2021届江苏省XX中学高三上学期10月月考英语试题(解析版)-听力

2021/2021学年度第一学期高三测试英语试卷第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.B.Themanhasn’tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.C.Themanlostthosetools.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hedoesn’tlikehisjob.B.Hewillnotgiveuphisjob.C.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teachersandstudents.C.Headmasterandteachers.4.Whoisworriedaboutgainingweight?A.Theson.B.AuntLouise.C.Themother.5.Whydoesn’tthewomanbuythecoat?A.Itisexpensive.B.Thereisn’thersize.C.Shedoesn’tlikethecolor.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Ahotelclerk.B.AhouseagentC.Ashopassistant.7.Whatisthepillowfilledwith?A.Cotton.C.Driedflowers.C.Aspecialmaterial.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatkindofskillsdoesthewomannothave?A.Operatingcomputers.B.Doingbusiness.C.Typing.9.Whichcompanydidthewomanworkin?A.Atradingcompanyandatrustcompany.B.Atrustcompany.C.Atradingcompany.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.What’swrongwiththewoman’smother?A.Shehasbeensick.B.Shemissesherfamilyandfriends.C.Shecan’tearnenoughtosupportherfamily.11.Wheredoesthewomanlive?A.InAmericaB.InIndia.C.InBritain.12.Whatdoesthewomanplantodonextyear?A.Studyanewlanguage.B.TraveltoIndia.C.Visitherfather’snativecountry.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.HowmanyEconomicslectureswillthemanattendeveryweek?A.Fivetimes,fromMondaytoFriday.B.Twotimes,onThursdayandFriday.C.TwotimesonTuesdayandThursday.14.Whydidthemanmissthemeetingforthenewstudentsyesterday?A.Becausehehadn’treceivedanynoticeaboutthatmeeting.BBecausehehadtoattendthegroupdiscussion.C.Becausehehadtodosomeparttimejobsyesterday.15.Ifastudentwantstoearnthescholarship,whatistherequiredattendancerate?A.80%B.90%C.100%16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheconversation?A.Themanisagradeonestudentintheuniversity.B.Themanhastoworkafterschool.C.Themanthinksthetimeofthelectureistooearly.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity?A.Oneyear.B.Tenyears.C.Eighteenyears.18.Whatisthespeaker’sopiniononpublictransport?A.It’scomfortable.B.It’stime-saving.C.It’scheap.19.Whatisgoodaboutlivinginasmalltown?A.It’ssafer.B.It’shealthier.C.It’smoreconvenient.20.Whatkindoflifedothespeakersseemtolikemost?A.Busy.B.Colorful.C.Quiet.第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并涂黑AFeelingdown?Whynotvisitoneofthesefourwebsites?CThissitewascreatedin1999andgetsaboutsevenmillionvisitorpermonth.TwoofitsvideoshavebeenchosenaswinnersfortheWebbyAwards:PixarIntroParodyandWebSiteStory.Otherfunnyvideostolooksoutforincludeadebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgoingtocollege.FThissitehaslotsofreallyfunnyvideosAndasthenamesuggests,usersvoteonvideos,choosingtheoptions“funny”or“die”.Ifthevideoreceivestoomany“die”votes,it'ssenttothesite's“crypt”.Butifitgetsenough“funny”votes,itgoesintotheHallofFame.Thesitewascratedin2006bycomediansWillFerrellandAdamMcKay.Thesite’sfirstvideo.TheLandlordhashadover70millionviewsVideostowatchoutforincludeJustaTip:Taxi,withsomevaluableadviceonhowtocatchataxi,andOverAnalyzingTexts,withsometipsonhowtorespondtotextmessagesRFoundedin2005,Risasocialnewsandentertainmentwebsite.Registeredusersputfunnycontentintheformofthevideolinkortextsonthewebsite.Otherusersthenvotethesethings“up”or“down”.Themostrecentandwell-likedcontentappearsatthetoponthefrontpageofthesite.TFirstappearingasasatiricalnewspaperin1988,Thashundredofvideosandarticlesonnewsandcurrentaffairs,andreceivesanaverageof7.5millionvisitorsamonths.It’sfamousforitsamusingitems,suchasMichelleObamaSeenOutsideWalkingFamilyRhinocerosorDadCan’tBelieveLawn.1.IfyouwanttowatchvideoseverwinningtheWebbyAwards,youcanvisit____________.A.R