贵州省贵阳市2021-2022学年高三上学期英语期末监测卷（解析版）

贵阳市普通中学2021-2022学年度第一学期期末监测考试试卷高三英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatsportdidthemanplaylastyear?A.Swimming.B.Football.C.Tennis.2.Whattimeisitnow?A.5:15.B.5:00.C.4:45.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanartgallery.B.InSophie'sapartment.C.AtPeter'shouse.4.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Restforalittlewhile.B.Tryaneasierproblem.C.Findadifferentmajor.5.WhatisSandra'smaingoal?A.TobereadytoplaywithBill.B.Tobechosenforthetennisteam.C.Topassnextweek'sscienceexam.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidthemanreallywanttodoatfirst?A.Swim.B.Gofishing.C.Haveapicnic.7.Wherewillthespeakersgonext?A.Toapark.B.Toamovietheater.C.Tothewoman'shouse.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Preparingtogetapet.B.Discussingtheirproject.C.Writingtheirpapers.9.Whatdoesthewomanpromisetodo?A.Dotheresearch.B.Maketheintroduction.C.Givethesummary.10.Howmanymembersareontheteam?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Gettingajob.B.Readingstories.C.Studyingatschool.12.Whatdoesthemandowhenhefindsthemagazine?A.Hereadsitfirst.B.Hegivesittohisfather.C.Hecopiesthepicturesfromit.13.Whatdoesthewomanprobablywanttodointhefuture?A.Writeabook.B.Workforamagazine.C.Becomeaphotographyteacher.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthemanwaitingtowatch?A.Abasketballgame.B.Amovie.C.Anatureshow.15.Whydoesthemandislikesportsreporters?A.Theyareboring.B.Theynevertalktotheplayers.C.Theyhavenoknowledgeatall.16.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.WatchTVtogethermore.B.WritetotheTVcompany.C.TurnofftheirTVservice.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whendoesthetalkprobablytakeplace?A.Onthefirstdayofschool.B.Ongraduationday.C.DuringtheSpringFestival.18.WhoisMs.Michaels?A.Theclasspresident.B.AnEnglishteacher.C.Ascienceteacher.19.Howdoesthespeakersound?A.Gratefulandconfident.B.Sorrybutenthusiastic.C.Uncertainandworried.20.Whatdoesthespeakertellthestudentstodointheend?A.Finishthejourney.B.Takepartintheevent.C.Choosethefuturecarefully.第二部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThefollowingbestbookswerechosenbySheaErnshaw,whoistheaward-winningauthorofthebest-sellingyoungadultnovelsTheWickedDeepandWinterwood.TheNeedbyHelenPhillips(2019).Thisbookissomehowbothhorrifyingandbeautiful,Mollyisapaleobotanist(古植物学家)whounearthsstrangeartifactsatthedigsitewheresheworks.Soon,shefindsherlifedriveupsidedown,withastrangerinherhouseandreasonstoquestionherownidentity.It’sunlikeanythingI’veeverreadbefore:fascinating,tragic,andunforgettable.TheMiniaturistbyJessieBurton(2014).Burtonhasawayofspinningtalessoeffortlesslythatyouhardlyfeelyourselfdeeplyattracteduntilyou’velostseveralhoursswallowinghalfofabook.Setin17th-centuryAmsterdam,TheMiniaturistismagicalandcharming,andaperfectescapefromourmodernage.TheBookofSpeculationbyErikaSwyler(2015).Thestoryofalibrarianwhoreceivesanoldbookonhisdoorstep.TheBookofSpeculationisfilledwithmysteries,magic,andtalesofcircusmermaids(美人鱼)whoalwaysdiefromdrowningonthesameday-July24.Familycursesandaseasidesettingmakethisaperfectautumnread.TheSnowChildbyEowynIvey(2012).Perhapsyou’veneverheardofthisbook,butIhopenowthatyouwouldfindacopyforyourselfandreaditonacoldwinterevening.Setin1920ontheAlaskafrontier,it’sastoryoffolktalesandhardship,bothheart-brokenandhope-filled.EowynIveyisamasterstoryteller,andthisjewelofabookshouldbeoneveryone’sshelf.