(完整word版)气象常用专业英语词汇

1、主题词表EnglishChinese01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学atmosphere大气atmosphericimpurity大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮物atmosphericcomposition大气成分atmosphericmass大气质量atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层standardpressurelevel标准层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosp

2、here低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外逸层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere行星大气standardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）标准大气大气）homogeneousatm

3、osphere均质大气isothermalatmosphere等温大气polytropicatmosphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度atmosphericpressure气压standardatmospherepressure标准大气压stationpressure本站气压sea-levelpressure海平面气压pressuregradient气压梯度barometricheightformula压高公

4、式pressuregradientforce气压梯度力Coriolisforce科里奥利力watervapor水蒸汽watervaporpressure水汽压humidity湿度relativehumidity相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity比湿mixingratio混合比dewpointtemperature露点（温度）depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点差super-saturatedair过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure饱和水汽压sat

5、urationdeficit饱和差cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudamount云量cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altostratus,As高层云cumulus,Cu积云参考cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimb

6、us,Cb积雨云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratus,St层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufortwindscale蒲福风级

7、calm0级风lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风predominantwin

8、ddirection主导风向prevailingwind盛行风windpressure风压windenergy风能windenergyresources风能资源windenergyrose风能玫瑰图visibility能见度clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流

9、性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfallamount雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降水intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststo

10、rm沙尘暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾dust浮尘dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil尘卷风snow雪sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴snowcover积雪snowfallamount雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰hail冰雹thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨lightning闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafo

11、g海雾Lyman-ahygrometer莱曼-a湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer标准气压表mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表hygrograp

12、h湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer通风干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐日照计Campbel

13、l-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan标准蒸发器ceilingprojector云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulat

14、iveraingauge累计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗式雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导式雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder雨强计telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面

15、雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation

16、外场观测conventionalobservation常规观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探空surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologicalinstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter百叶箱thermometer温度

17、表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer地面温度表anglegeothermometer曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表windvane风向标anemometer风速表contactanemometer电接风速表cupanemometer转杯风速表propelleranemometer螺旋桨式风速表anemorumbo

18、meter风向风速表anemograph风速计meteorologicalrocket气象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天气雷达meteorologicalradar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar,acousticradar声雷达Dopplerradar多普勒天气雷达atmosphericremotesensing大气遥感meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星synopticdata天气资料realtimedata实时资料radiationtransferequation辐射传输方程atmospherictransmissionmodel

19、大气传输模式frostprevention防霜artificialprecipitation人工降水cloudcluster云团tropicalcloudcluster热带云团cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗点云系bandedcloudsystem带状云系vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系atmosphericradiation大气辐射solarradiation太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外长波辐射visiblelight可见光radiationbalance辐射平衡globalr

20、adiation总辐射directradiation直接辐射effectiveradiation有效辐射scatteredradiation散射辐射diffuseradiation漫射辐射skyradiation天空辐射upwardtatalradiation向上全辐射downwardtotalradiation向下全辐射incomingradiation入射辐射albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地气系统反照率albedoofunderlyingsurface下垫面反照率atmosphericcounterradiation大气逆辐射radiance辐射率alb

21、edo反照率planetarytemperature行星温度atmosphericwindow大气窗atmosphericabsorptivity大气吸收率primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericopticaldepth大气光学厚度atmospherictransparency大气透明度atmosphericopticalphenomen

22、a大气光学现象atmosphericturbidity大气浑浊度mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南极光auroraborealis北极光halo晕46halo46度晕22halo22度晕03.大气物理学atmosphericphysics大气物理学cloudphysics云物理学advection平流convection对流aerosol气溶胶clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴谱raindropsizedistribution雨滴谱fog-drop雾滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet过冷云

23、滴dropspectrum滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶icepoint冰点condensation凝结evaporation蒸发solidification凝固deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing冻结condensationnucleus凝结核saltnucleus盐核weathermodification人工影响天气clouddissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒solarhalo日晕lunarhalo月晕solarcorona日华lunarcorona月华rainbow虹secondaryra

