made

C.cookedD.eaten

2、Theyagreedtomodifytheirpolicy.

A.clarifyB.change

C.defineD.develop

3、TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember

A.playB.send

C•showD.tell

4、Anotablyshortman,heplaysbasketballwithhisstaffseveraltimesaweek.

A.extremelyB.considerably

C.remarkablyD.completely

5、Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.

A.takeoutB.repair

C.pullD.dig

6、Itisabsurdtopredictthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.

A.ridiculousB.funny

C.oddD.foolish

7>Alotofpeoplecouldfalliiiafterdrinkingcontaminatedwater.

A.muddledB.polluted

C.mixedD.troubled

8、Theroomisdimandquiet.

A.tinyB.pleasant

C.darkD.agreeable

9、Theindexisthegovernment*schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity

A.measureB•opinion

C.evaluationD.decision

10>It1sprudenttostartanyexerciseprogramgraduallyatfirst

A.workableB.sensible

C.possibleD.feasible

11>Heisrenownedforhisskill.

A.rememberedB.recommended

C.praisedD.well-known

12>Youhavetobepatientifyouwanttosustainyourposition.

A.maintainB.establish

C.acquireD.support

13>Shestoodthere,tremblingwithfear.

A.jumpingB.crying

C.swayingD.shaking

14、Medicalfacilitiesarebeingupgraded.

A.renewedB.repaired

C•improvedD.increased

15>Marylookedpaleandweary.

A.gloomyB,ugly

C.sillyD.exhausted

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判

断。

WinnersandLosers

Whyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostly

inSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformer

Sovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide：East

Asiahasalongtradingtradition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bythe

Chineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,

wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,some

countriesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure（基础结构）；

manycountrieshavelittletotradebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhave

falleninrecentyears.

Insomeregions,certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguided

policies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.Firstamong

theseisRussia,whichintheearly1990striedtoembracecapitalismbefore

firstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasan

independentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethod

forcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.

DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin1sregimeprivatizedthe

state-ownedindustrialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治集团

成员），who,knowinghowunstableconditionswereathome,senttheirmoney

abroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.

IncontrastzChina,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollow

theIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloczonlyafew；notably

PolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadvice

andadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollected

intaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories：despitetheir

disadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstable

civilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancounter

toIMFprescriptions.

16>Japanhasalongtradingtradition.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>AllAfricancountriesfollowedtheIMFformula.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcountry.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>Australiaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为第2〜5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

StanfordUniversity

1StanfordUniversity,famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia*sseveral

institutionsofhigherlearning,issometimescalled"theHarvardoftheWest.n

TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFrancisco,acitythirty-twomilestothe

north,givestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan（世界性的）flavor.

2ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.But

mostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanford,andmanyforeignstudents

studyhere,aswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenand

womenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercent

oftheirhighschoolclasses.

3Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber（素质）ofitsstudentsbutalso

becauseofthedesirablelocationandclimatezStanfordhasattractedtoits

facultysomeoftheworld*smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaff

hasincludedmanyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.,FelixBloch,Dr.Robert

Hofstadter,andDr.WilliamShockleyinphysics,Dr.AuthorKornbergandDr.

JoshuaLederberginmedicine；andDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPauling

inchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence

Stanford*sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsof

business,law,andmedicineareespeciallywe11-regarded.

4Whatisstudentlifelikeon"TheFarm"?Culturally,thecampusisa

magnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Plays,concertsz

andoperasareperformedintheuniversity1sseveralauditoriumsandinits

outdoortheater,wheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesare

presentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademic

lifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Intheeveningszmanystudentsgatherto

socializeintheStudentUnion*scoffeehouse；herethebeverages（饮料）and

theatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-minded,

theStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.Teamsports,

swimming,andtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanford

picture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.

5Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni（校友）,Stanfordreceives

grantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic（慈善的）foundations.

Inrecentyears,governmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesin

thefieldsofhistory,psychology,education,andatomicenergy.Atpresent

Stanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogram,financedinpartby

theFordFoundation1s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusarea

newphysicsbuilding,newschoolofbusinessznewgraduateschooloflaw,

newstudentunion,andundergraduatelibrary.

AColorfulLifeonCampus

BIntelligentStudentBody

CSchoolAdministration

DDistinguishedFaculty

ESubstantialFinancialSupport

FTheHarvardoftheWest

23>Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

27>Atheycanfindthebeststudents

Btheuniversity1sacademicadvancementandphysicalextension

Csomeofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworld

Dwhereasportsmeetisheldeveryyear

Emusthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclasses

Fmustbehardworking

ThosehighschoolgraduateswhocanenterStanfordUniversity

28>Manyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere

29、Onthefacultyoftheuniversitythereare.

