培训学校考研英语强化班授课讲义

2007北京太奇培训学校考研英语强化班授课讲义(一)2007-KY-1

I.ReadingComprehension

内部资料翻印必究

TextI

[2006,RCText1]

Inspiteof"endlesstalkofdifference,"Americansocietyisanamazingmachinefor

homogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthe

casualnessandabsenceofdeference"characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto"a

cultureofconsumption"launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarrays

ofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite1'

thesewerestores"anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshopping

intoapublicanddemocraticact.'*Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesfor

homogenization.

Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogether

elevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,Gregory

Rodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistantto

assimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe

10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto

1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,home

ownershipandintermarriage.

The1990Censusrevealedthat"amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmost

commoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish'well'or'verywelFaftertenyearsofresidence,"The

childrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.MBythethirdgeneration,the

originallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies."HencethedescriptionofAmerica

asa"graveyard“forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970

hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-born

Americans.

Foreign-bomAsiansandHispanics"havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-born

whitesandblacks."Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedto

non-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.

Rodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslike

ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yetnsomeAmericansfearthatimmigrantsliving

withintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation'sassimilativepower/*

AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenough

tohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today's

socialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.(400words)

Notes:homogenizevt.使匀质。uniformityn.千篇一律，无变化。discoursen.讲演；会

话；论文。deferencen.遵从，服从，顺从。anarrayof(=arraysof)一系列；大量。elegantadj.

高雅的。catertov.迎合；满足。regardlessof不管，不顾。fitinto适合；符合。elevatingadj.

提高思想修养的。poisonousadj.有毒的；败坏道德的。forumn.论坛。unprecedentedadj.前

所未有的。priorto在…以前。indexn.[pl.]indices(=indexes)索弓I；指数；标志。intermarriage

n.(种族、宗教等之间的)通婚。countriesoforigin起源国。bilingualadj.能说两种语的。

proficientadj.精通的，熟练的。graveyardn.墓地，坟场。Hispanicn.西班牙的；拉丁美洲

的(说西班牙语的)。seethevi.因...而骚动。

1.Theword''homogenizing"(Line1,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

[A]identifying.[B]associating.[C]assimilating.

[D]monopolizing.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury

[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture.[B]becameintimateshops

forcommonconsumers.

[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite.[D]oweditsemergenceto

thecultureofconsumption.

3.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.

[A]areresistanttohomogenization.[B]exertagreatinfluence

onAmericanculture.

[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture.[D]constitutethemajority

ofthepopulation.

4.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?

[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic's

fearofimmigrants.

[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.[D]Toshowthepowerful

influenceofAmericanculture.

5.Intheauthor'sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis

[A]rewarding.[B]successful.[C]fruitless.fD]

harmful.

Text2

[2005,RCText1]

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthata

colleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmighteven

beoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas,alltoohuman",withtheunderlyingassumptionthat

otheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.Butastudyby

SarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeen

publishedinNature,

suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.

Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,like

theirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsand

services“thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.deWaal'sstudy.

Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,

themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,

whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobserve

whattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).So

whenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohand

hersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovideher

tokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthe

chamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeinthe

otherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemale

capuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.

Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestable

onlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,

arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelings

abundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairness

evolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestor

thatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(426words)

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

[A]posingacontrast.[B]justifyingan

assumption.

[C]makingacomparison.[D]explaininga

phenomenon.

2.Thestatement"itisalltoomonkey"(Lastline,Paragraph-1)impliesthat

[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.

|B|resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys*nature.

[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.

[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare

[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.[B]attentivetoresearchers*

instructions.

[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.[D]moregenerousthan

theirmalecompanions.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

[A]prefergrapestocucumbers.[B]canbetaughtto

exchangethings.

[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.[D]areunhappywhen

separatedfromothers.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

|B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

fD]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

Text3

ThewarondrugsintheUnitedStatesisanescalatingbattlethathas,asofrecenttimes,

reachedunprecedentedlevels.Ineverycityandstateacrossthenation,lawenforcementofficials

areworkingaroundtheclocktoeradicatetheillegaluse,possessionanddistributionofcontrolled

substancesatalllevelsofsociety.Theincreasingdevotionofresourcesandeffortstothebattlehas

achievedmixedresults.

