第02讲必修二Unit1Grammar（原卷版）-2020必修第二册

第02讲必修二Unit1Grammar（原卷版）-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第二册）【目标导航】本单元语法是主谓一致【知识精讲】一）、语法一致原则语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：1、不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：（1）Everypartistobecarefullycheckedbeforetheyareputtogether.组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。（2）Abigpartofthecornisusedtofeedchickens,pigsandcattleinthatcountry.在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。（3）Thesetoysaredesignedforchildrenunderthreeyearsold.这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。2、复合不定代词anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing及不定代词either,each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：（1）Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.每个人都为运动会做好准备了。（2）Everythingisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。3.单个的动词不定式（短语）、v-ing(短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：（1）Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。（2）Whentheycouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。4.由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与（短语）介词前面的主语保持一致。例句：（1）Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthepainting.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。（2）Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。5."manya(n)(许多）／morethanone(不止一个）＋可数名词单数＂作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。例句：（1）Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthispainfulprocess.很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。（2）Morethanonepersonisagainsttheproposal.不止一个人反对这个提议。6."oneof+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而＂the(only)oneof+可数名词复数＂后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。例句：（1）HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoShanghai.他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。（2）HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoShanghai.他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。7.在＂It+is/was+被强调部分＋that/who..."结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。例句：Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.是他们在那里工作了五年二）、意义一致原则这一原则是指从意着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：1.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。例句：Theownerandtheeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaperaretoattendtheconference.这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。（2）Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.这套刀叉在桌子上。（3）Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。2.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。例句：（1）Allarehereandallisready.所有的人都已到，一切就绪。（2）Allwhohavestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。（3）Nonehavearrivedyet.还无人到来。（4）Noneismorequalifiedforthetaskthanhim.没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。3"all/most/half/therestof+名词／代词＂或”分数／百分数＋名词／代词＂作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。anumberof...(许多。·····)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；thenumberof...(.·····的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：（1）Therestofthebuildingswereeasytogettoandtherestofhistimewasspentinenjoyingthebeautifulscenes.其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。（2）Hegotbackhome,findingthatsomeofthesugarwasspilledonthefloor.他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.邀请的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来。4.表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。例句：（1）Twentykilometersisquitealongdistance.20千米是相当长的一段距离。（2）Fiftydollarswasalargesumformeatthattime.那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。5.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题（1)有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle,people,police等。例1：Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting?有多少人参加了会议？例2：Thecattlearegrazingatthefootofthehill.牛群正在山脚下吃草。（2)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如：family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee(委员会）等。①强调整体，谓语动词用单数：例3：Therewasabigaudienceattheeveningparty.晚会上观众很多。例4：ClassOnesuggestsasecondvisittotheGreatWall.一班提议第二次游览长城。例5：Thefootballteamisbeingreorganized.这支足球队正在重组。