24、inbow霓corona华twilightcolors霞aurora极光glory宝光环magneticstorm磁暴04.大气化学atmosphericchemistry大气化学atmosphericphotolysis大气光解作用atmosphericozone大气臭氧atmospherictracegas大气痕量气体photochemicalreaction光化反应photochemicalsmog光化烟雾precipitationchemistry降水化学atmosphericbackground大气本底值atmosphericpollution大气污染airpollution空气污染

25、primarypollutant原生污染物secondarypollutant次生污染物atmosphericcleaning大气净化floatingdust飘尘dustfall降尘greenhousegasses温室气体atmosphericpollutant大气污染物smogaerosol烟雾气溶胶ashcloud烟灰云smog烟雾smokescreen烟幕acidrain酸雨smoke烟smokeplume烟羽plumerise烟羽抬升fallout沉降物05.动力气象学dynamicmeteorology动力气象学atmosphericthermodynamics大气热力学sensib

26、leheat感热latentheat潜热reversibleadiabaticprocess可逆绝热过程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆绝热过程moistureinversion逆湿thermodynamicequation热力学方程temperatureinversion逆温turbulenceinversion湍流逆温surfaceinversion地面逆温radiationinversion辐射逆温cappinginversion覆盖逆温subsidenceinversion下沉逆温frontalinversion锋面逆温inversionlayer逆温层t

27、emperaturegradient温度梯度temperatureadvection温度平流adiabaticascending绝热上升adiabaticsinking绝热下沉adiabaticcooling绝热冷却adiabaticheating绝热增温pseudo-adiabaticprocess假绝热过程diabaticprocess非绝热过程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL对流凝结高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝结高度temperaturelapserate气温直减率dryadiabaticlapserate干绝热直减率moista

28、diabaticlapserate湿绝热直减率condensationlevel,CL凝结高度virtualtemperature虚温dryadiabaticprocess干绝热过程moistadiabaticprocess湿绝热过程potentialtemperature位温equationofmotion运动方程continuityequation连续方程equationofstate状态方程vorticityequation涡度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequation流体静力方程3-equation3方程perturbationequatio

29、n扰动方程thermalwindequation热成风方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜压过程geostrophicadjustment地转适应availablepotentialenergy有效位能geopotentialmeter位势米geopotentialheight位势高度inertialinstability惯性不稳定freeconvectionlevel自由对流高度atmosphericstability大气稳定度staticstability静力稳定度absolutestability绝对稳定

30、absoluteinstability绝对不稳定neutralstability中性稳定conditionalinstability条件性不稳定barotropicinstability正压不稳定baroclinicinstability斜压不稳定latentinstability潜在不稳定conservationofpotentialvorticity位涡守恒z-coordinatez坐标p-coordinatep坐标o-coordinate。坐标9-coordinate位温坐标convergence辐合divergence辐散divergence散度horizontaldivergence

31、水平散度vorticity涡度Rossbywave罗斯贝波stationarywave定常波cyclostrophicwind旋衡风gradientwind梯度风thermalwind热成风veeringwind顺转风geostrophicwind地转风antitripticwind摩擦风jetstream急流northernbranchjetstream北支急流southernbranchjetstream南支急流basicflow基本气流subtropicaljetstream副热带急流axisofjetstream急流轴warmadvection暖平流coldadvection冷平流up

32、wardflow上升气流downwardflow下沉气流geostrophicmotion地转运动quasi-geostrophicmotion准地转运动Ekmanlayer埃克曼层Ekmanspiral埃克曼螺线atmosphericcirculation大气环流meridionalcirculation经向环流zonalcirculation纬向环流Hadleycell哈得来环流Walkercell沃克环流directcirculation直接环流indirectcirculation间接环流圈trade-windcirculation信风环流circulationcell环流圈local

33、circulation局地环流three-cellmeridionalcirculation三圈经向环流circulationindex环流指数highindex高指数lowindex低指数indexcycle指数循环circulationtheorem环流定理Kelvinstheoremofcirculation开尔文环流定理Bjerknescirculationtheorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorialflow越赤道气流atmosphericcenterofaction大气活动中心scaling尺度分析synopticscale天气尺度planetaryscale行星

