2021-2022学年上海交大附中高二（上）期末英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2021-2022学年上海交大附中高二（上）期末英语试卷第I卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.Wecanneverlearnthepastoftheocean.B.Weneedmoreevidenceaboutthepast.C.It'snecessarytostepawayfromthepast.D.Weneedabigdatetodiscoverythefuture.2．（1分）A.Hecouldn'tfindaplacetosmoke.B.Hejustneedssmokingwhenthinking.C.Hethinksithorribletostopsmoking.D.Hecouldn'tfindawaytostopsmoking.3．（1分）A.Sheneedstosticktocertainapproachesinkeepinghealthy.B.Sheshouldtakemorecareofherownhealth.C.Sheneedssomefurtherinstructioninkeepinghealthy.D.Sheshouldlearntocaremoreaboutherownhealth.4．（1分）A.At1：00p.m.onApril7.B.At1：00p.m.onApril6.C.At10：00a.m.onApril6.D.At10：00p.m.onApril7.5．（1分）A.Sometinnedfood.B.Freshmeatinthefridge.C.Somethingfreshfromthemarket.D.Theleftoverinthefridge.6．（1分）A.Mr.Brownwon'tgotoChicago.B.Mr.Brownwillbescheduledtomeettheman.C.Mr.Brownwantstomeettheman.D.Mr.Brownwillmeetthemanforthefirsttime.7．（1分）A.Abombexplodedinthearea.B.Thepolicehavetakenthebombsaway.C.Peopleareattackedbyterrorists.D.Theareawithunexplodedbombsislockeddown.8．（1分）A.Historymaypredictthefuture.B.Historyisdifferentfromfuture.C.Shecanconsultthepastforherproblems.D.Historytaughtheralesson.9．（1分）A.Theyshouldgopurchasingliketheothers.B.Theyoughttofollowtheirownemotions.C.Theyshouldgoandbarkatarighttree.D.Theyoughttomakereasonabledecision.10．（1分）A.Hewasinterviewedbyhiswife.B.Heinterviewedhiswife.C.Theywerebothcandidatesforajob.D.Theyworkedtogetherinacompany.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Theconversation（s）andthepassage（s）willbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A.Onthegrassinthegarden.B.Onthefenceofthegarden.C.Inthetreesaroundthegarden.D.Beyondthefenceofthegarden.（2）A.Newtonwasbarkingatpigeons.B.Newtonwasenjoyingthefoodinthegrass.C.Newtonwasplayingwiththepigeons.D.Newtonwaslyingingrass，leavingthepigeonsalone.（3）A.Toshowhiscourage.B.Todrivethebirdsaway.C.Toattracthismaster'sattention.D.Toscarethebirdsforfun.12．（4.5分）（1）A.Becausetheymayfeellifeisstressfultothem.B.Becausetheytendtomakemistakesoften.C.Becausetheyhavenoideaonhowtousetelephonetomakeaconversation.D.Becausetheymaynotbewellpreparedandafraidtomakemistakes.（2）A.Focusingonlearningsimplevocabularyandphrases.B.Learningasmuchandsoonasheexpected.C.Beginningwithsimplethingsandfurtheringskillsregularly.D.Relaxingandenjoyingthemistakes，sincenooneisperfect.（3）A.Todemonstratetelephoneconversationexamplesofvariouscontents.B.Topresentsomemistakesintelephoneconversations.C.Toshowmoreexamplesongreetings，goodbyesandthelike.D.ToshoweverythingintelephoneconversationbothinEnglishandinChinese.13．（6分）（1）A.aconstructionengineer.B.Afinancialanalyst.C.Anaccountant.D.Abusinessresearcher.（2）A.Becausehewastooshytotalktopeople.B.Becausehewasabsolutelybusywithhishomework.C.Becausehewasnotreadyfortheinterviewsthen.D.Becausehewastoobusywithhisworktoaffordanymoretime.（3）A.BecauseJohnwasanicepersonandwelcomealmosteverywhere.B.BecauseJohnhadniceworkingexperience.C.BecauseJohndidwellinschoolandthejobmarketwasfriendly.D.BecauseJohnwasawell﹣trainedanalyst.