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMolly?A.Sheisanarchaeologist.B.Shelikesdrivingverymuch.C.Sheisfondofreasoning.D.Shewriteshorrorfictions.2.WhatistheSnowChildabout?A.AcoldwintereveninginAlaska.B.Astoryfullofhardshipandhope.C.Amasterofidentifyingjewels.D.TheEuropefrontierin1920.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthetext?A.Travel.B.Lifestyle.C.News.D.Literature.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本文学作品及其故事梗概。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Soon,shefindsherlifedriveupsidedown,withastrangerinherhouseandreasonstoquestionherownidentity.(很快，她发现自己的生活被颠覆了，家里来了个陌生人，她有理由怀疑自己的身份)”可知，Molly喜欢推理。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Setin1920ontheAlaskafrontier,it’sastoryoffolktalesandhardship,bothheart-brokenandhope-filled.(故事发生在1920年的阿拉斯加边境，这是一个关于民间故事和艰难困苦的故事，既伤心欲绝，又充满希望)”可知，《雪孩子》讲的是一个充满艰难和希望的故事。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ThefollowingbestbookswerechosenbySheaErnshaw,whoistheaward-winningauthorofthebest-sellingyoungadultnovelsTheWickedDeepandWinterwood.(以下是SheaErnshaw选出的最佳书籍，他是畅销青年小说《TheWickedDeep》和《Winterwood》的获奖作者)”结合文章主要介绍了四本文学作品以及大概故事内容。可推知，文章可能选自报纸的“文学”版面。故选D。BIt'samazinghowoftenwetakeadvantageofthingsinlife.Whenwe'reusedtosomething,wedon'talwaysappreciatehowluckywearetohaveit.Whilewe'reherecomplainingthatourWiFiisn'tfastenoughandourvideoskeepbuffering(卡顿),therearepeopleinAfricawhodon'tevengettoeatthreemealsaday.Whilemostpeopleworkhardforthethingstheyown,it'simportanttostopandthinkofwhatothersdon'thaveeverynowandagain.Youmaynotthinkthatshoesaresomethingworthgoingcrazyover,buttheUgandawomanwoulddisagree.Afterall,shewentwildwhensheputapaironforthefirsttimeinherlife.That'swhatLauraGrierdidoneday.ThewomanwasinBwindiNationalPark,Uganda,whenshefeltitnecessarytostopandhelpsomeonebythesideoftheroad.Thepersoninquestionwasstandingaroundwithoutanyshoeson,andthesightconvincedGriertogiveupherownfootwear.Shehadmoreshoesathome,whilethiswomanhadneverevenwornapairbefore.Laura'sgenerositywasdefinitelyappreciatedbythestrangerwhotreatedherbenefactor(恩人)toacelebratorydance.Thewomancouldn'tkeepthesmilefromherfaceasshewentwildinherbrand-newshoes.Grierwasthrilledthathergooddeedhadmadethestrangersohappy,andshecheeredontheUgandanwomanasshedancedinthestreet.Thenexttimeyoubuyapairofshoes,rememberhowluckyyouaretohavethem.4.Whatdoestheauthortalkaboutinthefirstparagraph?A.Herviewaboutwhatwehave.B.Somethingthatweareusedto.C.Theappreciationofhershoes.D.HeropinionabouttheUgandawoman.5WhydidLauraGriergivehershoestothewoman?A.Tooffersomehelptoher.B.Toshowoffextrashoes.C.Toshowhercuriosity.D.Toexchangeitforameal.6.HowdidtheUgandawoman'sfeelabouttheshoes?A.Strange.B.Thankful.C.Shocked.D.Reasonable.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NeverExpectTooMuchofLifeB.Don'tAdmireWhatOthersHave.C.ValueWhatWeAlreadyHave.D.KnowMoreAboutAfrica.