Agrowingamountofmoneyisbeingdevotedtothefundingofthewarondrugsastime

progresses.Atlastcount,19.2billiondollarswasbeingspentannuallyontheongoingstruggle,

consistingofpayforlawenforcementofficials,education,treatmentandotheruses.This

staggeringamounttranslatesintoastunning609dollarspersecond.

Resultsarebeingachieved.Anarrestfordrug-relatedoffensesoccursevery20seconds,and

648peopleareputinprison

everydayondrug-relatedcharges.ThesenumbersillustratetheprevailingtacticusedbytheU.S.

governmentinthewaragainstdrugs-goingafterthepeoplesupportingtheindustry.Byremoving

boththesuppliersandpurchasersofillegaldrugs,itishopedthattheindustrywillcollapseby

itself,throughtheeliminationofsupplyanddemand.

Asidefromdirectlyarrestingthoseindividualsresponsibleforthesellingandpurchasingof

illegaldrugs,theUnitedStateshasalsoembarkedonacampaigntotakeawaythetoolsbywhich

thedrugsareused,primarilyintheformofneedles.Tothisend,therehasbeenarecentfederal

banonneedleexchangesintendedtorestrictaccesstothetoolsnecessaryfortheuseofsome

illegaldrugs.

Thisprogramhasdrawnharshcriticism,however,asithasresultedintheuseandreuseof

unsanitaryneedles,possiblycontributingtothenumberofAIDSinfectionsindruguserswho

wouldotherwisehaveavoidedinfectionbyusingsterileneedlesthatcouldhavebeenprovided,

butforthefederalban.AccordingtoastudyconductedbytheAIDSPreventionStudiesCenterof

theUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFrancisco,4000newinfectionsofHIV,thevirusthatcauses

AIDS,couldbeavoidedperyearifthefederalbanonneedleexchangeswaslifted.Thistranslates

intomorethan10newcasesofHIVavoidedperday,afigurethatcausesonetopauseand

considerwhetherthewarondrugsisbeingfoughtinthebestmannerpossible.(395words)

本文重点词汇和词组:escalating逐步升级的；asof从…起;aroundtheclock日日夜夜;

eradicate根除；杜绝；staggering大得惊人的；stunning令人震惊的；goafter追捕；sterile消

毒过的；embarkon着手，从事；butfor要不是…的话；HIV(=humanimmunodeficiencyvirus)

人免疫力缺乏病毒(艾滋病病毒)；liftvt.撤消，解除。

1.Byreferringto“mixedresults“inparagraph1,theauthormostprobablyintendstomean

A.allsortsofsuccessesB.confusedconsequences

C.positiveandnegativeeffectsD.significantandpleasingoutcome

2.Theauthoroutlinesthegovernment'sstrategyinthewarondrugsinparagraph3to

A.supportthemainviewpresentedinthetext

B.showthatthisstrategyisthemosteffective

C.discreditlaterthestrategyinsubsequentparagraphs

D.explainwhythestatisticscitedarerelevantandimportant

3.TheauthorbringsuptheissueofHIVandAIDSinfectionsinparagraph5inorderto

A.illustrateanothersocialissuethatisnotreceivingenoughattention

B.identifyonegroupofpeoplewhomthewarondrugsisindirectlyaffecting

C.illustrateanissuethatmustbetakenseriouslywhilefightingthewarondrugs

D.identifyoneofthemainmotivationsforthecurrentstrategyinthewarondrugs

4.Theauthor'sopinionoftheongoingwarondrugsisoneof.

A.strongdisapprovalB.criticalsupportC.reluctantoppositionD.silent

consent

5.Themainpointofthistextisto.

A.convincethereaderthatthewarondrugsisbeingwon

B.statetheharmfulnessofdrugsandsupportthewaronthem

C.highlighttheimportanceoflaunchingabattleagainstdrugs

D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofthewarondrugs

Text4(课外阅读)

[2003RCText1]

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltthe

OfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinated

withinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”of

espionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesuch

everydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.

Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,the

WorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit

“opensourceintelligence,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995

theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,bya

largemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantage

wasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivate

intelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsof

spying(coveringChileandRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermott

International.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutually

reinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.Lastweek

hisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisis

inUkraine.<4Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfrom

Ukraine,MsaysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.uAndwe'llhearbackfromsomeof

them.^^Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisk,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgood

informationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordeamsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary

intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford

briefsdon'tsoundlikeusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramatic

declarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinits

independentvoice.（396words）

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas.

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovanB.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimesD.revivedspyingasaprofession

2.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto.

A.introducethetopicofonlinespyingB.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwarD.honorhisuniqueservicestothe

CIA

3.Thephrase'makingthebiggestsplash'（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeans.

A.causingthebiggesttroubleB.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccessD.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.

A.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrueB.Straitfordguaranteesthe

truthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictabilityD.Straitfordisabletoprovide

fairlyreliableinformation

5.Straitfordismostproudofits.

A.officialstatusB.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaffD.militarybackground

Text2WordStudy

1.slackadj.1）松的,松驰的，宽松的：Aropeisslackifithasn'tbeenpulledtight.（如果•根

绳子没有拉紧，那它是松的。）2）松懈的，马虎的：Aslackpersonisonewhodoesthings

carelessly.（一个马虎的人是一个做事粗枝大叶的人。）3）缓福的：Thehorsewasmoving

ataslackpace.（这匹马以缓慢的步伐走着。）4）生意清淡，箫条：Businessisslackatthis

season.（在这个季节生意清淡萧条。）vt.1）放松；使缓梭：Slacktheropebeforetryingto

unitetheknot.延试图打结之前请把这条绳子放松。）Thetrainslackedoffitspeedasit

cameintothestation.（这列火车进站时，它放慢了速度。）2）vi.马虎，懈怠：Hewas

scoldedforslacking.（彳也由于马虎而挨骂。）

2.outragevt.（=shockoroffendsb.;upsetgreatly）震骇；触犯；使气愤：outragepublicopinion

违反民意。Theywereoutragedbytheannouncementofmassivepriceincreases.（物价大幅

上涨的消息•公布，他们气愤填膺。）n.1）残暴行为，罪#：TheuseofH-bombswould

beanoutrageagainsthumanity.（使用氢弹是反人类的残暴行为。）2）愤怒：Thefarmers

feltoutrageattheattackontheirvillages.（农民们对进攻他们的村庄感到愤怒。）同根词

outrageousadj.愤怒的；残暴的；令人反感而：outrageousbehavior令人愤怒的行为。

3.alltoo实在太：Theholidayswerealltooshort.（假期实在太短了。）Thedaypassedalltoo

quickly.（这天过得实在太快了。）

4.grievevi./vt.悲痛，难过;伤心：Ishallnotgrieveathisdeath.（他死我不会悲痛。）Iwas

grievedtoseethechangeinmyoldfriend.（我伤心地看到我老朋友的欣种变化。）grief

n.悲痛；悲痛的事：Mymotherisovercomewithgrief.（我母亲悲痛欲极。）Hiswild

behaviorwasagrieftohisparents.（他的粗野行为使他父母很伤心。）同根词grievousadj.

令人悲痛的；极严币:的。grievancen.不满意见，苦情，牢骚；抱怨不平：Hewon,tlisten

toourgrievance.

