中考英语复习直接引语和间接引语专题讲解

中考英语直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语。在用直接引语时，引语前后都要加引号。引导引语的动词称为引用动词，如：say,ask,answer,reply等。引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面，间或插在引语中间。在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。【例】“Whoisit?”Annshouted.“Inevereatmeat,”sheexplained.“Situp,”hecommanded,“andholdoutyourhands.”当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say,tell等词后可以省略。【例】Hesaid(that)hehadlostthebag.TellherIamout.二、把直接引语变成间接引语时，要改变的内容1.要根据意思改变人称。2.要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。三、各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that可省略)。【例】Tonysaidtome,“Iwillleavethisbookinyourdesk.”→Tonytoldme(that)hewouldleavethatbookinmydesk.如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。【例】JanesaidtoTony,“You’dbetteraskyourfriendsforsomeadvice.”→JaneadvisedTonytoaskhisfriendsforsomeadvice.→JanesuggestedTonyaskinghisfriendsforsomeadvice.→Janeadvised/suggestedthatTony(should)askhisfriendsforsomeadvice.2.一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】Thewomanaskedme,“Canyoushowmethewaytothenearestbookstore?”→Thewomanaskedmewhether/ifIcouldshowherthewaytothenearestbookstore.直接引语是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用连词whether引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】Myfriendasked,“Willyoucomeherebybusorbybike?”→MyfriendaskedwhetherIwouldgotherebybusorbybike.直接引语是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常由连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】Heasked,“Thismathproblemisverydifficult,isn’tit?→Heaskedwhether/ifthatmathproblemwasverydifficult.3.特殊疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】Sheasked,“Wheredoyoucomefrom,Tom?”→SheaskedTomwherehecamefrom.4.表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义的疑问句直接引语如果是此类疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。【例】“Couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthetrip?”Davidsaidtohissister.→Davidaskedhissistertotellhimsomethingaboutthetrip.“Whydon’tyoubuyoneforyourself?”sheasked.→Sheadvisedmetobuyoneformyself.→Shesuggestedmebuyingoneformyself.→Shesuggested/advisedthatI(should)buyoneformyself.5.祈使句直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式的前面加not。【例】Mrs.Leesaidtoher,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”→Mrs.Leeaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday.Shesaid,“Don’ttouchmybook,Jack.”→ShetoldJacknottotouchherbook.6.感叹句直接引语是感叹句，变为间接引语时，可以用what,how或that引导。【例】“Whatasunnydayitis!”shesaid.→Shesaidwhatasunnydayitwas./Shesaidthatitwasasunnyday.Shesaid,“Howaloudthisstudentsings!”→Shesaidhowaloudthatstudentsang./Shesaidthatstudentsangveryaloud.四、将直接引语变间接引语时，需要注意的问题1.直接引语是客观事实、科学真理、谚语、习语、格言或为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实，变间接引语时，时态不变。【例】“Wherethereisnotrust,thereisnolove,”saidourteacher.→Ourteachersaidthatwherethereisnotrust,thereisnolove.Herfathersaidtothem,“Sheisagoodgirl.”→Herfathertoldthemsheisagoodgirl.2.直接引语中有表示过去某年、某月或某日等具体的时间作状语，变间接引语时，时态一般不变。【例】Williamsaid,“Iwasbornin1988.”→Williamsaidthathewasbornin1988.但当直接引语中有以since,while,when等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，变间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时。【例】Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwastenyearsold.”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherewhenshewastenyearsold.3.如果就在当地或当天转述，here不必变为there，动词come不必变为go；yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。【例】“Justcomeheretowaitformeafterschool,”said