【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述LauraGrier遇到一个乌干达女人，将自己的脚上的鞋送给这个乌干达女人故事，告诉读者，要懂得珍惜拥有的一切。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whenwe'reusedtosomething,wedon'talwaysappreciatehowluckywearetohaveit.（当我们习惯于某个东西时，我们总是不懂得去感激我们是多么幸运能拥有它。）”和本段的举例可知，作者在第一段提出自己的观点，我们总是不懂得去珍惜感激现在所拥有的东西，故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“That'swhatLauraGrierdidoneday.ThewomanwasinBwindiNationalPark,Uganda,whenshefeltitnecessarytostopandhelpsomeonebythesideoftheroad.Thepersoninquestionwasstandingaroundwithoutanyshoeson,andthesightconvincedGriertogiveupherownfootwear.（这也就是LauraGrier那天所做的事。她站在乌干达布恩迪国家公园，这时她觉得有必要停下来帮助路边的人。那个人站在那里，没有穿鞋，这一景象说服了Grier放弃了她自己的鞋子。）”可知，Laura将鞋子给了那个乌干达女人是为了帮助她，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Laura'sgenerositywasdefinitelyappreciatedbythestrangerwhotreatedherbenefactor(恩人)toacelebratorydance.（Laura的慷慨无疑无疑得到了这个陌生人的感激，乌干达女人为她的恩人跳起了庆祝的舞蹈。）”可知，乌干达女人对于Laura所送的那双鞋充满了感激之情，故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whenwe'reusedtosomething,wedon'talwaysappreciatehowluckywearetohaveit.（当我们习惯于某个东西时，我们总是不懂得去感激我们是多么幸运能拥有它。）”和文章最后一段“Thenexttimeyoubuyapairofshoes,rememberhowluckyyouaretohavethem.（下次你买鞋的时候，要记住，你是多么幸运才能拥有它们的。）”可知，作者通过讲述LauraGrier送乌干达女人鞋的故事告诉我们，应该要珍惜我们现在所拥有的一切，故C项“珍惜我们所拥有的”符合文章标题，故选C。CThe2021(22nd)HainanIslandCarnivalkickedoffinHaikou,capitalcityofHainanprovince,onDec10th,2021.ZhangXu,Chinesevice-ministerofCultureandTourism,saidinhisspeechthattheMinistryofCultureandTourismwillcontinuetosupportHainanincomprehensivelydeepeningreformandopeningup,supportHainan'saimtobecomeaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter,andprovideassistancefortheconstructionofHainanFreeTradePort.ThefestivaljointlyorganizedbytheMinistryofCultureandTourismandthePeople'sGovernmentofHainanprovincehasbecomeavitalplatforminthepast20yearsforHainantostrengthencooperationandexchangesinthefieldsoftourism,cultureandsportswiththeworld.ThissessionofHainanIslandCarnivaldigsdeepintoallthepossible“joyfulelements”andfullydisplaystherichanduniquetourismandculturalresourcesofHainansoastoengagebothtouristsandresidentstoactivelyparticipateandinteractinbuildingHainanIsland,whichhasentereditspeaktourismseason,intoajoyfuldestinationforvisitorsaroundtheworld.Apartfromtheopeningceremonyaseriesofexcitingactivitiesarescheduledtobeheldduringthefestival,including2021HainanWorldLeisureTourismExpo,2021HainanInternationalTourismandFoodExpo,thesecondHainanInternationalTourismEquipmentExpo,thesecondHainanWorldCultureWeek,andthefourthChina-ASEANUniversityStudentCultureWeek.Haikouistheevent'smainvenue(主会场),whilefiveothercities,namely,Sanya,Danzhou,Qionghai,WanningandWenchang,willserveassupportingvenues,inwhichconferencesandexhibitions,cultureandart,sportsandcompetitions,andpromotionalactivitieswillbestagedtoenrichpeoplesvisitingexperience.Intermsoftourism,resourcesofattractivescenicspots,ruraltourism,shoppingtourismarefullyincluded,seventhematic(主题的)tourismroutesincludingshopping,ruraltourism,healthtourism,redtourism,conferenceandexhibition,researchandstudy,oceanictourismwillbelaunchedtoattractmorevisitorstotraveltoHainan,whichwillstimulate(刺激)tourismconsumptionandhelptheconstructionofaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“kickedoff”probablymean?A.struckB.endedC.declaredD.started9.WhatcanweknowabouttheCarnival?A.Wecanenjoyavarietyofactivities.B.ItisorganizedbySanyagovernment.C.ItisheldonlyintheCapitalcity,Haikou.D.Wecanvisitmorethan20platforms.10.