5.aboveall（=mostimportant）最重要的。

6.exchange交换；交流：toexchangeexperience交流经验。toexchangeviews交流观点看

法。exchange...for…把...换成...：WherecanIexchangedollarsforpounds?（我在哪里能

把美元换成英镑？）exchange...with和…交换：Heexchangedseatswithme.（他与我交

换座位。）n.交换；交流：asecretexchangeofmessages秘密交换信息。foreignexchange

reserves夕卜汇储备。词组：inexchangefor作为交换：Itookhiswatchinexchangeformy

camera.（我拿了他的事表换我的相机。）

7.inreturnfor作为…的回报；以答谢：I'msendinghimapresentinreturnforallhiskindness

tous.（我将寄给他一件礼品以答谢他对我们的好意。）

8.adjoinvt.与…相邻。markedly显着地,明显地。tossvt.（=throwsth.lightly）轻扔,掷。

inducevt.（=persuadeorinfluencesbtodosth.）弓|诱,诱发,诱惑。stemfrom（=comefrom）

来自°asyet（=sofar）至今。

Text3WordStudy

precedevi./vt.在…之前，在…前面：TheGreekcivilizationprecededtheRomanone.（希腊文

明先于罗马文明。）2）Theycameintotheroomprecededbyasmalldog.（一条小狗在前面，

他们走进房间。）3）Amajorprecedesacaptain.（少校的职位比大尉高。）4）Heprecededhis

speechwithawarningagainstinattention.（他讲话以前先警告听众不要心不在焉。）

同根词：precedencen.时间上在前。用于成语：giveprecedenceover给予优先地位:Thistask

mustbegivenprecedenceoverallothers.（这项任务应放在其它所有任务之前。）take

precedenceover比・••重:要：SomesayShakespearetakesprecedenceoverallotherwriters.（WA

说，莎士比亚的地位比其他所有作家高。）

precedentn.先例：Ifheisallowedtodothis,itwillbeaprecedentforothers.（如果允许他这样

7故，那对于其他人来说是个先例。）用于成语：setaprecedent开…的先例：Shesetaprecedent

asthefirstwomanexecutiveinthecompany.（她开了先例当公司的首任经理。）without

precedent没有先例：Itissomethingwithoutprecedentinhistory.

precedingadj.前面的：Irememberthewarbutnothingoftheprecedingyears.（我记得这场战

争，但对战前夕月记忆中荡然无存。）precedented：有先例的;unprecedented史无前例的，

空前的。

Text4WordStudy

1.bya...margin以，,,之差：1）Wewonthegamebyalarge/narrowmargin.2）Hewonthe

electionbyonlyonevote

margin.（他只靠一国之差赢了这次选举。）

2.makeasplash弓|人注目，弓|起轰动：Shehasmadequiteasplashinliterarycircleswithher

firstbook.（她的第一本书在文

学界大为轰动。）

3.earnone'skeep挣钱养活自己：Whenyouearnyourkeep,youwillbeabletodomanythings

thatyourparentscannot

affordtoletyoudonow.（等你自己挣钱时，你就可以做许多目前你父母没有力量同意你做

的事。）

earnone?sliving（=earnone?slivelihood）挣钱糊口，谋生。

4.leanvi/vt.倚，靠；倾，倾斜：1）Heleanedagainstthewall.（他背靠着墙。）2）Theycame

toPisaandsawtheleaning

tower.（他们来到比萨齐看到了斜塔。）3）Leanyourheadonmyshoulder.（把你的头靠在我

的身上：）

同根词：leaningn.倾向，偏好：1）Theirleaningsaretowardseducationforeveryone.2）Hehas

aleaningtowardsmusic.

leanadj.瘦而肌肉结实的；贫乏的；歉收的:aleanhorse;leancrops（歉收）；aleanyear（荒

年）；aleanstaff（人员单薄）。

5.onthechanceof（或that）怀着…的希望，期望…：1）Goaheadwiththeprintingonthechance

thatnomajorcorrection

mayprovenecessary.（开印吧，希望将来不需要有重大的勘误。）2）Filcallathisofficeon

thechanceofseeinghim

beforeheleaves.（我将到他办公室去拜访他，希望能在他下班前见到他。）

6.takepridein...以・,•而自豪：1）Don'ttakeprideinyourson.2）Hetook（a）greatpridein

beingamemberoftheclub.

prideoneselfonsth./doingsth.以,♦•而自豪：Shepridesherselfonherskillasagardener.