B.CC.T D.F2.VideosonthewebsiteFare__________.A.watchedover70milliontimesB.votedbytheirusersC.basedonnewspaperstoriesD.createdbyusers3.WhatdoRandThaveincommon?A.TheyincludefunnyvideosB.TheyincludevaluableadviceC.TheyincludedebatesoneducationD.Theyprovidesatiricalnews【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲了当你心情低落的时候，可以访问文中推荐的四个网址。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据C中TwoofitsvideoshavebeenchosenaswinnersfortheWebbyAwards:PixarIntroParodyandWebSiteStory.Otherfunnyvideostolooksoutforincludeadebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgoingtocollege.可知，如果你想观看获得“威比奖”的视频，你可以访问Collegehumor.Com。故选B。2题详解】细节理解题。根据F中ThissitehaslotsofreallyfunnyvideosAndasthenamesuggests,usersvoteonvideos,choosingtheoptions“funny”or“die”.可知，在F网站上的视频是由用户投票选出的。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据R中Foundedin2005,Risasocialnewsandentertainmentwebsite.Registeredusersputfunnycontentintheformofthevideolinkortextsonthewebsite.和T中It’sfamousforitsamusingitems可知，R和T的共同之处是它们都包括有趣的视频。故选A。BNexttimeyourplanelands,listentothesoundofthetyreshittingtheground.Thereasonthetyresdon’texplodeisbecausetheyaremadeofnaturalrubber.Thetyresofcars,motorbikesandtrucksarealsooftenmadeofthesamestuff.Naturalrubbercomesfromtrees,Workerscutthetrunksofthetreesandcollectawhiteliquidcalledlatex.Inthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,hugenumbersofrubbertreeswereplantedincountriesincludingMalaysia,BurmaandBrazil.Morethanacenturyago,scientistsdiscoveredhowtomakeman-maderubber,butnaturalrubberismuchstrongerandcanlastmuchlonger.Nearlyhalftherubberwhichisproducedeachyearisnaturalrubberandthereisalwaysaneedformore.Rubbertreesarenoteasytogrow.Theyareaffectedbychangesintemperature,tomuchornotenoughrain,highwindsanddisease.Sometreessurvivewhileothersdieandit’salldowntotheirgenes.TwoBritishorganizations,theTunAbdulRazakResearchCenter(TARRC)andTheGenomeAnalysisCenter(TGAC),havebeenworkingtogethertolookatrubbertrees.ThisisthegenesfittogetherinverylongchainsofDNA.Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeoranimalneedstogrow.Thegenomecontainsalltheinformationtheplantoranimalneedstogrow.Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeissmallerthanahumangenomebutitisstillverylong,whichiswhyithasbeensodifficulttofind.AsEwanMollisonofTARRCsays,theworkhasbeenlikeputtingapicturepuzzletogetherwhereallthepiecesshowblueseaandbluesky.Nowscientistscanusetherubbertreegenometoproducestrongertrees.Byunderstandingthegenome,theycanchangetheDNAinrubbertreesinusefulways.Theycanalsodoitmuchfasterthanbefore.Inthefuture,itwillbepossibletogrowtreeswhichsurviveclimatechangeanddisease.4.WhatcharacteristicsofnaturalrubbercanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A.Inexpensive. B.Flexible C.Conductive D.Explosive.5.Whatmadenaturalrubbersodemandingeachyear?A.QuantitiesofrubbertreeswereplantedinSoutheastAsiaB.Rubbertreesarenoteasilyaffectedbytheclimatechange.C.Bynowscientistshaven’tdiscoveredhowtomakeman-maderubber.D.Naturalrubberismuchtougherandmorelastingthanman-maderubber.6.WhatdoesEwanMollisonsuggestinParagraph3?A.Theworksoundsasinterestingasapicturepuzzle.B.Thegenomeofarubbertreeisasblueasseaandsky.C.ThegenomeofarubbertreeisnoteasytobeidentifiedD.Completingapicturepuzzlewithseaandskyisdifficult.