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tosuggestwhatpeopleshoulddoafterit.B.Toshowthepotentialeffectsofthecarnival.C.Toprovetouswhytheyholdthecarnival.D.Tointroducehowtheydevelopshoppingtourism.11WhatwillHainanbeinthefuture?A.Amainvenueofthecarnival.B.Animportantplatform.C.AfreetradeportinChina.D.Auniversitystudentcenter.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了2021年第22届海南岛狂欢节。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“The2021(22nd)HainanIslandCarnivalkickedoffinHaikou,capitalcityofHainanprovince,onDec10th,2021.（2021年海南岛狂欢节于2021年12月10日在海南省会城市海口kickedoff。）”并结合文章第五段“Haikouistheevent'smainvenue(主会场)（海口是这次活动的主会场。）”提示可知，划线词此处指本次海南岛狂欢节与12月10日在海口开始举行，此处的kickoff意思与start相近，意为“开始”，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Apartfromtheopeningceremony,aseriesofexcitingactivitiesarescheduledtobeheldduringthefestival（除了开幕式，狂欢节期间也安排了一系列有趣的活动）”可知，在这次狂欢节，游客可以参加各种各样的活动，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Intermsoftourism,resourcesofattractivescenicspots,ruraltourism,shoppingtourismarefullyincluded,seventhematic(主题的)tourismroutesincludingshopping,ruraltourism,healthtourism,redtourism,conferenceandexhibition,researchandstudy,oceanictourismwillbelaunchedtoattractmorevisitorstotraveltoHainan,whichwillstimulate(刺激)tourismconsumptionandhelptheconstructionofaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter.（就旅游业而言，此活动包含了吸引人的旅游景点，郊区旅游，购物游，且特意推出了7条主题旅游险，吸引更多的游客到海南旅游，刺激旅游消费，并且帮助建设国际旅游消费中心。）”可知，最后一段主要讲述了此次欢乐节设置的活动对海南旅游业带来的潜在好处，故最后一段主要讲述此次狂欢节的潜在影响，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ZhangXu,Chinesevice-ministerofCultureandTourism,saidinhisspeechthattheMinistryofCultureandTourismwillcontinuetosupportHainanincomprehensivelydeepeningreformandopeningup,supportHainan'saimtobecomeaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter,andprovideassistancefortheconstructionofHainanFreeTradePort.（中国文化旅游副部长张旭在讲话中表示，文化旅游部将继续支持海南全面深化改革开放，支持海南成为国际旅游消费中心的目标，并为海南自由贸易港的建设提供支持。）”可知，文化旅游部将为海南成为自由贸易港提供支持和帮助，故海南将来会成为一个自由贸易港，故选C。DSicilianRougeHighGABAisaspecialtypeoftomatodesignedtocontainhighlevelsofgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)(氨基丁酸),anaminoacidbelievedtoaidrelaxationandhelplowerbloodpressure.Tokyo-basedstartupSanatechSeedCompanyteamedupwithscientistsattheUniversityofTsukubatodevelopanewvarietyoftomatoesusingCRISPR/Cas9gene-editingtechnology.NamedSicilianRougeHighGABA,thisnewtypeoftomatocontainsfivetosixtimesthenormallevelofatypeofaminoacidcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid,orGABA.AccordingtoJapanesemedia,thecompanyremovedaninhibitorydomain(抑制域)withinthetomato’sgenometoenableittoproducethesehighlevelsofGABA.AccordingtoShimpeiTakeshita,PresidentofSanatechSeedandChiefInnovationOfficerofPioneerEcoScience,theexclusivedistributorofthetomato,thecompanywasgivenpermissiontocommercializethegeneticallychangedSicilianRougeHighGABAvarietylastDecember,andcontractfarmerswhohavebeengrowingthemeversince.Now,thetomatoesarereadytohitstoreshelves.