高考英语三轮复习阅读理解七选五冲刺训练：说明文篇

高考英语三轮复习阅读理解七选五冲刺训练：说明文篇（5）①为什么蚊子叮咬会痒【题目】Ifyou’veeverbeenbittenbyamosquito,youknowhowfrustratingtheirbitescanbe.____1____,creatinganitch(痒)thatonceyoustartscratchingonlyseemstogetworse.Whydoesamosquitobiteitchandwhatcanwedo?Whydoesamosquitobiteitch?Whenamosquitobitesyou,itpiercestheskinusingaspecialmouthparttosuckupbloodandinjectssaliva(唾液)intoyourskin.Mosquitoes’salivahaslotsofproteinsinit,someofwhichourbodyrecognizesasforeign,andourimmunecellsspringintoactiontotrytofightthem.____2____.It’sactuallythebody’sresponsetotheforeignmosquitoproteinitistryingtofight.That’swhysomepeoplemayonlyhaveamildreactiontobites,whileothers,moresensitivetotheforeignprotein,reactwithlargeareasofswellingthataremorepainful.Whathelpsresisttheurgetoscratch?“Don’tscratch”istheadvicethatmostexpertsandhealthprofessionalsgive.Ashardandsometimesunrealisticasitcansound,scratchinginflames(发炎)theskin,andtheinflammationmakestheskinitchmore.“____3____,”warnedDanielMarkowski,technicaladviserfortheAmericanMosquitoControlAssociation,addingthatinextremecases,peoplecanscarthemselves.Instead,therearedozensofcreamsandspraysthatpromiseitchreliefaswellashomeremedy(疗法).Choosewhat’srightforyoucanoftencomedowntotrialanderror.Ingeneral,allofthevariousanti-itchcreamsareverysimilar.Thereisnoscientificevidencetheseremedieswork,andtheycancomewiththeirownprecautionsorsideeffects.____4____.____5____Somepeoplecanhaveseriousallergicreactionstomosquitoes,althoughinpracticeitisrare,Vosshallsaid.Ifyouexperienceseveresymptomssuchasbreathingtrouble,youshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediately.A．Whentoseekmedicalattention?B．Whattodowithamosquitobite?C．It’snotthebitethatcausestheitchD．Themoreyouscratch,themoretheyitchE．ThelittleredbumpsswellupalmostimmediatelyF．ScratchingcancausesecondaryinfectionsandprolongtheirritationG．Infact,thebestremedytofighttheitchistopreventabiteinthefirstplace【答案&解析】1．E2．C3．F4．G5．A1．根据下文“creatinganitch(痒)thatonceyoustartscratchingonlyseemstogetworse(产生一种瘙痒感，一旦你开始抓挠，似乎只会变得更严重)”可知，下文是空格处的结果状语。E项“Thelittleredbumpsswellupalmostimmediately.(这些小红肿几乎立即膨胀起来)”承接上文说明蚊子叮咬后的反应，又可以导致下文“抓挠只会变得更严重”的结果，符合文意。故选E。2．根据本段小标题“Whydoesamosquitobiteitch?(为什么蚊子叮咬会痒？)”可知，本段主要讲述为什么蚊子叮咬会痒。根据下文“It’sactuallythebody’sresponsetotheforeignmosquitoproteinitistryingtofight.(实际上，这是身体对它试图对抗的外来蚊子蛋白质的反应)”中的“actually”推知，空处陈述人们大都认为叮咬会痒的原因——蚊子的叮咬。空格C项“It’snotthebitethatcausestheitch.(瘙痒不是由咬引起的)”，符合文意。故选C。3．根据下文“addingthatinextremecases,peoplecanscarthemselves.(他补充道，在极端情况下，人们会给自己留下疤痕)”可知，上文应阐述瘙痒产生的一般后果。