（4）A.Heshouldtakemorejobsformoreexperience.B.Heshouldworkharderinschoolbeforegoingforanyinterview.C.Heshoulddomoreresearchonhowtodoaninterview.D.Heshouldlearnmoreaboutthecompaniesheappliedfor.GrammarandVocabulary.SectionAMultipleChoiceDirections：BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.14．（1分）Foranindividual______ashavinggamingdisorder，theWHOsuggestsanindividualshouldhaveshownsignificantimpairmentduetocomputergamesforatleast12months.（）A．diagnosed B．havingbeendiagnosed C．tobediagnosed D．beingdiagnosed15．（1分）Thisadventurouschildturnedintoamanwhoneverstoppedexploring，______inpersonorthroughthewordsheputonpaper.（）A．nomatter B．whether C．however D．whenever16．（1分）TheEvergladesistheonlyplaceonEarth______freshwateralligatorsandsaltwatercrocodilesliveinthesamearea.（）A．that B．which C．where D．whose17．（1分）Ifthecountryisfullyemployed，itsboomindustriescannotgrow______otherindustriesshrink.（）A．if B．unless C．lest D．for18．（1分）Theseproductsreceivedgoodcustomerresponse，______in4%comparablestoresalesgrowthinNovember.（）A．resulted B．toresult C．resulting D．havingresulted19．（1分）PublicschoolsintheUnitedStateshavetobeneutralaboutreligion______theycloseforholidayslikeChristmas.（）A．incase B．asif C．inthat D．eventhough20．（1分）Noneoftheseefforts______todayhaditnotbeenforthepast50﹣yearsofNASAefforts.（）A．wouldexist B．wouldhaveexisted C．existed D．hadexisted21．（1分）Oftheseapproaches______works，thereseemslittlehopethatNASA，lefttoitself，willgetitrightnexttime.（）A．which B．that C．whichever D．whatever22．（1分）Thetreatygavethemalargereservationin______isnowNebraska，SouthDakotaandWyoming.（）A．where B．which C．that D．what23．（1分）Chinahaslongworriedaboutitsoverseasstudents______back，butthingshavetakenaturnforthebetterinrecentyears.（）A．won'tcome B．notcoming C．nottocome D．nothavingcome24．（1分）Apopularsayinggoes，"Itiseasiertochangethe______ofariverthanaperson'snature."（）A．source B．course C．texture D．perception25．（1分）Typically，amountainrangewillbetheboundarybetweentheareaoftwopoleis（城邦）ora______ofwater，becauseGreecehastheseawindingthroughiteverywhere.（）A．stretch B．pick C．profile D．division26．（1分）Wetakeplagiarism（剽窃）veryseriouslyand，asaresult，ourpublishingplatformincludesacomprehensivesystemtoensure______.（）A．adaptation B．maturity C．originality D．distinctiveness27．（1分）HurricaneKatrina，whichhitNewOrleansin2005，laid______America'sclassdivide，asbetter﹣offresidentsescapedthecitywhilepoorblackssufferedinthestinkysportsarena.（）A．raw B．bare C．complicated D．racial28．（1分）TheseMBAsareundeniablyexpensiveand______posethequestionastohowmuchvalueandpaybacktheycanprovide.（）A．essentially B．absolutely C．consistently D．consequentlySectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.29．（10分）A.touchesB.stageC.crossedD.outnumberingE.presentF.fundraiserG.accountH.availableI.wanderedJ.addressK.coverageThenightbeforetheMarchonWashington，on28August1963，MartinLutherKingaskedhisaidesforadviceaboutthenextday'sspeech."Don'tusethelinesabout'Ihaveadream'，hisadviserWyattWalkertoldhim."You'veusedittoomanytimesalready."Kinghadindeedemployedtherefrain（repeatedsentences）severaltimesbefore.Ithadfeaturedinanaddressjustaweekearlierata（1）inChicago，andafewmonthsbeforethatatahugerallyinDetroit.Aswithmostofhisspeeches，bothhadbeenwellreceived，butneitherhadbeenregardedasmomentous.Thisspeechhadtobedifferent.WhileKingwasbynowanationalpoliticalfigure，relativelyfewoutsidetheblackchurchandthecivilrightsmovementhadheardhimgiveafull（2）.Withallthreetelevisionnetworksofferinglive（3）ofthemarchforjobsandfreedom，thiswouldbehisoratorical（演说的）introductiontothenation.Afterawiderangeofconflictingsuggestionsfromhisstaff，KingleftthelobbyattheWillardhotelinDCtoputthefinal（4）toaspeechthathehopedwouldbereceived，inhiswords，"liketheGettysburgAddress".AfewfloorsbelowKing'ssuite，Walkermadehimself（5）.Kingwouldcalldownandtellhimwhathewantedtosay；Walkerwouldwritesomethingthathehopedworked，andthenheadupthestairsto（6）ittoKing.Kingfinishedtheoutlineataboutmidnightandthenwroteadraftinlonghand.OneofhisaideswhowenttoKing'ssuitethatnightsawwords（7）outthreeorfourtimes.HethoughtitlookedasthoughKingwerewritingpoetry.Kingwenttosleepatabout4am，givingthetexttohisaidestoprintanddistribute.The"Ihaveadream"sectionwasnotinit.AfewhoursafterKingwenttosleep，themarch'sorganizer，BayardRustin，（8）ontotheWashingtonMall，wherethedemonstrationwouldtakeplacelaterthatday，withsomeofhisassistants，tofindsecuritypersonnelandjournalists（9）demonstrators.PoliticalmarchesinWashingtonarenowcommonplace，butin1963attemptingto（10）amarchofthissizeinthatplacewasunprecedented.30．（10分）A.perceiveB.detectorsC.positionedD.clarityE.renewF.respectG.modifyH.concentrationI.fooledJ.receptionK.mediumWinetastingmeanssamplingitinordertojudgeitsqualityordefineitscharacteristics.Professionalwinetastingrequiresthestudyand（1）ofsomerulesonhowtotasteawine，howevereveryonecandoit，eventhelessexperienced，followingsomeeasyprecautions.Therearenodifferencesbetweenhowtotastearedwineorhowtotasteawhitewine.Inbothcasesitisaquestionofcarryingoutasensoryanalysisthatinvolvessight，smellandtasteand，ofcourse，interpretingwhatyoursenses（2）withyourownpersonalexperiences，memoriesandemotions.TheappearanceOfallthesensorysystems，thevisualoneiscertainlythemostcomplex.Justthinkthattheopticnervecontainsamillionreceptorscomparedtotheacousticonewhichcontainsonly30，000.Visualevaluationbeginsbyobservingthewineasitispouredintotheglass.Theglassshouldbebroughttoeyeleveltoevaluatecolor，transparencyand（3）.Thebestwaytodothisistotilt（倾斜）theglassagainstawhitebackgroundtobringoutthecolortone.Byrotatingtheglasssothatthewinespreadsonthewallsoftheglass，youwillobservethearches，alsoknownas'tears'or'legs'：（4）oftheviscosity（粘稠度）ofthewineandthealcoholcontent.Thesmallerthearchesandthemoreviscousthewineisonthewalls，thegreaterthestructureandthealcoholcontent.OnthenoseThesenseofsmellisnever（5），unlikewhathappenstoothersenseorgans，suchasvision.Forthisreason，themomentinwhichthewineissmeltinasensoryanalysisisveryimportantandrequiresparticular（6）.Theolfactory（connectedwiththesenseofsmell）stimulireachtherighthemisphereofourbrain，theoneinchargeofcreativityandemotions.Thesenseofsmellhasdirectconnectionswiththepartofthebrainwhichoverseesourintimateandemotionallife，andcan（7）brainactivitybyinfluencingouractionsmuchmorethanwerealize.Thewineshouldbesmeltwhentheglassisstill，inhalingdeeplyandquicklyandthenmovingtheglassaway.Beforesniffingagain，itisgoodtoswirltheglassinordertoreleasethevolatile（易挥发的）substances.Theperceivedodorsaregenerallygroupedintosixlargefamilies：floral，fruity，vegetable，spicy，differentbiochemicals.Wealsotrytoperceiveitsintensityandcomplexity.OnthepalateThetimehascometotastethewineandunderstandhowtoevaluatethewineinthemouth，usingthesenseoftaste.Tastehassimilar（8）mechanismsasthesenseofsmell，onethatoperatesonmoleculesdispersedintheairandtheotheroncompoundsdissolvedorotherwiseconveyedbyaliquid（9）.Bothsmellandtastereachtheareasolderthanthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）.Thewinemustbetastedinsmallquantitiesandheldinthemouthtoallowthetastebuds（10）onthetongueandonthepalatetobeabletoperceiveitsflavor（therearefourflavorsthatwecanrecognizewithdescriptors：sweet，salty，sourandbitter）andtheconsistencyorbody.ReadingComprehensionSectionAClozeDirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.31．（15分）TheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedomTheMarchonWashingtonbroughttogethermanydifferentcivilrightsgroups，laborunions，and（1）organizations，includingtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople，theAmericanFederationofLabor，andtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConference.（2），notallcivilrightsactivistswereinfavorofthemarch.BayardRustin，thoughoneofthemainorganizersofthemarch，wasconcernedthatitwouldturnviolentanddamagetheinternational（3）oftheCivilRightsMovement.Others，likeMalcolmX，whohelpedpopularizethemilitantBlackPowerMovement，lookeddownupontheMarchonWashingtonbecauseofitsnonviolent（4）.Callingitthe"Farce（闹剧）onWashington，"MalcolmXaccusedblackcivilrightsactivistsofteamingwithwhitesandaccepting（5）fromwhites.OnAugust28，1963，250，000protestersgatheredontheNationalMallinWashington，DCtodemonstrate（6）fullcivil，political，andeconomicrightsforAfricanAmericans.TheMarchonWashingtonwasoneofthelargestdemonstrationsforhumanrightsinUShistory，andaspectacular（7）ofthepowerofnon﹣violentdirectaction.1963wasthe100thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln'sEmancipationProclamation（《解放黑奴宣言》），andoneofthemajorthemesoftherallywasthatthe（8）ofemancipationremainedunfulfilled.ThemarchbeganattheWashingtonmonumentandendedattheLincolnMemorial，whererepresentativesofthe（9）organizationsdeliveredspeeches.ThelastspeakerofthedaywasDr.MartinLutherKing，Jr.，whodeliveredwhatbecamethemostfamousspeechoftheentirecivilrightsera，the"IHaveaDream"speech，which（10）aworldinwhichpeoplewerejudgednotbythecoloroftheirskin，butbythecontentoftheircharacter.Becauseofthis，apopular（11）hasarisenthatitwasDr.Kingwhoinitiatedtherally.Infact，theideaforamarchonWashingtonbelongedtoA.PhilipRandolph，ablacklaborleaderwho（12）theNegroAmericanLaborCouncilatthetimeofthemarch，andhadpreviouslyorganizedtheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters，thefirstAfricanAmericanlaborunioninUShistory.ThesolepurposeoftheMarchonWashingtonwasnottoeliminateJimCrowlaws，whichmeantSouthernblackswouldcontinuetoliveinconditionsofpovertyandinequality，withwhites（13）themtheirhard﹣wonpoliticalrightsandfreedoms，thoughtheprotesterscertainlydesiredtobringa（14）endtothesegregationthathadbeeninstitutionalizedintheSouthaftertheCivilWar.Thoughtheorganizersoftherallydemandedthedesegregationofallschools，themajorityofthedemandsrevolvedaroundissuesofeconomic（15）﹣likeequalaccesstopublicfacilitiesandaccommodations，housing，education，andjobs.