30>Financialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthas

madepossible.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容,

从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

弟扁

TechnologyTransferinGermany

Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess,few

nationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940s,thenation*svastindustrialbase

hasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.

AndthoughGermanprosperity（繁荣）hasfaltered（衰退）overthepastdecade

becauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomic

declinezitstillhasanenviablerecordforturningideasintoprofit.

MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetwork

ofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsand

createsought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshave

competition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer,

andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeing

complementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-up

companies.

Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess,butitis

notwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearch

willmeanneglectingbasicscience,eventuallystarvingindustryoffresh

ideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur（企业家），the

argumentgoes,thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeing

curiosity-driven,freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthat

manyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoney

becausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankrupt

withinafewyears.

Whilethisdebatecontinues,newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany1s

researchnetworkszwhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz,MaxPlanckand

Leibniz.Yetitisthefourthnetwork,theFraunhoferSociety,thatplays

thegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.

Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope*slargestorganisation

forappliedtechnology,andhas59institutesemploying12,000people.It

continuestogrow.Lastyear,itswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstitute

forCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Today,thereareevenFraunhofers

intheUSandAsia.

31、WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity?

A.Technologytransfer.

B.Goodmanagement.

C•Hardwork.

D.Fiercecompetition.

32、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?

A.Itisfree.

B.Itisprofit-driven.

C.Itiswidelyavailable.

D.Itiscuriosity-driven.

33、TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganisationforappliedtechnology

in

A.Asia.

B.USA

C.Europe.

D.Africa.

34、WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded?

A.In1940.

B.Lastyear.

C.Aftertheunification.

D.In1949.

35、Theword"expertise"inline3couldbebestreplacedby

A."experts".

B."scientists".

C."scholars".

D."specialknowledge".

弟一^扁

StarQuality

Anewanti-cheatingsystemforcountingthejudges1scoresiniceskating

isflawed,accordingtoleadingsportsspecialists.Iceskating1sgoverning

bodyannouncedthenewruleslastweekafterconcernsthatajudgeatthe

WinterOlympicsmayhavebeenunfairlyinfluenced.

Initiallythejudgesinthepairsfigure-skatingeventattheWinterOlympics

inSaltLakeCityvoted5to4togivethegoldmedaltoaRussianpair,even

thoughtheyhadafallduringtheirroutine.ButtheInternationalSkating

UnionsuspendedtheFrenchjudgeforfailingtorevealthatshehadbeenput

underpressuretovotefortheRussians.TheInternationalOlympicsCommittee

thendecidedtogiveasecondgoldtotheCanadianrunners-up（亚军）.

TheISUZskating*sgoverningbody,nowsaysitintendstochangetherules.

Infuture14judgeswilljudgeeachevent,butonly7oftheirscores--selected

atrandom--willcount.

TheISUwon11finallyapprovethenewsystemuntilitmeetsinJunebut

alreadyUKSport,theBritishGovernment1ssportsbody,hasexpressed

reservations."1remaintobeconvincedthattherandomselectionsystemwould

offertheguaranteesthateveryoneconcernedwithethicalsportislooking

for",saysJerryBingham,UKSport*sheadofethics（伦理）.

Arandomsystemcanstillbemanipulated,saysMarkDixon,aspecialist

onsportsstatisticsfromtheRoyalStatisticalSocietyinLondon.HThescore

ofoneortwojudgeswhohavebeennobbled（受至U贿赂）maystillbeintheseven

selected.H

Manyothersportsthathavejudges,includingdiving,gymnasticszand

synchronizedswimming,haveasystemthatdiscardsthehighestandlowest

scores.Ifajudgewasunderpressuretofavouraparticularteam,theywould

tendtogiveitveryhighscoresandmarkdowntheoppositionteam,sotheir

scoreswouldn1tcount.Itworksfordiving,saysJeffCook,amemberofthe

internationalgovernmentbody*stechnicalcommittee."Ifyouremovethose

atthetopandbottomyou*releftwiththoseinthemiddlezsoyou*regetting

areasonableaverage.H

Sincethe2000OlympicsinSydney,divinghastightenedupinitssystem

stillfurther.Twoseparatepanelsofjudgesscoredifferentroundsofdiving

duringtopcompetitions.Neitherpanelknowsthescoresgivenbytheother.

n

Wehavedonethistoheadoffanysuggestionofbiasz"saysCook.

BinghamurgedtheISUtoconsiderotheroptions,HThisshouldinvolve

examiningthewayinwhichothersportsdealwiththeproblemofadjudicating

（裁定）onmatterofstyleandpresentation,"hesays.