“Atfirst,wegotmixedreactionstogenome-editedfoods,andwethoughtitwouldbedifficulttobringthemtomarketasthey’renotfullyunderstoodbyconsumers,”TatsuoTakeshita,chairofSanatechSeedtoldNHK.“Butthetomatoesearnedagoodnamefromthosewhotookpartinthetrials.”AJapanesehealthministrycommitteegaveSanatechSeedpermissiontocommercializethenewtomatovariety.Theyprovidednotificationandthestartupplanstoshipeachpackageoftomatoeswithastickerthatsays“improvedusinggenome-editingtechnology”.Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfoods,genome-editedplantvarietiesareconsideredjustassafeasvarietiesimprovedusingtraditionalmethodsbecausenooutsidegeneisintroducedduringtheprocess.SanatechSeedhasalreadystartedacceptingonlineordersforSicilianRougeHighGABAtomatoes.A3-kilogramboxoftomatoeswillreportedlycost7,500yen.That’salotofmoneyfortomatoes.12.WhatdoweknowaboutSicilianRougeHighGABA?A.Itisbeneficialtoourhealth.B.Itcanpromotetomatoes’output.C.Itcontainshighlevelofnutrition.D.Itcanmakepeopleenergetic.13.Whopermittedthenewtomatoesintothemarket?A.PresidentoftheSanatechSeedCompany,B.TheUniversityofTsukuba,Tokyo.C.AJapanesehealthministrycommittee.D.ChairofTatsuoTakeshitaCompany.14.Howisthegenome-editedplantregarded?A.Harmful.B.Easy.C.Traditional.D.Secure.15.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoSicilianRougeHighGABA?A.Curious.B.Subjective.C.Dissatisfied.D.Objective.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了总部位于东京的创业公司SanatechSeedCompany与筑波大学的科学家合作，利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术开发了一种新的番茄品种。文章介绍了这种特殊类型的番茄的好处以及市场推广的情况。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SicilianRougeHighGABAisaspecialtypeoftomatodesignedtocontainhighlevelsofgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)(氨基丁酸),anaminoacidbelievedtoaidrelaxationandhelplowerbloodpressure.(SicilianRougeHighGABA是一种特殊类型的番茄，含有高水平的伽马氨基丁酸（GABA），一种被认为有助于放松和降低血压的氨基酸)”可知，SicilianRougeHighGABA对我们的健康有益。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“AJapanesehealthministrycommitteegaveSanatechSeedpermissiontocommercializethenewtomatovariety.Theyprovidednotificationandthestartupplanstoshipeachpackageoftomatoeswithastickerthatsays“improvedusinggenome-editingtechnology”.(日本厚生劳动省的一个健康委员会批准Sanatech种子公司将这种新的番茄品种商业化。他们提供了通知，这家初创公司计划在发运每包西红柿时贴上“使用基因组编辑技术改进”的标签)”可知，日本厚生省健康委员会允许新西红柿进入市场。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfoods,genome-editedplantvarietiesareconsideredjustassafeasvarietiesimprovedusingtraditionalmethodsbecausenooutsidegeneisintroducedduringtheprocess.(与转基因食品不同，基因编辑的植物品种被认为与使用传统方法改良的品种一样安全，因为在这个过程中不会引入外部基因)”可推知，基因编辑过的植物是安全的。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章主要以列举第三方的客观事实和言论为主，没有涉及自己对SicilianRougeHighGABA的态度，可推知，作者对SicilianRougeHighGABA的态度是客观的。故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadcanbeaquiteinterestingandrewardingexperience.Hereissomeinformationthatthevisitorshouldconsiderwhenplanningapossibletravelontheroad.Language.Whiletravelingalongtheroad,thevisitorcanmeetwithabout20differentnationalities.