②强调成员，谓语动词用复数：例1：Theaudiencewerealldeeplyimpressedbytheplot.故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。例2：ClassOnearealloutontheplaygroundtocheerfortheathletes.一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。例3：Thecommitteeagreetodiscusstheproposalatthenextmeeting.委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。（3)有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。例1：Thefurnitureinthisroomhasbeenmadetoorder.这个房间的家具是定做的。例2：Alltheirclothingisbrightandattractive.他们所有的衣朋都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。例3：Mostoftheirequipmenthasbeenshippedaheadofschedule他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。特别提醒单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一个方法都试过了。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有用。6."the+形容词／分词＂表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，村民救了伤员。三）、就近原则含义：这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则有以下几种情况：1.either..or..,or…,neither..nor..,notonly...butalso..,not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。例1：AreyouorhegodatEnglish?是你还是他擅长英语?例2：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwantstogoclimbing.不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。2.therebe句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。例1：Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。例2：Therearetwobooks,apenandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。【基础过关】语法专练(用括号内的词适当形式填空）1.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess_________(be)thesumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften_____(take)yearstoachieve.2.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_______(have)causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.3.Actually,thegarden,aswellasthetreesaroundit,________(belong)toamanlivingacrossthestreet.4.NobodybutthoseinvitedbyDrLi________(allow)toenterthepatient'sroom.5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_________(be)coveredbytreesandgrass.6.Themajorityofstudentsinmyschool________(be)admittedtofamousuniversitieseveryyear.7.Buseswerenotabletorunnormallyontheroadsbecauseof_______(be)theheavysnowandmorethanonestudentlateforschoolthatmorning.8.Fiveyears________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,and_________(be)reallyalongtime.forthem,fiveyears9.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.10.Thecommittee__________madeupof20memberswho__________expertsinmedicine.(be)对比选择1.①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat______gotfullmarks.②Heisoneofthestudentsthat__________gotfullmarks.A.haveB.has2.①About70%oftheteacherspresent________againsttheplan.②About70%ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater.A.isB.are3.①Thefamoussingeranddancer_________goingtotakepartinourpartythisevening.②Thefamoussingerandthefamousdancer__________goingtotakepartinourpartythisevening,A.areB.is4.①Anumberofstudents________playingfootballnow.②Thenumberofstudentsplayingfootball_______50.A.isB.are5.①Manyaboy__________thiskindofbicycle.②Manyboys___________thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likes6.①Icanworkouttwoofthefiveproblems,buttherest_________toodifficultforme.②Ihavefinishedonethirdoftheworkandtherest____________leftforyou.A.isB.are7.①EitheryouorI________goingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass,②EitherIoryou__________goingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass.A.amB.are8.①There________amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.2②There_________afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspapersonthetable.A.isB,are语法填空1.(2020·天津5月单项填空改编）Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddle-agedinthiscity_________(be)infavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.2.(湖南高考单项填空改编）Allweneed（be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.3.(湖南高考单项填空改编）One-thirdofthecountry___coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.(be)4.(安徽高考单项填空改编）Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_______（be)savedforotherpurposes.