（1）A.academicB.religiousC.vocationalD.commercial（2）A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Nevertheless（3）A.reputationB.communityC.agreementD.status（4）A.approachB.tendencyC.intensityD.exposure（5）A.criticismB.apologiesC.donationsD.challenges（6）A.onbehalfofB.infavorofC.bymeansofD.onaccountof（7）A.justificationB.symbolC.exampleD.version（8）A.presenceB.interpretationC.potentialD.promise（9）A.sponsoringB.opposingC.strikingD.emerging（10）A.analyzedB.envisionedC.compromisedD.emphasized（11）A.phenomenonB.theoryC.practiceD.misconception（12）A.foundedB.opposedC.headedD.favored（13）A.grantingB.denyingC.threateningD.declining（14）A.substantialB.royalC.swiftD.remarkable（15）A.prosperityB.securityC.policyD.justiceSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.32．（8分）CharlesinChargeIn1812，theyearCharlesDickenswasborn，therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury﹣mostcriticsdatethegenretoRobinsonCrusoein1719﹣butnobodyaspiredtodoitprofessionally.Manyworksoffictionappearedanonymously，withattributionslike"ByaLady."Thesteam﹣poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsinfancy；theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Andnovels，forthemostpart，werelookeduponassilly，immoral，toxicorjustplainbad."Nospeciesofcompositionhasbeensomuchdecried，"wroteoneladyofthetime，JaneAusten，inNorthangerAbbey，asatiricalnovelthatcriticizesasensitiveyoungwomanwhoreadstoomanygothicnovels.In1870，whenDickensdied，theworldmournedhimasitsfirstliterarycelebrity：acareerwriterandpublisher，famousandbeloved，whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacterswereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Expellinghimfromthepantheon（名流）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？It'spartlythatDickens'writingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiscareerrodeawaveofsocial，politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Asthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthdayapproaches，itispossible﹣andenlighteningforourownculture﹣tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.Dickensgotintonovelwritingbyaccident.Asayoungman，helongedtobeanactorandtrainedtobeareporter.In1836heacceptedamagazinecommissiontowriteaseriesofcomicsketchestoaccompanyasetofillustrationsofsportinglife.Theresult，ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub，wasasensation.ItestablishedDickensasapeerlessventriloquist（腹语者），abletochannelthevoicesofbothcelebritiesandservants，andasagiftedwriterofserials，whichbecamethestandardmethodofpublicationinanerawhenbookswereexpensivebutcheapperiodicalsthrived.Mostimportantintermsofhislegacy，ThePickwickPapersestablishedhimasafinanciallyviable（可存活的）artist，bridgingthegapbetweencreativityandcommerce.FromPickwicktohisdeathbed，hewroteforanaudience，andhewroteformoney﹣twoforcesthatbeforehistimehadhadlittletodowithart."Heinventedthatformofpublicity，anintimacywithhismassreadership，"saysNicholasDames，aVictorianscholar."Andheinventedmerchandising."（ThinkofAChristmasCarol，whichhetimedfortheholidays.）"Allthosethingsthatweassociatewithpublishingculture﹣hewasessentiallythefirst."AndDickensknewit.HecalledhimselftheInimitable，anicknamethatstuck.