____16____.However,SomeethnicgroupsbeganlearningMandarin（普通话）andadoptedthelifestyleoftheHanpeople.Chinesebecametheofficiallanguageintheautonomousregions.____17____.Accommodations.TheSilkRoadspansmostofChina,frommoderncitiesinthecentralChinatovillagesandtownsintheremotewest.Accordingly,accommodationsalongtherouterangefromhighstandardhotelstosimpleguesthouses.InbigcitieslikeDunhuang,Urumqi,Lanzhou,thevisitorcanenjoyhighstandardhotels.Theyallprovideexcellentconditions,goodservicesandtheyarequitesafe.____18____.VisitorswithoutmoneymayconsiderthecheaperguesthousesbecausetheseguesthouseswithsimplerequipmentandbasicservicearefitenoughtoliveinformostChinesetravelers.Intheremotevillages,onlysimpleaccommodationsareavailable.____19____TravelbyRoad.BusesarethemostinexpensivemethodoftransportalongtheSilkRoadbut,unfortunately,theyareveryslow.____20____.Atravelbycarcanbetheonlywaytovisitsitesfarfromcitiesortownsthatwouldotherwisebehardtoreach.Rentalpricesarebasedonthenumberofdaysandkilometerstraveled,andsometimestheycanbenegotiated（协商）.A.ItoffersgoodviewsofthemountainsB.SomeofthemspeaktheirownlanguagesC.LearnsomeoftheirlanguagesbeforegoingD.ButthiskindofhotelsisalsothemostexpensiveE.CarsareofferedbysometravelagenciesandhotelsF.TheselocationsoffernothingbutaquitesimpleroomG.Today,Chinesecanbeeasilyusedamongthesenationalities【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了在计划游览丝绸之路时需要考虑的几方面。【16题详解】根据本段的小标题Language可知本段主要介绍的是语言。结合下文“However,SomeethnicgroupsbeganlearningMandarin（普通话）andadoptedthelifestyleoftheHanpeople.（然而，一些民族开始学习普通话，并采用了汉族人的生活方式。）”可知，空后转折说出一些民族开始学习普通话，故B项“他们一些人说自己的语言。”符合，B项中的them指代空前的20differentnationalities，且与空后构成转折关系，尽管他们说自己的语言，但是一些民族开始学习普通话，故选B项。【17题详解】根据空前“Chinesebecametheofficiallanguageintheautonomousregions.（汉语成为了这些自治区的官方语言。）”可知，空前与G项“现在，汉语很容易地在这些民族中使用。”顺义承接，因为汉语成了官方语言，因此能在这些地方很容易地使用汉语，故选G项。【18题详解】根据本段的小标题“Accommodations(膳宿)”并结合空格前的句子“InbigcitieslikeDunhuang,Urumqi,Lanzhou,thevisitorcanenjoyhighstandardhotels.Theyallprovideexcellentconditions,goodservicesandtheyarequitesafe.（在敦煌、乌鲁木齐、兰州等大城市，游客可以享受高标准的酒店。他们都提供极好的条件和良好的服务，而且都很安全。）”可知，空前提出了高标准的酒店，故D选项“但是这种酒店也是最贵的。”符合，与前文构成转折关系，说出这些高标准酒店都很昂贵，并引出后文较便宜的小型旅馆，故选D项。【19题详解】根据上文“VisitorswithoutmoneymayconsiderthecheaperguesthousesbecausetheseguesthouseswithsimplerequipmentandbasicservicearefitenoughtoliveinformostChinesetravelers.Intheremotevillages,onlysimpleaccommodationsareavailable.（没有钱的游客可以考虑更便宜的宾馆，因为这些拥有更简单的设备和基本服务的宾馆适合大多数中国旅行者居住。在偏远的村庄里，只有简陋的住所可以使用。）”可知，空前介绍的是在偏僻的村庄的住宿情况，所F项“这些地方只提供了一个非常简单的房间”相符，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Buses are the most inexpensive method of transport along the Silk Road but,unfortunately,they are very slow.（公共汽车是丝绸之路沿线最便宜的交通工具，但不幸的是，它们速度非常慢。）”和下文“A travel by car can be the only way to visit sites far from cities or towns that would otherwise be hard to reach.（汽车旅行可能是前往远离城镇、难以到达的地点的唯一方式。）”可知，上文提到的是公共汽车，下文提到了小汽车，故E项“一些旅行社和酒店提供汽车”符合，公共汽车是最便宜的，但却是最慢的，因此可以选择一些旅行社和酒店提供的汽车，因此下文乘坐汽车的旅行。故选E项。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。