II.Writing

Directions:Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethephotosbriefly,

2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and

3)giveyourpointofview.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

多么生动的照片啊！一幅照片展现了一个年轻人的脸，脸上写着贝克汉姆的名字；另

•幅照片描绘了同样令人不安的情境，・位青年花300元理个发，就是为了模仿贝克汉姆的

发式。显然，作者打算提醒我们，这些青年人多么狂热地崇敬他们的偶像。

这些照片确实发人深省。我不由得把它们与另一个热门词“超女”联系起来，在2005

年“超女”这个词几乎风靡全国。这些照片是镜子，反映了年轻人渴望成功，犹如他们的偶

像。最近几年来，随着中国经济稳步增长，年轻人享受到了物质上的富裕，但是这并不总是

意味着精神上的满足。相反，他们中很多人越来越沉溺于追求毫无意义的事。他们仿效他们

偶像的行为：如何看上去酷、如何寻找欢乐，甚至如何与记者捉迷藏。他们羡慕他们的偶像

已经飞黄腾达，然而却从来不看一看偶像们攀登通向成功的荆棘之路。

依我看，很显然，这种狂热对年轻人颇为有害。现在该是教育年轻人如何正确敬仰偶

像。每个教育机构的责任是号召年轻人学会成功之道：成功总是来自于刻苦努力。

Whatvividpictures!Onepresentsayoungman'sface,onwhichthenameBeckhamis

painted,andtheotherdepictsanequallydisturbingsituation,whereateenagerspends300yuan

onhishaircutsimplybecausehewantstofollowBeckham'shairstyle.Obviously,thedrawer

intendstoremindushowcrazilytheseyoungstersareadoringtheiricons.

Thepicturesreallysetmethinking.Icannothelpassociatingthemwithanotherhotword

“supergiiT',whichalmostsweptovereveryChineseintheyear2005.Theyaremirrors,reflecting

howeagertheyoutharetosucceedliketheiricons.Inrecentyears,withChina'ssteadyeconomic

growth,theyoungstershaveenjoyedmaterialabundance,which,however,doesnotalwaysmean

spiritualsatisfaction.Ontheopposite,manyofthemfindthemselvesincreasinglyindulgedin

pursuingmeaninglessthings.Theyimitatewhatevertheiriconsdo:howtolookcool,howtolook

forfun,andevenhowtoplayhide-and-seekwithreporters.Theyenvyhowsuccessfultheiricons

havebecome,yettheynevertakealookatthethornyroad,alongwhich,theiriconsclimbupto

success.

Personally,Iholditself-evidentthatthiskindofcrazinesswilldogreatharmtotheyouth.It

ishightimethattheyweretaughthowtoadoreiconsproperly.Itistheresponsibilityofevery

educationalinstitutiontocallupontheyouthtolearnonethingaboutsuccess:successalways

resultsfromhardwork.(237words)