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheOriginofNaturalRubber B.TheApplicationofNaturalRubberC.NaturalRubber:It’sAllinthegenes D.NaturalRubberVSMan-madeRubber【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，因为其更坚韧更持久的特性，每年都需求量巨大，但是橡胶树不容易生长。它们会受到温度变化、雨量多或少、强风和疾病的影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。但是天然橡胶的基因很难被识别。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Nexttimeyourplanelands,listentothesoundofthetyreshittingtheground.Thereasonthetyresdon’texplodeisbecausetheyaremadeofnaturalrubber.Thetyresofcars,motorbikesandtrucksarealsooftenmadeofthesamestuff.可知下次你的飞机着陆时，听听轮胎撞击地面的声音。轮胎不会爆炸的原因是因为它们是由天然橡胶制成的。汽车、摩托车和卡车的轮胎通常也是用同样的材料制造的。由此可推知，天然橡胶有灵活性。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Morethanacenturyago,scientistsdiscoveredhowtomakeman-maderubber,butnaturalrubberismuchstrongerandcanlastmuchlonger.Nearlyhalftherubberwhichisproducedeachyearisnaturalrubberandthereisalwaysaneedformore.可知一个多世纪前，科学家发现了制造人造橡胶的方法，但是天然橡胶更结实，使用寿命也更长。每年生产的橡胶几乎有一半是天然橡胶，而且总是需要更多。由此可知，天然橡胶比人造橡胶更坚韧更持久，让天然橡胶每年都如此需求量巨大。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Thegenomeforaplantsuchasarubbertreeissmallerthanahumangenomebutitisstillverylong,whichiswhyithasbeensodifficulttofind.AsEwanMollisonofTARRCsays,theworkhasbeenlikeputtingapicturepuzzletogetherwhereallthepiecesshowblueseaandbluesky.可知橡胶树等植物的基因组比人类的基因组要小，但仍然很长，这就是为什么很难找到它的原因。就像TARRC的EwanMollison说的，这项工作就像把拼图拼在一起，所有的碎片都展示了蓝色的大海和蓝色的天空。由此可推知，EwanMollison的话表明橡胶树的基因组不容易被识别。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Nowscientistscanusetherubbertreegenometoproducestrongertrees.Byunderstandingthegenome,theycanchangetheDNAinrubbertreesinusefulways.Theycanalsodoitmuchfasterthanbefore.Inthefuture,itwillbepossibletogrowtreeswhichsurviveclimatechangeanddisease.可知现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。他们也能比以前做得更快。在未来，人们有可能种植能够抵御气候变化和疾病的树木。结合文章主要介绍了天然橡胶这种物质，因为其更坚韧更持久的特性，每年都需求量巨大，但是橡胶树不容易生长。它们会受到温度变化、雨量多或少、强风和疾病的影响。有些树能活下来，有些则会死去，这都取决于它们的基因。但是天然橡胶的基因很难被识别。现在科学家们可以利用橡胶树的基因组来生产更强壮的树。通过了解基因组，他们可以用有用的方式改变橡胶树的DNA。由此可知，C选项“天然橡胶：全靠基因”最符合文章标题。故选C。CAshumanityhasgotricher,animal’sroleshavechanged.Peopleneedtheirserviceslessthanbefore.Fewerwolvesandthievesmeantlessdemandfordogsforprotection;theinternalcombustionengine（内燃机）madehorsesunneeded;modernsanitation（卫生设备）keptratsincheckandmadecatslessuseful.Nolongernecessities,domesticanimalsbecameluxuries.Pet-keepingseemstokickinwhenhouseholdincomesriseaboveroughly$5,000.Itisbooming.Thetrendisnotanewone.Archaeologists（考古学家）havefound10,000-year-oldgravesinwhichdogsandpeopleareburiedtogether.Somecultures--suchasinScandinavia,wheredogshavelongbeenbothworkingdogsandcompanions--havekeptpetsforthousandsofyears.Butthesedaysthepet-keepingurgehasspreadeventopartsoftheworldwhichhavenotraditionofsinkingintoacomfortablechairwithafurrycreature.Thepetbusinessisgrowingevenfasterthanpetnumbers,becausepeoplearespendingmoreandmoremoneyonthem.Nolongeraretheyfood-waste-recyclers,fedwiththeremainsthatfallfromtheirmasters’tables.Pet-foodshelvesarefullofdelicaciescraftedtosatisfyarangeofappetites,includingicecreamfordogsandfoodsforpetsthatareold,diabeticorsufferfromsensitivedigestion;anumberofinternetservicesofferfood,tailoredtothepet’sindividualtastes.Inthebusinessthisiscalled“pethumanisation”--thetendencyofpetownerstotreattheirpetsaspartofthefamily.Thisisevidentinthenamesgiventodogs,whichhaveevolvedfromFido,RexandSpotto--inAmerica--Bella,LucyandMax.Itisevidentinthegrowingmarketforpetclothing,petgroomingandpethotels.Peoplestillassumethatpetsmustbeworkingforhumanityinsomeway,perhapsmakingpeoplehealthierorlessanxious.Buttheevidenceforthatisweak.Rather,newresearchsuggeststhatdogshaveevolvedthoseirresistible“puppy-dogeyes”preciselytoaffecthumanemotions.Ithasworked.Thespeciesthatonceenslavedothersnowworksveryhardtopayforthecareofitspets.Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americansoftenrefertothemselvesnotascat-ownersbutasthecat’s“mommy”or“daddy”.SouthKoreansgoonefurther,describingthemselvesascat“butlers”.Watchanunluckydog-walkertrailing“his”hound（猎犬）,plasticbaginhandtopickupitsmess,andyouhavetowonder:who’sinchargenow?8.WhichofthefollowingtrendsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.People’sneedsforanimalservicesaredecreasing.B.Boththepetnumberandthepetbusinessaregrowing.C.Petsareincreasinglymakingtheirownerslessanxious.D.Petfoodsaremorevariousandcustomizedthanbefore.9.Whichofthefollowingisreferredtoasevidenceof“pethumanization?”A.ThenamesgiventopetsinAmericanfamiliesnowadays.B.Pet’sinbuiltabilitytoaffectemotionsoftheirowners.C.Humanbeingseverrisingurgeforpet-keeping.D.Pet’srolesasbothworkingstaffandcompanions.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?A.Petsshouldbetreatedasequalsoftheirhumanmasters.B.Humanbeingsaregettingmuchbenefitfromtheirpets.C.Pet-keepingisstillrestrictedwithincertainpartsoftheworld.D.Somepetownersspendtoomuchmoneyontheirpets.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheChangingRolesofAnimals B.TheUrgeforPet-keepingC.WhoOwnsWhom D.LoveMe,LoveMyDog【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Peoplestillassumethatpetsmustbeworkingforhumanityinsomeway,perhapsmakingpeoplehealthierorlessanxious.Buttheevidenceforthatisweak.Rather,newresearchsuggeststhatdogshaveevolvedthoseirresistible“puppy-dogeyes”preciselytoaffecthumanemotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Inthebusinessthisiscalled“pethumanisation”--thetendencyofpetownerstotreattheirpetsaspartofthefamily.Thisisevidentinthenamesgiventodogs,whichhaveevolvedfromFido,RexandSpotto--inAmerica--Bella,LucyandMax.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”——宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成——在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thepetbusinessisgrowingevenfasterthanpetnumbers,becausepeoplearespendingmoreandmoremoneyonthem.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“andyouhavetowonder:who’sinchargenow?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“andyouhavetowonder:who’sinchargenow?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。