Gabrielaworkedforamultinational(跨国的)companyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBrazilandwastransferredtoSweden.Shewas____21____abouthernewrolebutsoonrealizedthatmanaginghernewteamwouldbeachallenge.Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn'tfeelrespectedasa____22____.Hernewstaffwould____23____herdecisionsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowto____24____atask,theywouldoftengoaboutitintheirownwaywithout____25____withher.Whensheannouncedherdecisions,theywould____26____givingtheiropinionsasifitwasstillupfordiscussion.Afterweeksoffrustration(郁闷),GabrielaemailedherSwedishmanageraboutthe____27____.Hermanager____28____askedherifshefeltherteamwasstillperforming,andwhatshethoughtwouldhelpherbetter____29____herteammembers.WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasa____30____conflict.Shewasusedtoamorehierarchical(等级制的)frameworkwheretheteamleadertookcontrolandgave____31____instructionsonhowthingsweretobedone.Insuchaculture,leadersmakethebigdecisionsandarenotoften____32____.HerSwedishteam,____33____,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewheresubordinates(下属)oftenworktogetherwiththeir____34____tofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leaders____35____coacheswhoencourage____36____thoughtandexpecttobechallenged.WhenGabrielabecame____37____theculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopen____38____withthem.Theconversationledtoabetterunderstanding.Fromthenon,Gabrielaandherteamwereableto____39____theirwaysofworking.Gabrielawasthenabletomakeadjustmentssoastomoreeffectivelymotivateherteamto____40____theirgoals.21.A.upsetB.excitedC.worriedD.shocked22.A.leaderB.friendC.teammateD.winner23.A.followB.avoidC.understandD.question24.A.turnonB.turntoC.carryoutD.carryaway25.A.checkingB.quarrelingC.debatingD.bargaining26.A.startB.continueC.delayD.risk27.A.satisfactionB.problemsC.amusementD.illnesses28.A.unwillinglyB.hardlyC.simplyD.quickly29.A.dealwithB.arguewithC.livewithD.workwith30.A.culturalB.religiousC.abnormalD.necessary31.A.abstractB.uncertainC.specificD.similar32.A.challengedB.trustedC.judgedD.accepted33.A.thereforeB.howeverC.furthermoreD.besides34.A.relativesB.assistantsC.parentsD.bosses35.A.laughatB.cheerforC.relyonD.actas36.A.commonB.independentC.regretfulD.traditional37.A.awareofB.proudofC.fondofD.afraidof38.A.argumentB.apologyC.conversationD.conflict39.A.chooseB.continueC.adaptD.keep40.A.doubtB.predictC.stopD.achieve【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D36.B37.A38.C39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Gabriela是巴西一家跨国公司的项目经理，最近被派往瑞典工作。员工尽管很友好，但是会公开质疑她的决定，这让她很郁闷。于是，她想自己瑞典的领导反应问题，和领导沟通后，她意识到这是文化冲突——瑞典员工喜欢和领导一起讨论问题。之后她和员工开诚布公地进行了对话，并做出了改变，以便大家能够高效地完成项目。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对自己的新角色感到兴奋，但很快意识到管理她的新团队将是一项挑战。A.upset沮丧的；B.excited激动的；C.worried担心；D.shocked震惊的。根据后文“abouthernewrolebutsoonrealizedthatmanaginghernewteamwouldbeachallenge”中but表示转折，可推测一开始很兴奋。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们很友好，Gabriela却不觉得自己是一个受尊重的领导者。A.leader领导；B.friend朋友；C.teammate队友；D.winner赢家。根据上文“managinghernewteam”可知她成了领导者。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的决定，当她指示他们如何执行一项任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式去做，而不与她商量。