F项“Scratchingcancausesecondaryinfectionsandprolongtheirritation.(搔痒可能会导致继发感染并延长刺激时间)”，符合文意。故选F。4．根据上文“Thereisnoscientificevidencetheseremedieswork,andtheycancomewiththeirownprecautionsorsideeffects.(没有科学证据表明这些药物有效，它们可以有自己的预防措施或副作用)”可知，没有科学证据表明止痒霜有效，且可能有副作用。由此推知，下文应提及对抗瘙痒的有效方法。G项“Infact,thebestremedytofighttheitchistopreventabiteinthefirstplace(事实上，对抗瘙痒的最好方法是首先防止被咬)”，符合文意。故选G。5．根据本文结构可知，空格处是本段的小标题。根据下文“Ifyouexperienceseveresymptomssuchasbreathingtrouble,youshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediately.(如果出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医)”可知，本段主要围绕“就医”展开论述，且应是一个问句。A项“Whentoseekmedicalattention?（何时就诊？）”，符合文意。故选A。【重点词汇&词组】1.itch（n.痒）2.saliva（n.唾液）3.Don’tscratch（不要挠）4.precautions（n.预防措施）5.seek（v.寻找，寻求）6.mosquito（n.蚊子）7.pierces（v.刺穿）8.proteins（n.蛋白质）9.immune（adj.免疫的）10.reaction（n.反应）11.foreign（adj.外来的）12.swelling（n.肿胀）13.inflames（v.使…发炎）14.creams（n.霜）15.sprays（n.喷雾剂）16.relief（n.减轻）17.remedy（n.治疗）18.trialanderror（不断试验）19.anti-itch（抗痒）20.scientific（adj.科学的）21.evidence（n.证据）22.precautions（n.预防措施）23.sideeffects（副作用）24.allergicreactions（过敏反应）25.severe（adj.严重的）26.medicalattention（医疗注意）27.breathingtrouble（呼吸困难）28.rare（adj.罕见的）29.remedies（n.药物）30.prevention（n.预防）31.firstplace（首先）32.annoying（adj.烦人的）33.redbumps（红肿）34.sensitive（adj.敏感的）35.prolong（v.延长）36.secondary（adj.次要的）37.infections（n.感染）38.hard（adj.困难的）39.unrealistic（adj.不切实际的）40.scarring（n.疤痕）41.springintoaction

②激励自己成功的方法【题目】HowtoInspireYourselftoAchieveTopSuccessOften,manypeoplerisetosuccessfulheightsandfall,nevertospringbackup.____1____Hereareafewwaystoinspireyourselftoachievetopsuccess.Berealisticwithyourgoals.Manypeopleacceptgoal-settingasoneoftheprimarystepsinanysuccessfuljourney.Whilegoal-settingisthefirststeptosuccess,doingitthewrongwaycansetyouseveralstepsbackandmakeyourjourneystressful.____2________3____Ideation(构思过程)involvestheformationofnewideasandconceptsandisanessentialprocessinfindingnewwaystocompleteyoursuccessjourney.Theprocessdoesn’tendafterdreamingofnewideas.Goingfurthertowritethemdownandbrainstormingcanhelpyouadjustthem.Notethatwell—constructedideascanmakeeffortmoremanageable,especiallywhensolvingaproblem.Asexpertsalwayssay,“Definetheproblemwell,andthesolutionwillpresentitself.”Knowwhentomultitaskandwhentodeepfocus.It’sappealingtoengageinmultipletaskstogetthingsdone.____4____However,sometasksmayrequireextremefocusing.Seasoneddesignandwritingprofessionalsoftentakethisapproach.J.K.Rowling,forexample,spendsmanyweeksawayfromregularlifetowriteherbooks.Meditate(冥想)whenyoucan.