DLearningasecondlanguageistrickyatanyageanditonlygetstougherthelongeryouwaittoopenthatdustyFrenchbook.Now,inanewstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinasecondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit’s“nearlyimpossible”forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-levelfluencyiftheystartlearningasecondtongueafter10.Butthatdoesn’tseemtobebecauselanguageskillsgodownhill.“Itturnsoutyou’restilllearningfast.It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold,”saysstudyco-authorJoshuaHartshorne,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatBostonCollege.Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children’sbrainsaremoreplasticthanthoseofadults,meaningthey’rebetterabletoadaptandrespondtonewinformation.“Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging,”Hartshornesays,“andchildren’sbrainsseemtobealotmoreskilledatchanging.”Kidsmayalsobemorewillingtotrynewthings(andtopotentiallylookfoolishintheprocess)thanadultsare.Theircomparativelynewgraspontheirnativetonguemayalsobeadvantageous.Unlikeadults,whotendtodefault(默认)totherulesandpatternsoftheirfirstlanguage,kidsmaybeabletoapproachanewonewithablankslate(石板).Thesefindingsmayseemdiscouraging,butitwashearteningforscientiststolearnthatthecriticalperiodforfluentlanguageacquisitionmightbelongerthantheypreviouslythought.Somescientistsbelievedthatthebriefwindowclosesshortlyafterbirth,whileothersstretcheditonlytoearlyadolescence.Comparedtothoseestimates,17or18—whenlanguagelearningabilitystartstodropoff—seemsrelativelyold.“Peoplefaredbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersion(沉浸),ratherthansimplyinaclassroom.Andmovingtoaplacewhereyourdesiredlanguageisspokenisthebestwaytolearnasanadult.Ifthat’snotanoption,youcanmimicanimmersiveenvironmentbyfindingwaystohaveconversationswithnativespeakersintheirowncommunities,”Hartshornesays.Bydoingso,it’spossibletobecomeconversationallyproficient—evenwithouttheadvantageofachild’sbrain.12.Theunderlinedword“plummet”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“__________”.A.decrease B.riseC.end D.vary13.WhatcanbeinferredfromJoshuaHartshorne’swords?A.Childrenaretooyoungtograspasecondlanguage.B.Age10-18isthebesttimetolearnasecondlanguage.C.Adultsgobeyondthecriticalperiodforlearningasecondlanguage.D.Communicatingwithnativespeakersenablesyoutomasterallthelanguageskills.14.Whyadultscan’treachnative-levelfluencyinasecondlanguage?A.Adultsarelessinfluencedbytheirmothertongues.B.Adultsspendmoretimerespondingtonewinformation.C.Adultsareonlytoowillingtoexperiencesomethingawkwardintheprocess.D.Adultspreferanimmersiveenvironmenttoaclassroominlearningasecondlanguage.15.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A.thebestagetolearnasecondlanguageB.theapproachestolearningasecondlanguageC.whykidslearnasecondlanguagemoreeasilythanadultsD.whetheradultscanlearnasecondlanguageliketheiryoungerselves【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句Now,inanewstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinasecondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利水平的第二语言的机会________确切年龄：10岁。再根据第二段中Thestudy,publishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit’s“nearlyimpossible”forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-levelfluencyiftheystartlearningasecondtongueafter10.这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度。可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itturnsoutyou’restilllearningfast.It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold,”saysstudyco-authorJoshuaHartshorne,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatBostonCollege.该研究报告的联名作者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“事实上，你还是能学得很快。问题在于这时候你的时间已经不多了，因为到了17~18岁左右，人的学习能力就会开始下降。”以及第三段中“Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging,”Hartshornesays,“andchildren’sbrainsseemtobealotmoreskilledatchanging.”哈特肖恩说：“所有学习都跟大脑的改变有关，而孩子的大脑对改变的适应能力似乎比成年人强得多。”可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Peoplefaredbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersion(沉浸),ratherthansimplyinaclassroom.Andmovingtoaplacewhereyourdesiredlanguageisspokenisthebestwaytolearnasanadult”Hartshornesays.乔舒亚•哈特肖恩说：“通过浸入式学习，而不是简单地在教室里学习，人们的表现会更好。一个成年人学外语的时候，最好的学习方法是搬到一个使用你想学的语言的地方去……”。可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now,inanewstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinasecondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利的第二语言的机会下降的确切年龄：10岁；第二段中Thestudy,publishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit’s“nearlyimpossible”forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-levelfluencyiftheystartlearningasecondtongueafter10.这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度；第三段中Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.在学习新语言方面，孩子们可能比成年人做得更好，原因有很多。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。因此选项C“whykidslearnasecondlanguagemoreeasilythanadults”符合题意。故选C项。第二节（共五小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Manypeoplearestuckinalifetheydon’twant,heldinplacebyeverythingfromfinancialrestrictionstosocietalpressures.Ifyouarelookingtopursueyourdreams,itcanbediscouragingtochangeeverythingatonce.____16____Writedownyourgoalstogetthemoutofyourheadandintoreality.Behonestwithyourselfaboutwhatyouwant,nomatterhowimpossibleitseemsandignorewhatyou“should”dobasedontheviewsofyourfriends,familyorsociety.____17____Don’tleaveanythingout,nomatterhowsmallorsillyitsounds.Lookatthethemesofyourlisttogetanideaofwhatyourdreamlifewilllooklike.____18____Chooseonethatisrelativelyeasytoaccomplish,onethatisdoablebutwillrequireworkandonethatseemsimpossiblebasedonyourcurrentcircumstancesandlifestyle.Listthestepsyouwillneedtotaketogettoeachgoal,gettingdowntothelittledetails.____19____Eachtimeyoucompleteoneofthesteps,crossitoffsoyoucancelebratetheprocessinadditiontotheendresult.Whenyouachievethegoal,findawaytocontinueintegrating(使成为一体)itintoyourlife.Figureouthowyoucanworkyoursecondtwogoalsintoyourlife._____20_____Ifyourbigdreamistoquityourjobandtraveltheworld,startasavingsaccountthatisdedicatedtotravelmoneyandsetasideasmallamounteachweekforthreeyears.Planyourstepslikethisandtheywillbedoableandfitsmoothlyintoyourlife.A.Seeksupportfromyourfriendsandfamily.B.YouwillneedtohavecouragetomakechangesC.Identifythetopthreethingsthatwillgetyouclosertoyourdreamlife.D.Startwithyoursmallestgoalandworkthroughthestepsuntilyouachieveit.E.Chooseadeadlineforeachgoal,whetheritisoneyeardowntheroadorfive.F.Listthethingsyouwanttoaccomplishinyourlife,bothpersonalandprofessional.G.Instead,makesmall,gradualchangestopreparethewaytoadreamlifetomaketheprocesseasier.【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.D20.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何通过做一些小的、渐进的改变来实现自己的梦想。