34、尺度mesoscale中尺度mesoscalemodel中尺度模式generalcirculationmodel,GCM大气环流模式barotropicmodel正压模式baroclinicmodel斜压模式06.天气学synopticmeteorology天气学weather天气synopticchart天气图weathersymbol天气符号barb风速羽windshaft风矢杆windarrow风矢presentweather现在天气pastweather过去天气upperairchart高空天气图surfacechart地面天气图isobaricsurface等压面standardis

35、obaricsurface,mandatorylevel标准等压面contourchart等压面图rainfallchart雨量图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar等压线topographicisobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线contourline等高线shearline切变线squallline飑线pressurefield气压场windfield风场allobaricfield变压场anallobariccenter正变压中心katallobariccenter负变压中心humidityfie

36、ld湿度场wettongue湿舌drytongue干舌dryline干线temperaturefield温度场coldtongue冷舌warmtongue暖舌pressuresystem气压系统lowpressure,depression低气压deepeningofadepression低压加深coldlow冷低压warmlow暖低压mesoscalelow中尺度低压thermallow热低压cut-offlow切断低压orographicdepression地形低压trough低压槽troughline槽线invertedtrough倒槽coldtrough冷槽long-wavetrough

37、长波槽EastAsiamajortrough东亚大槽cyclone气旋cycloniccirculation气旋性环流cyclonicshear气旋性切变extratropicalcyclone温带气旋cyclonefamily气旋族occludedcyclone锢囚气旋cyclogenesis气旋生成cyclolysis气旋消散coldvortex冷涡warmvortex暖涡permanentdepression永久性低压semi-permanentdepression半永久性低压Aleutianlow阿留申低压Icelandiclow冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihecyclone

38、江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaiheshearline江淮切变线SouthChinaSeadepression南海低压Mongolianlow蒙古低压NortheastChinalow东北低压mid-troposphericcyclone对流层中层气旋SouthwestChinavortex西南低涡highpressure高气压coldhigh冷高压warmhigh暖高压ridge高压脊ridgeline脊线warmridge暖脊colpressurefield鞍形气压场highpressurebarrier高压坝deformationfield变形场anticyclone反气旋anti

39、cycloniccirculation反气旋环流anticyclonicshear反气旋切变anticyclogenesis反气旋生成anticyclolysis反气旋消散permanenthigh永久性高压semi-permanenthigh半永久性高压subtropicalhigh副热带高压Siberianhigh西伯利亚高压SouthAsiahigh南亚高压blockinghigh阻塞高压blockingsituation阻塞形势Uralblockinghigh乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotskhigh鄂霍次克海高压Pacifichigh太平洋高压Azoreshigh亚速尔高压airmass

40、气团air-massanalysis气团分析air-masssource气团源地air-massclassification气团分类air-massproperty气团属性air-masstransformation气团变性conservativepropertyofairmass气团保守性transformedairmass变性气团warmairmass暖气团coldairmass冷气团arcticairmass北极气团polarairmass极地气团tropicalairmass热带气团equatorialairmass赤道气团continentalairmass大陆气团maritimea

41、irmass海洋气团tropicalmarineairmass热带海洋气团front锋frontalsurface锋面frontalzone锋区frontalslope锋面坡度warmfront暖锋coldfront冷锋occludedfront锢囚锋coldoccludedfront冷性锢囚锋warmoccludedfront暖性锢囚锋neutraloccludedfront中性锢囚锋rapidlymovingcoldfront快行冷锋slowlymovingcoldfront慢行冷锋stationaryfront静止锋polarfront极锋arcticfront北极锋antarcticf

42、ront南极锋surfacefront地面锋upperfront高空锋frontalanalysis锋面分析frontalweather锋面天气warmfrontcloudsystem暖锋云系coldfrontcloudsystem冷锋云系frontalprecipitation锋面降水orographicoccludedfront地形锢囚锋NorthChinaoccludedfront华北锢囚锋orographicstationaryfront地形静止锋SouthChinaquasi-stationaryfront华南准静止锋Kunmingquasi-stationaryfront昆明准静止