36、Whowonthegoldmedalinthepairsfigure-skatingevent?

A.TheRussianpair.

B.TheCanadianpair.

C.BoththeRussianpairandtheCanadianpair.

D.TheFrenchpair.

37>AccordingtothenewrulesproposedbytheISU,whichofthefollowing

isright?

A.Thenumberofjudgeswillbedoubled.

B.Onlyhalfofthejudgeswillscore.

C.Onlysomeselectedjudgeswillscore.

D.Onlyhalfofthescoreswillcount.

38、WhatdoesJerryBinghamexpressbysaying"1remaintobeconvinced"?

A.Hisanger.

B.Hiscriticism.

C.Hisagreement.

D.Hisdoubt.

39、TheattitudeofthoseconcernedintheUKtothenewrulesproposedby

ISUcanbebestdescribedas

A.indifferent.

B.reserved.

C.enthusiastic.

D.positive.

40、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofthescoringsystemfordiving?

A.Itismorebiased.

B.Itismorereasonable.

C.Itisfairer.

D.Itistighter.

EatMore,WeighLess,LiveLonger

Clevergeneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhya

near-starvationdietprolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.

RonaldKahnatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,USzandhiscolleagues

havebeenabletoextendthelifespan（寿命）ofmiceby18percentbyblocking

therodent*s（啮齿动物）increaseoffatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhat

thinness--andnotnecessarilydiet--promoteslonglifein"calorie（热量卡）

restricted"animals.

"It1sverycoolwork,11saysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonoftheUniversity

11

ofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantzloseweightand

livelonger.It*slikeheaven.H

Calorierestrictiondramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsas

differentaswormsandrodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownz

partlybecausefewpeoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.

Butmanyresearchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffect

withadrugoncetheyunderstandhowlessfoodleadstoalongerlife.One

theoryisthateatinglessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcan

damagecells.ButKahn1steamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefit

bybecomingthin.

Tofindout,theyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin（胰岛素）receptor

（受体）geneinlabmice--butonlyintheirfatcells."Sinceinsulinisneeded

tohelpfatcellsstorefat,theseanimalswereprotectedagainstbecoming

fatz"explainsKahn.

Thisslightgeneticchangeinasingletissuehaddramaticeffects.By

1

threemonthsofagezKahnsmodifiedmicehadupto70percentlessbody

fatthannormalcontrolmice,despitethefactthattheyate55percentmore

foodpergramofbodyweight.

Inaddition,theirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived

753days,whilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthree

yearszallthecontrolmicehaddied,butone-quarterofthemodifiedrodents

werestillalive.

“Thattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefatcellsis

controversial,HsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstitute,of

Technology,whostudiescalorierestrictionandaging.

ButGuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsible

forincreasedlifespanincalorie-restrictedanimals."Itmightbethesame

effectortheremightbetworoutestolonglife,"hepointsout,"andthat

wouldbeveryinteresting."

41、RonaldKahnandhiscolleaguescanmakemicelivelongerby

A.offeringthemlessfood.

B.givingthemabalanceddiet.

C.disruptingthespecificgenesintheirfatcells.

D.preventingthemgrowinglarger.

42、Accordingtothepassage,wedonotknowwhetherhumanswillbenefitfrom

takinginfewercaloriespartlybecause

A.humanszwormsandrodentsaredifferent.

B.mostpeoplearenotwillingtobeputonastrictdiet.

C.theeffectisnotknown.

D.geneticchangesintissuescannotbeperformedonhumans.

43、Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?

A.Peopleliketoloseweight,buttheydonotliketoeatless.

B.Peoplewanttogotoheaven,buttheydopotwanttodie.

C.Micewillgotoheaveniftheyloseweight.

D.Miceenjoylosingweight.

44、Theaveragemodifiedmouselived

A.3years.

B.753days.

C,Morethan3years.

D.887days.

45、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheroutetolonglife?

A.Itremainstobestudied.

B.Ithasalreadybeendiscovered.

C.Eatingmoreleadstolonglife.

D.Eatinglessleadstolonglife.

第5部分：补全短文

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择

5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess?

Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?

Tomostpeople,itjustdoesn*tseemlogical.Butitislogical,sayexperts,

ifyouunderstandwhatcanhappeninapoliceinterrogation（审讯）room,

Undertherightconditions,people1smindsaresusceptible（易受影响的）

toinfluence,andthepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicegrillings（盘

问）isenormous.46"Thepressureisimportanttounderstand,becauseotherwise

it*simpossibletounderstandwhysomeonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidn11

do,Theansweris：toputanendtoanuncomfortablesituationthatwillcontin