2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.问题1选项A.goastrayB.wanderC.divergeD.gooff2.单选题Itis（

）thattheInternetisexertingagrowingimportantinfluenceonpeople’slives.问题1选项A.indistinctiveB.indissolubleC.indispensableD.indisputable3.单选题Bobwasnota（

）manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.问题1选项A.boldB.recklessC.deliberateD.rash4.单选题Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.impressiveC.deceptiveD.indicative5.单选题TheUnitedStatesandCanadaarelandsof（

）exceptfortheIndians,whoaretheonlytruenatives.问题1选项A.emigrantsB.immigrantsC.dwellersD.inhabitants6.单选题Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly7.单选题

Ifeelratherata（

）talkingtoher,becauseshe’ssoclever.问题1选项A.mistakeB.faultC.disadvantageD.defect8.单选题Rainwaterhasbegunto（

）theroofofmyhouse.问题1选项A.transferB.penetrateC.urgeD.ventilate9.单选题Hillslopeswereclearedofforeststomakewayforcrops,whichnowonly（

）thecrisis.问题1选项A.acceleratesB.prevailsC.ascendsD.precedes10.单选题Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.问题1选项A.toleaveB.leavingC.tohaveleftD.left11.单选题

Asystemofstrictdisciplinehasa(n)（

）effectonconduct.问题1选项A.automaticB.deliberateC.customaryD.beneficial12.单选题MissHelenalwaysbuys（

）pricedclothes.问题1选项A.higherB.highC.highestD.highly13.单选题By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,by1950,attemptstocorrelatementalexperiencewithbrainprocesseswouldprobablyhavebeenviewedwith（）.2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”inline12primarilyinordertoemphasizethe（）3.Thedescriptioninlines15-17ofanexperimentinwhichelectricstimuliwereappliedtodifferentsensoryfieldsofthecerebralcortextendstosupportthetheorythat（）.4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sopinionofthesuggestionthatdifferentareasofthebraindetermineperceptionsproducedbysensorynerveimpulses?（）5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?（）问题1选项A.indignationB.impatienceC.pessimismD.indifference问题2选项A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeingsB.similarityofthesensationsthatallhumanbeingsexperienceC.similaritiesintheviewsofscientistswhohavestudiedthehumannervoussystemD.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem问题3选项A.thesimplepresenceofdifferentcorticalareascannotaccountforthediversityofmentalexperienceB.variationinspatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulsescorrelateswithvariationinsubjectiveexperienceC.nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousandarerelativelyunaffectedastheytravelthroughthenervoussystemD.thementalexperiencesproducedbysensorynerveimpulsesaredeterminedbythecorticalareaactivate问题4选项A.Itisaplausibleexplanation,butithasnotbeencompletelyproved.B.Itisthebestexplanationofbrainprocessescurrentlyavailable.C.Itisdisprovedbythefactthatthevariousareasofthebrainarephysiologicallyverysimilar.D.Thereissomeevidencetosupportit,butitfailstoexplainthediversityofmentalexperience.问题5选项A.NervecellsB.NerveimpulsesC.CorticalareasD.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses14.单选题WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.问题1选项A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.问题2选项A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.问题3选项A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.问题4选项A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.问题5选项A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationsB.waslittleknowninacademiccirclesC.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsD.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers15.单选题Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.问题1选项A.rises...delugeB.diminishes...droughtC.increases...showerD.decreases...rainstorm16.单选题

Itisacommonthemeofmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe（

）bybeingsfromtheouterspace.问题1选项A.runoverB.filledinC.takenoverD.brokenin17.单选题Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeencomfortingtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyridiculeorneglect.Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelypossible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitiesandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inaddition,onemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkinsome,isolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.Frequentlythesespecializationslieinareaswhereveryrapiddevelopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfordevelopmentsisextremelycostlyandtakesalongtime.Itispreciselyintheseareasthattheadvantagesofcooperationandsharingofexpertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthofspecialistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningindifferentcentersofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferencesandsymposia.Fromthesemeetingscomepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemesofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（