（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury？A.Theyweremostlywrittenbyfemaleamateurwriters.B.AboutonlyhalfoftheBritonshadeverreadnovels.C.Theywereunpopularpartlyfortechnologicalreasons.D.Mostnovelswerepoorlyreceivedexceptsatiricalones.（2）Dickensiscomparedwiththe"MonaLisa"inthetexttostress.A.theimpressivecharactershecreatedB.hisgreatimportanceinBritishliteratureC.hissuccessingainingawidereadershipD.thereaders'loveandadmirationforhim（3）What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.TopraiseCharlesDickens'literarycontributionstoBritishliterature.B.TointroduceCharlesDickens'lifeexperienceandhisachievements.C.ToanalyzethegrowthofnovelwritingintheUKinthe18thcentury.D.ToexploreCharlesDickens'pathtobecomingagreatwriterinhistory.（4）Intheauthor'sopinion，Dickens'uniquenesscanbebestexplainedbythefactthat.A.hisworkscouldappealtoreadersofdifferentsocialclassesB.hetookadvantageofthesocial，politicalandscientificadvancesC.hemadewritingbothprofitableandtouchingtothereadersD.heexploredbothBritishcultureandhimselfinhiswriting33．（6分）THESHAKESPEAREHOUSESThefiveShakespeareHousesinandaroundStratford﹣upon﹣AvonofferyouanauthenticexperienceoftheStratfordworldinwhichthefamousdramatistwasborn，livedanddied.CloselyconnectedwithWilliamShakespeareorhisimmediatefamily，theseoriginalhousesarenowownedandearedforbytheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.OPENINGTIMESSeptember—MayMon—Sat：10：00am—4：00pmSunday：10：30am—4：00pmJune—AugustMon—Sat：9：00am—5：00pmSunday：9：30am—5：00pmBESTVALUETICKETSTHETHREEIN﹣TOWNSHAKESPEAREHOUSESAdult£8.50Child£4.20Family£20.00ALLFIVESHAKESPEAREHOUSESAdult£12.00Child£6.00Family£29.00CHILDRENANDSTUDENTSTICKETSUnder5：FreeBetween5&16：Childrate17andover：Adultrate17andoverandinsecondaryeducation：FamilyticketGROUPVISITSGroupsof20ormorevisitorsqualifyfora10%discountonticketprices.Formoreinformationtelephone01789201806or201836.SPECIALVISITSTheHousesareopenoutofhoursbyspecialarrangement.Theyofferauniquesettingforfunctions，dinners，receptionsandotherevents.Formoreinformationtelephone01789201808.EDUCATIONGROUPSWewelcomevisitsbyorganizedgroups.Onememberofstaffisadmittedfreewithevery10pupilsorstudents.Additionaladultsandhelperswillbechargedattheadultrate.Pupilsofprimaryandsecondaryschoolswillbechargedatthechildrate（validstudentIDmayberequested）.Educationgroupsof20ormorevisitorsalsoqualifyfora10%discountonadmissions.Formoreinformationtelephone0178201806or201836.EDUCATIONDEPARTMENTTheEducationDepartmentattheTrustorganizesmanyspecialprojects，dayschools，coursesandlectures.Ifyouwouldlikefurtherinformation，telephone01789201805.（1）Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthispassage？A.Inatextbook.B.Inatravelbooklet.C.Inamagazine.D.InabookonShakespeare.（2）Ifagroupof30middleschoolstudentsaccompaniedbytwoteachersistovisitthefiveShakespeareHouses，howmuchshouldtheypayforthetickets？A.£180B.£183.6C.£162D.£204（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.ShakespearelivedinallthefivehousesinandaroundStratford﹣upon﹣Avon.B.TheHousesareopenlongerhoursinOctoberthaninJulybothonweekdaysandatweekends.C.IfvisitorsneedmoreinformationaboutlecturesonShakespeare，hecancontact201836.D.YoucanvisittheHousesafter5pmifyoucontacttheTrustinadvanceon01789201808.34．