【16题详解】空前说如果你想追求你的梦想，一下子改变一切会让你灰心丧气，此处承接这一话题，并与上文形成转折，提到一种正确的做法，G项中的makesmall,gradualchanges与空前的changeeverything形成对比，故G项（相反，做一些小的、渐进的改变来准备通往梦想生活的道路，让这个过程更容易）符合语境。【17题详解】空后说不要漏掉任何事情，无论它听起来多么的小，因此此处是说要列出一些事情，故F项（列出你想在生活中完成的事情，包括个人的和职业的）符合语境。【18题详解】空后说根据你目前的情况和生活方式，选择一个相对容易完成的，一个是可行但将需要工作，一个似乎不可能的，C项中的three与空后的三个并列的定语从句相一致，故C项（找出能让你离梦想生活更近的三件事）符合语境。【19题详解】空后说每次完成其中一步时，将其划掉，这样除了最终结果之外，还可以庆祝这个过程，这说明此处是说要如何一步一步完成目标，D项中的achieve与空后的complete相一致，故D项（从最小的一步开始，直到你完成你的目标）符合语境。【20题详解】空后具体举例説如果你的大梦想是辞掉工作，环游世界，那就开一个储蓄账户，专门存一笔钱，每周存一小笔钱，存上三年。像这样计划你的步骤，它们将是可行的，并顺利地融入你的生活，这说明要为自己的目标设置一个期限并严格去执行，故E项（为每一个目标选择一个截止日期，不管是一年还是五年）符合语境。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项Christmaswasnearaseasonthatwetookseriouslyinourhouse.Butaweekorsobeforethe25th,myfatherwouldgiveeachofhischildren﹩20.Thiswasthe1970s,and﹩20wasquiteabitofmoney．ButIsawit___21___．Myfathertrustedmetohavethe___22___tospendmoneywisely.Evenbetter,hegavemethe___23___togetit.Onaverybasiclevel，myfatherwasgivingmeashoppingspree（狂欢）everyyear.Buthewasalsogivingmechargeovermyownfun,trustingmyabilitytomanagemoneyandmakingmefeellikea/an____24____.Hedidn'tbuymeSherlockHolmes,buthegavemethemeanstowalkintothebookstoreandchooseitformyself,soitfeltlikeagiftfromhim．Mymotherhada/an___25___forgivingmewhatIneeded,usuallyrightatthemomentIneededitmost.ThiswaswhenIwas25,I___26___atbeinganadultonmyveryfirsttry.Ihadquittedmy___27___jobbuthadnonewone.Butwhenmymotherpaidmeavisit,I___28___agoodshow,tellingherIhadstartedmyowncompany．MymotherknewthatIwastryinghardandfailingatthattime.Itwasn'tuntil___29___sheleftthatInoticedatthefootofmybedanenvelopethickwith____30____．Sheknewhow____31____Ineededit．Sheknewthathadshejustshownupwithgroceries，oroffertopaymyrent,shewouldhavemademefeelmuch____32____．Thecold，hardcashmeantshewashelpingme.And,funnilyenough,the_____33_____withwhichshegavethegiftfeltlikeshewasgivingmespaceto_____34_____mylifeandpreservemydignity．Mymotherandfatherbothdidthesamething.Onewasgivingmethemeanstotakemyowndecisions，andtheotherwasgivingmeasecond_____35_____whenthosedecisionshadcostmedearly．21.A.positively B.differently C.naturally D.originally22.A.intelligence B.passion C.power D.potential23.A.courage B.suggestions C.discipline D.means24.A.grown-up B.teenager C.adventurer D.pioneer25.A.habit B.gift C.approach D.tradition26.A.failed B.fooled C.dropped D.fell27.A.important B.creative C.challenging D.previous28.A.puton B.putaway C.putoff D.putforward29.A.before B.after C.when D.as30.A.credit B.loans C.receipts D.cash31.A.desperately B.hardly C.eventually D.accurately32.A.better B.more C.less D.worse33.A.decoration B.love C.distance D.method34.A.defend B.equip C.fix D.develop35.A.solution B.chance C.visit D.assistance【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.C35.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者从讲述圣诞节父母给自己的不同礼物，说到父母对自己伟大的、理智的爱让作者在成长的过程中越来越坚强。父亲教会他做决定的方法，母亲在他因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让他再一次拥有机会。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我的看法不同。A.positively乐观地；B.differently不同地；C.naturally自然地；D.originally最初地。结合下文父亲充分相信作者和本句but可知作者并不认为20美元是孩子不能花的巨额现金，故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲相信我有明智花钱的智慧。A.intelligence智慧；B.passion热情；C.power权力；D.potential潜力。由本句的wisely判断此处用“智慧”符合语境，故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更好是，他教我方法来获得它。A.courage勇气；B.suggestions建议；C.discipline纪