A.follow跟随；B.avoid避免；C.understand理解；D.question质疑。根据后文“herdecisionsopenlyinmeetings”可知，指在会议上公开质疑她的决定，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的决定，当她指示他们如何执行一项任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式去做，而不与她商量。A.turnon打开；B.turnto求助于；C.carryout实施；D.carryaway运走。根据后文“atask,theywouldoftengoaboutitintheirownway”可知，此处指执行任务，应用carryout。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的新员工会在会议上公开质疑她的决定，当她指示他们如何执行一项任务时，他们往往会按照自己的方式去做，而不与她商量。A.checking检查；B.quarreling争吵；C.debating辩论；D.bargaining讨价还价。根据上文“theywouldoftengoaboutitintheirownwaywithout”可知员工喜欢自作主张，不和她商量，checkwith表示“商议”。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她宣布她的决定时，他们会继续发表他们的意见，就好像它仍有待讨论一样。A.start开始；B.continue继续；C.delay推迟；D.risk冒险。根据后文“asifitwasstillupfordiscussion”可知，当她宣布她的决定时，他们会继续发表他们的意见，就好像它仍有待讨论一样。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经历了数周的沮丧之后，Gabriela给她的瑞典经理发了一封电子邮件，告诉她这些问题。A.satisfaction满足；B.problems问题；C.amusement娱乐；D.illnesses疾病。根据上文“Afterweeksoffrustration”以及上文描述的Gabriela和员工之间存在很多问题，故选B。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的经理只是问她是否觉得自己的团队仍然表现良好，以及她认为什么能帮助她更好地与团队成员一起工作。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.hardly几乎不；C.simply仅仅；D.quickly快速地。根据后文“askedherifshefeltherteamwasstillperforming”可知，经理只是问她是否觉得自己的团队仍然表现良好，故选C。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的经理只是问她是否觉得自己的团队仍然表现良好，以及她认为什么能帮助她更好地与团队成员一起工作。A.dealwith处理；B.arguewith争论；C.livewith忍受；D.workwith工作。根据后文“herteammembers”可知寻找解决办法是为了更好地和团队成员一起工作。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Gabriela所经历的是一场文化冲突。A.cultural文化的；B.religious宗教的；C.abnormal反常的；D.necessary必要的。根据后文“Insuchaculture”以及常识，可知Gabriela所经历的是一场文化冲突。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她已经习惯了一个层次更分明的框架，在这种框架下，团队领导人掌握控制权，并就如何做事情给出具体的指示。A.abstract抽象的；B.uncertain不确定的；C.specific具体的；D.similar类似的。根据上文“Shewasusedtoamorehierarchicalframework”可知，她已经习惯了一个层次更分明的框架，在这种框架下，团队领导人掌握控制权，并就如何做事情给出具体的指示。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样的文化中，领导者做出重大决定，而不经常受到挑战。A.challenged挑战；B.trusted信任；C.judged判断；D.accepted接受。根据上文“Insuchaculture,leadersmakethebigdecisionsandarenotoften”可知，在她原本的文化中，领导者做出重大决定，而不经常受到挑战。故选A。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的瑞典团队习惯了在低权力距离的文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与他们的老板一起寻找解决方案和做决定。A.therefore因此；B.however然而；C.furthermore此外；D.besides此外。结合前后文可知此处表示转折，应用however。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的瑞典团队习惯了在低权力距离的文化中工作，在这种文化中，下属经常与他们的老板一起寻找解决方案和做决定。A.relatives亲戚；B.assistants助手；C.parents父母；D.bosses老板。结合后文“Here,leaders”可知此处指领导或者老板，故选D。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这里，领导者扮演教练的角色，鼓励独立思考，并期待被挑战。A.laughat嘲笑；B.cheerfor欢呼；C.relyon依靠；D.actas扮演。根据后文coaches指领导扮演的是教练的角色，故选D。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这里，领导者扮演教练的角色，鼓励独立思考，并期待挑战。A.common共同的；B.independent独立的；C.regretful后悔的；D.traditional传统的。结合下文“expecttobechallenged.”可知，在低权威文化中，领导者扮演教练的角色，鼓励独立思考，并期待被挑战。故选B。【37题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：当Gabriela意识到她和她的团队之间的文化差异时，她和他们进行了一次公开的谈话。A.awareof意识到；B.proudof为……而感到骄傲；C.fondof喜欢；D.afraidof害怕。根据后文“shehadanopen_____withthem.”指意识到她和她的团队之间的