（8分）HungerpainsWhenLay'spotatochipschallengedAmericanswithitsslogan"Betyoucan'teatjustone"inthe1960s，thecompanywasmakingaprettysafebet.Potatochips，likepizzaandicecream，topthelistofthemost"addictive"foods.Weknowthatcertainfeaturesofthesefoodstriggerthebrainspleasurecenterandmakeitdifficulttostopeating.Butwhenwesaythesefoodsare"addictive，"dowereallymeanit？Canyouliterallybeaddictedtofood？It'sacontroversialquestionamongresearchers."Foodaddictionisnotuniversallyrecognizedbymedicalprofessionals，butthereareindividualpractitionerswhobelievethatitisaconceptthathasutility，"saysCheveseTurnerfromtheNationalEatingDisorderAssociation.Althoughyoucanfindprogramsthattreatfoodaddiction，tryingtogettreatmentforfoodaddictioncouldbedangerousbecausethetreatmentplancouldencouragedisorderedeating.Andtobehonest，the"symptoms"offoodaddiction，accordingtoFoodAddictsAnonymous，arealittlequestionable.Theirwebsiteasks："Haveyoutrieddifferentdietsorweightlossprograms，butnonehasworkedpermanently？Doyouavoidsocialinteractionsbecauseyoufeelyoudonotlookgoodenoughordonothavetheproperfittingclothes？"Manypeoplecouldansweryestothesequestions."Peoplewhohavedraftedthemselvesintotheanti﹣fat﹣personarmyfeelcomfortableandjustifiedinjudgingfatpeople'sfoodchoices，"activistRagenChastainwroteinherblog."Whethertheyaredisgracingusforeatingsomethingthattheydon'tthinkweshouldbeeating，orcongratulatingusforeatingsomethingofwhichtheyapprove，fatpeoplecanfindourselvesdealingwithallkindsofinappropriateinteractionsinvolvingfood."OthersymptomslistedbyFoodAddictsAnonymoussoundmorelegitimate："Haveyoufoundyourselfvomiting，usinglaxatives（泻药）orexercisingalottoavoidaweightgainafteryouhaveeatenalot？"Thiskindofsymptomcertainlypointstodisorderedeating，ifnotfoodaddiction.Perhapstheclosestrecognizedconditiontofoodaddictionisbingeeatingdisorder（BED）.ButBEDandfoodaddictionarenotthesamething."Foodaddictionisdefinedascausingapreoccupationwithfoodsthatprovideintensepleasureanddopamineincreaseslikedrugs，alcohol，shopping，gambling，"Turnersays."WhilepeoplewithBEDmayfeastonhighlytastyfoods，bingeingisonlyonepartofthebehaviorsassociatedwiththedisorderand，therefore，treatmentiscomplex."Often，peoplewhobingealsoengageinrestrictivebehaviorslikeoverexercisingandfasting，TurnersayspeoplewhohaveBEDalsotendtohavedepression，anxietyorothermooddisorders.Whiletreatmentforfoodaddictiontypicallycallsforavoidingwhiteflour，sugar，andotherso﹣called"addictive"foods，treatmentforBEDismoreinvolved.BEDtreatmenttriestoaddressunderlyingissues，includingpainfulexperiencesandmentalhealth，aswellasdecreasetheurgetobingeandrestrictfood.Intreatmentforfoodaddiction，restrictiontypicallygoesunaddressed.Whileeatingdisorderexpertsagreethatsomefoodsareengineeredtobeastastyandaddictiveaspossible，manyworrythattheconceptoffoodaddictioncouldbemoreharmfulthanhelpful.（1）Theresearchers'disagreementliesin.A.whetherLay'spotatochipsareaddictiveB.whatthepublicmeanby"addictive"C.whetherfoodaddictionismedicallyacceptedD.howmuchnutritionaddictivefoodscontain（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromRagenChastain'swords？A.Plus﹣sizepeopleareactua