Notes:icon圣像，偶像。adorevt.(=lovedeeplyandrespectsb.highly)钟爱，敬爱。

曹记重点词语汉英对照：1.,个…；而另•个…：One…；theother…。2.仿效某人的榜

样/衣着和谈吐：followone'example/dressanddiscourse。3.发人深省：setpeoplethinkingo

4.cannothelpassociating...with...：不由自主地把…与…联系起来。5.渴望做某事：be

eagertodosth.(=desire/longtodosth.)o6.相反：ontheoppositeo7.仿效，模仿：imitate,

follow,modeloneselfafter/ono8.沉溺于：indulgeoneselfinsth.orindoingsth.o9.对某

人有害:doharmtosb.10.该到…时侯了：Itishightimethatsb.didsth.o

PutthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：

1.有两幅画呈现两种截然不同的情境：在温室中的花茁壮成长；而在暴风雨中的花朵凋谢

(witheraway)了。

2.有•些年轻人只模仿明星的外表而没有去研究明星成功所经历的道路。

3.这幅画真是发人深省。我不由自主地把成功与刻苦努力联系起来了。

4.该到我们永远牢记不能沉溺于甜蜜的梦想中，而应该踏踏实实地做点事情的时候了。

作业：1.认真复习本单元阅读文章和词汇工作；

2.背诵作文；熟悉短文框架、段落结构和常用句型；

3.安排“复习指导”中长难句语法结构剖析（第1章）和词汇（第2,3,4,章）的自学计

划，打好考研英语的知识基础；同时开始做阅读理解一章中的“中级阅读45篇”。用语法词

汇促进阅读，再用阅读巩固语法和词汇。

赠言：良好的开端是成功的一半。从今天起你就要全身心地投入到考研准备中去，以便在明

年的激烈竞争中立于不败之地。有得必有

失。你将为此失去很多很多。但是，你得到的是，在事业的征途中又登上了一个新的

台阶。

浮躁、急功近利和实用主义的世界观正侵蚀着我们年轻一代的心灵。但考研是一场净

化我们灵魂的洗礼，它磨练我们的斗志、考验我们的毅力。我们今天浴血奋战将换来我们明

天更美好的未来。我们子孙后代将踩着我们用汗水铺平的道路向科学文化进军！

Text1参考译文

尽管人们“无休止地谈论美国社会的差异性”，但是美国社会却是一部使人同化的惊人

机器。美国的民主化使人们的衣着和谈吐风格趋于一致，人们漫不经心、不拘礼节，没有强

制的顺从，这些都是大众文化的特点。人们融入到一种“消费文化”中去；这种文化是由

19世纪的百货商店开创的。这些商店在高雅的氛围中向消费者提供各种各样的商品。这些

商店不是去迎合知识精英的幽静宜人的商店,而是不论阶层和背景，任何人都能进去的商店。

这就使购物成为一种公众的、民主的行动。大众传媒、广告和体育是均质化的其他推动力量。

国外来的移民很快适应了这种大众文化：它可能全然不会提高人们的思想修养，但儿乎

也不会败坏人们的道德。GregoryRodri即ez在为《国家移民论坛》撰稿时报道说，今天的移

民既没有达到空前的数量，也没有抗拒同化。1998年移民占美国人口的9.8%；1900年占

13.6%。在1990年以前的10年中，每1000个居民有3.1个移民；而在1890年以前的10年

中，每1000个居民中就有9.2个移民。现在，想一想同化的3个标志：语言、住房所有权

和通婚。

1990年的人口统计披露，来自15个最常见的移民来源国的每个国家的多数移民在居住

了10年以后英语讲得“好”或“很好”。移民的孩子往往是讲双语的，并且精通英语。“到

了第三代，在大多数移民家庭中原来的本国语言消失了。”因而人们把美国说成是语言的“坟

墓”。到1996年，1970年以前到达的国外出生的移民房屋拥有率占75.6%,高于土生土长的

美国人的房屋拥有率（69.8%）。

国外出生的亚洲人和讲西班牙语的人“比在美国出生的白人和黑人的通婚率高。”到第

三代，讲西班牙语的女子中有三分之一嫁给非西班牙裔的男子：41%的亚裔美国女子嫁给非

亚裔男子。

Rodriguez指出，世界各地偏僻乡村的儿童是诸如阿诺德斯瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯这

样的超级电影明星的热情崇拜者（迷）：然而“有些美国人担心，生活在美国国内的移民仍

然由于某种原因不受这个国家的同化力的影响。

美国是否存在造成不和的问题和因愤怒而骚动的地区？的确，美国如此巨大，什么东

西都可能有一点。但是对照美国动荡的过去来看，今天的各项社会标志几乎没有表明存在着

一个黑暗的、日益恶化的社会环境。

Text2参考译文

人人都喜欢工资涨得多一点。然而，如果你了解到一位同事工资涨得比你还多，那么

你对自己涨工资的这份高兴劲就会荡然无存。的确，如果他是工作懒散而出了名的，那你甚

至可能会大发雷霆。这种行为表现被认为是“人所共有的"，言下之意，动物或许不会有这

种忿恨不平之感。但是，乔治亚洲亚特莱大市的Emory大学的SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal

发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究报告表明，这种行为也是猴子所共有的。

研究人员研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为表现。这些猴子看上去很伶俐。它们是性格和

善、善于协作的

动物，并且愿意分享