____5____.You’relikelytoproduceverylittleresultswhenyourmindisblockedandtired.Meditationisagreatwaytoregenerateandfacilitateyourrestorationprocess.A．DreamoftheproblemsB．WritedownideasandbrainstormC．ItpaystosetrealisticandmeasurablegoalsD．That’sthereasonwhyweneedtorisetosuccessE．RestingthemindcanbeanotherformofinspirationF．MultitaskingmaynotbeabadwayofclearingyourdeskandgeneratingresultsG．That’sbecauserisingtosuccessisonethingandmanagingthesuccessfulstageanother【答案&解析】1．G2．C3．B4．F5．E1．根据上一句“Often,manypeoplerisetosuccessfulheightsandfall,nevertospringbackup(通常，许多人会成功地爬到高处，然后跌倒，再也不会振作起来)”可知，G选项“That’sbecauserisingtosuccessisonethingandmanagingthesuccessfulstageanother(这是因为爬起来走向成功是一回事，成功阶段的管理是另一回事)”切题，该选项与上一句构成因果关系，解释了许多人许多人爬到成功的高度又跌倒了，再也没有振作起来的原因，是因为成功阶段需要管理，且该选项中的“rising”与上一句中的“rise”相呼应。故选G项。2．根据上文“Berealisticwithyourgoals…Whilegoal-settingisthefirststeptosuccess,doingitthewrongwaycansetyouseveralstepsbackandmakeyourjourneystressful(对你的目标要现实……虽然目标设定是通往成功的第一步，但错误的做法会让你倒退几步，让你的旅程充满压力)”可知，本段主要阐述设定的目标要现实，因此，C选项“Itpaystosetrealisticandmeasurablegoals.(设定现实的、可衡量的目标是值得的)”切题。该选项中的“realistic”与上文“realistic”相呼应。故选C项。3．根据下文“Ideationinvolvestheformationofnewideasandconceptsandisanessentialprocessinfindingnewwaystocompleteyoursuccessjourney.Theprocessdoesn’tendafterdreamingofnewideas.Goingfurthertowritethemdownandbrainstormingcanhelpyouadjustthem.(构思包括形成新的想法和概念，是寻找新方法完成成功之旅的一个重要过程。这个过程不会在梦想新想法后结束。进一步把它们写下来，头脑风暴可以帮助你调整它们)”可知，下文主要阐述了要构思新的想法和概念，充分运用“头脑风暴”，寻找解决问题的方法，因此，B项“Writedownideasandbrainstorm(写下想法并进行头脑风暴)”切题，该选项统领本段，下文详细解释了具体如何去构思想法和进行头脑风暴，且该选项中的“brainstorm”与上文“brainstorming”相呼应。故选B项。4．根据上文“It’sappealingtoengageinmultipletaskstogetthingsdone.(参与多项任务而去完成任务是很有吸引力的)”以及下一句“However,sometasksmayrequireextremefocusing.(然而，有些任务可能需要极度专注)”可知，完成多项任务是很有吸引力的，但是并不是任何情况下都可以多任务，有些任务需要专注，推知，该空与下文“有些任务可能需要极度专注”构成转折关系，因此，F选项“Multitaskingmaynotbeabadwayofclearingyourdeskandgeneratingresults.(多任务处理可能是清理办公桌并产生结果的好方法)”切题，该选项承上启下，符合上下文句意，且该选项中的“Multitasking”与上文中的“multipletasks”相呼应。故选F项。5．根据上文“Meditate

whenyoucan.(尽可能地冥想)”与下文“You’relikelytoproduceverylittleresultswhenyourmindisblockedandtired.Meditationisagreatwaytoregenerateandfacilitateyourrestorationprocess.(当你的大脑被阻塞和疲劳时，你很可能不会产生什么结果。冥想是一种很好的恢复和促进你的重建过程的方法)”可知，当大脑被阻塞或疲劳时，大脑思维不灵活，而冥想是一种很好的恢复方法，推知大脑得到休息恢复后可能产生灵感。因此，E选项“Restingthemindcanbeanotherformofinspiration.(休息的思想可以是另一种形式的灵感)”切题，该选项承上启下，且选项中的“Restingthemind”与上文中的“Meditate”相呼应。故选E项。【重点词汇&词组】1.rise-verb,上升，成功2.goal-setting-noun,目标设定3.ideation-noun,创意构思4.multitask-verb,多任务处理5.meditate-verb,冥想6.realistic-adject