）.2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（

）.3.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（

）.4.Thewriterclaimsthatitisimportantforspecialiststobeabletotravelbecause（

）.5.Developmentsininternationalco-operationareoften,itissuggested,theresultof（

）.问题1选项A.salariesandconditionsarebetterabroadB.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversitiesC.theyareeagerfornewknowledgeD.theirgovernmentsencouragethemtotravel问题2选项A.ledtoeconomicprogressB.wasawayofspreadingideasC.madenewideaslessshockingD.brokedownpoliticalbarriers问题3选项A.morepeoplearestudyingsciencesB.agreatervarietyofsubjectsisstudiedC.morestudentsaredoingpostgraduateworkD.thenumberofuniversitieshasincreased问题4选项A.theirfellowexpertsarescatteredroundtheworldB.theirlaboratoriesareinremoteplacesC.therearesomanypeopleworkinginsimilarfieldsD.thereisalotofdissatisfactionwithsocialaffairsatuniversities问题5选项A.articlesinlearnedjournalsB.programssponsoredbygovernmentsC.friendshipsformedbyscholarsatmeetingsD.theworkofinternationalagencies18.单选题（

）herinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive19.单选题Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenpersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld;itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlyleamshisemotions,butalsolearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingthat（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（）3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto（）.4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif（）.5.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”means（）.问题1选项A.onethinksbadorgoodB.onefeelsindangerC.onefacesintheoutsideworldD.onetriestoescapefrominreallife问题2选项A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.问题3选项A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotionsB.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotionsC.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotionsD.defineandclassifypeople’semotions问题4选项A.hecannotthinkproperlyB.hecannotpayattentiontoitC.hecannotadjusthimselftoitD.heisnotfullofenergy问题5选项A.stopsB.tiesC.weakensD.flowsgradually20.单选题Tightshoes（

）myfeet.问题1选项A.irritateB.smartC.acheD.bruise21.单选题Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.问题1选项A.inlinewithB.intermsofC.regardlessofD.bymeansof22.单选题Iremember（

）tohelpusifweeverwereindifficulties.问题1选项A.onceofferingB.himonceofferingC.himtoofferD.toofferhim23.单选题

Doctorsareoftenundersharpcriticismnowadaysforpeoplebelievetheyalways（

）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise24.单选题Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmaimersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotgoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcoolheadedandgoodtemperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedrivewhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.1.Intheauthor’sopinion，（

）2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroadhog…therule”(Para.1)impliesthat3.Whatwouldmostprobablyhappennowadayswhenyoushowpolitenesstootherdriversonroad?4.Theexamplesinthethirdparagraphareusedtoillustrate（

）.5.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcarownershipexplosion，（

）.问题1选项A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneededB.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperlyC.rudedriversshouldbepunishedD.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams问题2选项A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotoristsB.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionallyC.thewell-manneredmotoristtodaycannottolerateimpolitedriversD.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists问题3选项A.Theywouldshowpolitenesstoyouinversely.B.Theywouldshowthankfulnesstoyou.C.Theywouldjustdriveonasnothinghashappened.D.Theywouldmakewayforyoureadily.问题4选项A.itispolitefordriverstoletchildrenandtheoldtocrosstheroadfirstB.thepolitenessshowninthewrongmomentcanleadtodangersC.itisdangeroustoallowacartoemergefromasidestreettofollowtrafficD.driversshouldrecognizeother’spolitenessattherightmoment问题5选项A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrificeB.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachotherC.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselvesD.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers25.单选题Diggingthefoundationisthefirst（