【能力提升】七选五Hollywoodmoviesareregularlyfilledwithsexandviolence.Theycanbeexcitingfilmsbutsometimesallyouwantisalittlelight-heartedentertainment.HaveyouheardofBollywood?Allsinging,alldancingandunrealistic,itistheperfectalternativetonormalHollywoodmovies.BollywoodistheIndianfilmindustry,basedinMumbai,formerlyknownasBombay.1YetBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.ThisyeartheIndianFilmAwards,Bollywood’sOscars,turn50yearsold.ThetypicalBollywoodmovieusuallyhasthefollowingingredients(组成成分):acupofromance,atea-spoonofcomedy,adashofinternationalsight-seeing,servedwithahugesliceofsinginganddancing.Therewillalsobeonebravehero,onebeautifulheroineandonebadguy.2Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.3Theactorschangeclothesandlocationswithinasinglesong.Buttheaudiencedon’tmind.ToIndianmovielovers,especiallythepoor,suchfilmsareagatewaytoheavenandthestarsaretheirgods.Thefilmstakethemtoamagicalworldawayfromtheireverydaytroubles.Thefilmstellthemthattheimpossibleispossibleandthattrueloveconquersall.4Behindthebeautifulscenes,Bollywoodstillemphasizes(重视)traditionalfamilyvalues.Inmostfilms,iftwoloverswanttobreakanarrangedmarriage,theycan’tjustrunaway.Theymustwinovertheirparents.Bollywoodisadecent(正派的)refreshingreplacementforthoseover-stimulating(评价过高的)Hollywoodfilms.5Theywilltakeyoutoabrighter,cheerierandmorecolorfulworldwhereit’sstillcooltodancearoundatreeandsingalovesong.A.Bollywoodhasgraduallywonitsreputation(名声)ontheworldstage.B.Thereisneveranymentionofpolitics,povertyorwar.C.MostChineseschoolkidshaveprobablyneverseenanIndianfilm.D.Bollywoodfilmsaremostlycomicromanceswithlight-heartedincidental(附带的)music.E.Bollywoodpaysgreatattentiontotraditionalvalues.F.Theresultisafun-filledmusical.G.Soifyou’retiredofallthatHollywoodactions,checkouttheBollywoodfilms.【培优拔尖】阅读理解AFromclassicfilmslikeTheLionKingtonewMarvelandStarWarsseries,theservicehasalengthylistofworthycontent.LookthroughthelistofmoviesyoucanwatchonDisney.HomeAlone(1990)AstheMcCallisterfamilytakeoffforParisfortheholidayseason,theyaccidentallyleavetheireight-year-oldsonKevinathomealoneatChristmas.Whilehe’sleftbehind,thehouseistargetedby2robbers,HarryLymeandMarvMerchants,whohavejustcomeoutofprison.Kevinislefttotakecareofhimselfanddefendhishouse.BeautyandtheBeast(1997)FollowingtheoriginalDisneyclassic,thefilmfollowseverybodyinthecastleastheypreparedforChristmasbackwhentheywerestillunderthespell(魔咒).ToldbyMrs.Potts,weseewhathappenedafterBeastsavedBellefromthewolvesandtheycelebratedChristmas.GoodLuckCharlie(2011)TheCharliesarereadyforagreatChristmasinPalmSprings.However,TeddyandAmyareseparatedfromtherestofthefamilyandmadlytrytofindawaytoPalmSpringsintimeforChristmas.Intheend,thefamilyarereunitedandlearnalessonaboutthetruemeaningofChristmas.Olaf’sFrozenAdventure(2017)OneofFrozen’sbreakoutcharactersOlaf,thesnowman,hashisveryownadventureashesetsoutonamissiontocreateChristmastraditionsforElsaandAnna.1.WhatdoweknowaboutKevininthefilmHomeAlone?A.Heknowstherobberyinadvance.B.Heislefthomealoneunexpectedly.C.Hedoesn’tlikespendingholidayinParis.D.Heiswillingtofightagainsttherobbers.2.Whatdothefourmovieshaveincommon?A.They’reallcomedies.B.They’reallintendedforkidsonly.C.They’reallrelatedtoChristmas.D.They’realladventurousfilms.3.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanweprobablyseethetext?A.Entertainment.B.Advertisement.C.Newsreport.D.Economy.BStanLeewasbornin1922.Whenhewasjust17,hegotajobatacompanythatmadecomicbooks.Althoughthesalarywasbeyondhisimagination,Mr.Leegottiredofit.Mostsuperheroeswerestrongandsmartandalwaysknewtherightthingtodo.Mr.Leewantedtohaveachancetocreatenewsuperheroesthathadweaknesses.Mr.Leedidn’tcreatetheheroesbyhimself.Heworkedwithartiststocomeupwiththeideas.Somepeoplethoughtthecomicbookswouldnotsellwellandthatthereaderswouldbeunhappytoseesuperheroesleadanormallife.Mr.Leewasabletocreatecharactersthatweredifferentfromanythingthathadbeenseenincomicbooksbefore.TheIncredibleHulkwasareallyniceguyuntilhegotangry.Spider-Manwasneversurehewasdoingtherightthing,buthealwaysseemedtohavesomethingfunnytosaytothebadguys.Mr.Leemadeitokayforcomicbookheroestobelikecommonpeople.Healsohadthecleverideaofhavinghiscomicbookheroesappearineachother’sstories.Forexample,Spider-ManmightshowupinaFantasticFourstory.Thismadereadersfeelshocked.Healsobroughtthemintotherealworld.BatmanandSupermanlivedinmade-upcities.ButMr.LeedecidedthatPeterParker(whoturnsintoSpider-Man)shouldliveinNewYorkCity.In1980,Mr.Leemoved