43、锋Tianshanquasi-stationaryfront天山准静止锋synopticanalysis天气分析synopticsituation天气形势synopticprocess天气过程synopticsystem天气系统planetaryscalesystem行星尺度系统synopticscalesystem天气尺度系统subsynopticscalesystem次天气尺度系统mesoscalesystem中尺度系统microscalesystem小尺度系统coldwave寒潮coldoutburst寒潮爆发intertropocalconvergencezone,ITCZ热带辐合带t

44、ropicaleasterliesjet热带东风急流tropicalhigh热带高压tropicalmonsoon热带季风easterlywave东风波subtropicalcalms副热带无风带tropicalcyclone热带气旋tropicaldepression热带低压tropicalstorm热带风暴severetropicalstorm强热带风暴typhoon台风typhooneye台风眼stormcenter风暴中心Meiyu,plumrain梅雨Meiyufront梅雨锋onsetofMeiyu入梅endingofMeiyu出梅Meiyuperiod梅雨期ElNino厄尔尼诺E

45、NSO恩索LaNina拉尼娜southernoscillation,SO南方涛动seasurfacetemperature,SST海面温度bravewestwind咆哮西风带quasi-biennialoscillation,QBO准两年振荡equatoriallow赤道低压equatorialcalms赤道无风带polarvortex极涡polarlow极地低压weatherforecast天气预报severeweatherwarning危险天气警报urbanweather城市天气foehneffect焚风效应heatwave热浪Qinghai-Xizanghigh青藏高压07.气候学cli

46、matology气候学climate气候climaticelement气候要素factorsforclimaticformation气候形成因子solarclimate太阳气候idealclimate理想气候globalclimate全球气候globalclimatesystem全球气候系统urbanclimate城市气候indoorclimate室内气候continentalclimate大陆性气候marineclimate海洋性气候aridclimate干旱气候semi-aridclimate半干旱气候humidclimate湿润气候warm-wetclimate湿热气候mountainc

47、limate山地气候plateauclimate高原气候verticalclimaticzone垂直气候带diurnalvariation日变化departure距平diurnalrange日较差annualrange年较差annualmean年平均annualamount年总量season季节seasonality季节性frostperoid霜期frostday霜日rainyseason雨季hotseason热季coolseason凉季continentality大陆度oceanity海洋度air-seainteraction海气相互作用watercycle水循环dryseason干季dry

48、spell干期aridity干燥度moistureindex湿润度greenhouseeffect温室效应heatislandeffect热岛效应heatsink热汇heatsource热源heatbalance热量平衡pentad候windrose风玫瑰图windvector风矢量averagewindvelocity平均风速resultantwind合成风firn永久积雪firnline永久雪线isohel等日照线planetarywindsystem行星风系tradewinds信风temperatewesterlies温带西风带monsoon季风summermonsoon夏季风winte

49、rmonsoon冬季风EastAsianmonsoon东亚季风plateaumonsoon高原季风monsoonburst季风爆发monsoononset季风建立monsoondepression季风低压monsooncirculation季风环流monsoonclimate季风气候monsoonregion季风区monsoonindex季风指数breakmonsoon季风中断climatictype气候型climaticclassification气候分类climateregionalization气候区划climaticregion气候区climaticbelt,climaiczone气候

50、带polarclimate极地气候subarcticclimate副极地气候temperateclimate温带气候subtropicalclimate副热带气候tropicalclimate热带气候equatorialclimate赤道气候K?ppensclimateclassification柯本气候分类tropicalclimateA热带气候类tropicalrainyclimate热带常湿气候亚类tropicalwinterdryclimate热带冬干气候亚类tropicalmonsoonrainclimate热带季风雨气候亚类aridclimate干燥气候类steppeclimate草原气候亚类desertclimate沙漠气候亚类wintermoderateclimate冬温气候类wintermoderateandwinterdryclimate冬温冬干气候亚类wintermoderateandsummerdryclimate冬温夏干气候亚类wintermoderateandrainyclimate冬温常湿气候亚类winterc