）ofourbuildingproject.问题1选项A.processionB.solutionC.phaseD.achievement第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。goastray“走入歧途；迷路”；wander“徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge“分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；gooff“离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。2.【答案】D【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。indistinctive“无特色的，不显著的”；indissoluble“不能分解的，不能溶解的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisputable“明白的，无可争议的”。根据句意“互联网对人们的生活起到了越来越重要的影响”，这个事实是无可争议的，所以选项D符合题意。3.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold“大胆的，英勇的”；reckless“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash“轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。4.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺骗性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根据句意“这辆旧车看起来比实际上要新”可知前文是说车的外表有迷惑性，所以选项C符合题意。5.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。emigrants“移民（移出）”；immigrants“移民（移入）”；dwellers“居民，居住者”；inhabitants“本地居民，土著居民”。句意：美国和加拿大是移民的土地，除了印第安人，他们是唯一真正的土著人美国和加拿大拥有除了了土著居民和印第安人以为的大量移民。选项B符合题意。6.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。occasionally“偶尔”；consistently“一贯地”；presently“不久，一会儿”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因为他上班总是迟到。选项B符合题意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。beatadisadvantage“处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。8.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transfer“转让，转移”；penetrate“渗透，刺入”；urge“催促，推进，鼓励”；ventilate“使通风，使换气”。句意：雨水开始渗透进我房子的屋顶。选项B符合题意。9.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Accelerate“加速，促进”；prevail“流行，占上风”；ascend“上升”；precede“领先”。根据句意“山坡上的树木因为要种庄稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了这个危机。选项A符合题意。10.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。knowbetterthantodo“不至于不知道”。选项A符合题意。11.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。automatic“自动的，必然的”；deliberate“故意的”；customary“通常的，习惯的”；beneficial“有益的，有利的”。句意：严格的纪律制度对行为的影响是有益的。选项D符合题意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。13.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging提到直到1950年，试图将大脑运转过程与心理活动联系起来的努力并不鼓舞人心。可知是不乐观的，选项C符合题意。2.题干中的commoncurrency出现在句子：thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem中，与句子中的homogeneous的意思相似，选项A的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses与nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同义转述，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第15-17行描述的实验是电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某一特定感觉区域实验，这个实验的理论来源，itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview，选项D“感觉神经冲动产生的心理体验是由皮质区域激活”。选项D符合题意。4.文章第二段第二句话However，subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity提到据此开发的记录和分析神经潜力的方法不能反应这种多样性。选项D与其表达一致，符合题意。5.文章最后一段“inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetween...couldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.”提到神经细胞、神经冲动、皮质区域都可以产生质的变化，而神经冲动的空间模式并没有达到质变。选项D符合题意。14.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第三句话AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科学家们说一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现。但是需要很长一段时间”，根据这句话可知选项D符合题意。2.文章第五段提到了爱因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年时期他时常阅读卡特、叔本华、斯宾诺莎这些哲学家的作品。这些作品教会了他如何独立以及抽象地去思考时间与空间。由此可推知爱因斯坦“独立以及抽象的思维”是他成功的关键。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第八段提到Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepracticalandrewarding—efforts.今天的物理学家们很多都去华尔街和硅谷，把他们的分析能力运用到了实践，并且不断努力来获得（经济）回报。选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到如果我们收到像爱因斯坦那样纸上都是演算公式，没有脚注，没有参考文献的科学论文(getpaperslikethose)，我们会把这些直接放到垃圾邮件里（junkfile）。由此可以推知，BrianGreene是在暗示现在的学术环境——人们不会接受看似非常荒唐的想法。选项D符合题意。5.文章倒数第三段“byavirtualunkown”,指的是当时的爱因斯坦还默默无闻，选项B符合题意。15.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析和名词词义辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使减少，使变小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增长”；shower“淋浴，阵雨”；decrease“减少，减小”；rainstorm“暴风雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度随着湿度加大而降低，所以暴雨持续时间较长，降水率越大，地面径流和汇入河流的水就越多。选项D符合题意。16.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。runover“辗过；溢出”；fillin“填写；填充；替代”；takeover“接管；接收”；brokein“打断；闯入”。句意：科幻小说共有的一个主题是总有一天世界可能被外星人接管。选项C符合题意。17.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE1.文章第一段最后一句话Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold提到认真的学生总是准备去国外寻找充满新思想的老师和最负盛名的学府，去寻求纯粹的哲学，最有效的医学等等。由此可知，学生和学者去国外是为了学习新知识。选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople提到这种流动性意味着思想的流动，思想穿越了国界，并且对许多群体产生了影响。由此可知，学者的旅行在不断促进思想的传播。选