2016高三寒假网络课程动词时态语态

第一二讲：动词的时态和语态江苏省南菁高级中学：蒋倩时态四时：现在，过去，将来，过去将来四体：一般，进行，完成，完成进行

16种时态，10种掌握《5+3》16formsofverbtenses现在过去将来过去将来一般do/doesdidwill/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodowould/shoulddo进行am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoingwould/shallbedoingwas/weregoingtodo完成have/hasdonehaddonewill/shallbedoingwould/shouldbedoingwas/weregoingtodo完成进行have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwill/shallhavebeendoingwould/shouldhavebeendoing一般体一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时

1.现在的习惯性动作；现在的能力

Mybrotherplaysfootball,buthehasn’tplayedsincelastyear.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe______unabletoplay

football,shewouldbeinvitedtojoinourclub.2.客观真理，科学事实（宾语从句）

Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.

3.条件/时间/让步状语从句（表将来）Iftheproblemsarenotaddressedintime,wewillfacemuchtrouble.

is

4.格言警句：Hardworkpaysoff.5.here,there完全倒装（不用进行时）

Herecomesthebus./Theregoesthebell.

6.

报刊标题，文学评论，舞台指导

7.时刻表，列车表，课程表

Fight123takesoff

at18:00.

Thelibraryopens

at9:00andclosesat17:00.一般现在时一般过去时1.过去的习惯性动作usedtodo含今昔对比woulddo不含今昔对比

2.表示过去曾经，现在已经不再了（可与for+一段时间连用）

Heplayedfootballforfouryearswhenhewasyoung,butnowheistoooldtoplayit.3.在状语从句中代替过去将来时4.虚拟语气句型

Itistimethatsb.didsth.wouldrathersb.didsth.wishthatsb.didsth.evenifsb.didsth.asifsb.didsth.

5.情态动词的过去式表委婉语气

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomeafavour.一般过去时一般将来时

1.willdo/won’t

do①将要发生的动作②事物的固有属性

Humanbeingswilldiewithoutwater.③临时决定

It’sraining.Iwillstayhere.④暂时丧失功能

Thedoorwon’topen.⑤写作句型

祈使句+and+sb.will...

Workhardandyouwillpay

off.一般将来时

2.begoingtodo

①对将来的计划和打算

②根据现在的迹象对未来进行推测

Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.

③begoingto用在条件句(计划,打算)

Ifyouaregoingtostudyabroad,makefullpreparationsinadvance.

一般将来时

3.beabouttodo

“立即的将来”，不加具体的时间状语。可构成结构beabouttodo---when---。

4.

趋向性动词（来去，始终，开闭）

come,go,arrive,leave/begin,start,finish/open,close

常用一般现在时，现在进行时表将来。

IarriveinBeijingat3p.m.tomorrow.(时刻表)

TheyareleavingforBeijing.(beaboutto即将)

一般将来时5.

is/aretodosth.(8种用法)(1)计划

Sheistobemarriednextmonth.(2)应该

Youaretoreportittothepolice.(3)打算

Ifyouaretoleave,letmeknow.(4)第一人称疑问句，征求对方意见

Whatarewetodonext?(5)禁止

Thebookisnottobetakenoutside.(6)可以

Thebookisnowheretobefound.(7)虚拟

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,---.(8)主表被

betoblame/betolet

过去将来时

1.woulddo

①过去将发生的动作②过去的习惯性动作

2.was/weregoingtodo

①过去的计划打算

②未曾实现的意图

---Youshouldhavecometothemeeting.---Iwasgoingto,butmymotherwasill.过去将来时3.was/wereabouttodosth…when…was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when…

Iwasabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.4.was/werecoming/leaving/beginning/closing…趋向性动词用于过去将来时，表过去的计划安排，将要发生的动作。过去将来时

5.was/weretodosth.①曾经计划要做某事

IfeltnervousbecauseIwassoontoleave

forthefirsttime.②命中注定要发生某事

Theydeparted,littleknowingtheywere

nevertomeetagain.③后来的确发生的事情

Thedanceisreallyahit,butyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheyweretoachieve

suchgreatsuccess.过去将来时

5.weretodosth.④if虚拟条件句(将来)Ifitweretorain,Iwouldstayathome.

注意：was/weretohavedone本打算做（未实现）Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.

进行体现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时

am(is/are)

/was(were)doing…1.时间点/段内正在进行的动作2.表示动作的未完性，暂时性

Youcan’tgooutasyourworkisbeingdone.Idon’treallyworkhere.Iamjusthelpingout.3.长动作为背景，被短动作打断

IwasreadinganovelwhenMumcamein.

4.计划安排I

amgoingabroadnextmonth.

现在进行时/过去进行时现在进行时/过去进行时5.表赞赏，厌恶，遗憾

bealways/continually/constantly

doingsth.6.表示逐渐发展的动作

Itisgettingdarker.

Thewindisrising.

Thenumberisincreasing.7.不用进行时的动词事实状态，心理状态，瞬间动词，系动词

完成体现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时1.

过去的动作持续到现在

lately,recently,since,sincethen,eversince,

uptonow,sofar,inthelast/pastfewyears2.过去动作对现在的影响

already,just,yet,never,before3.It

isthefirst/second/...timethat...have/hasdone4.条件/时间/让步状从中,将来某时前已完成动作

Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.5.瞬间动词用于完成时态不与时间段连用

Thecouplehavegotmarriedfor10years.

现在完成时F1.

过去的过去

Ihurriedtothestationonlytobetoldhehadleft.2.动作延续到过去某时

bythen/bytheendof2015/bythetime+过去时3.Hardly/Barely/Scarcely...(过去完成时)

when...

Nosooner...(过去完成时)than...(一般过去时)4.Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat...haddone5.过去未曾实现的愿望或意图

hadintended/meant/expected/hopedtodo(intended/meant/expected/hopedtohavedone)

过去完成时到将来某时将完成的动作1.Bythistimeofnextyear,allofyouwillhaveecollegestudents.2.Bytheendofthismonthhewillhavelivedherefortenyears.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwillhavebeenawayfortwoweeks.将来完成时完成进行体

动作始于过去，延续到现在，现在仍在进行HehasbeenlearningEnglishforacoupleofyears.2.Youhavebeenworkinginfrontofthecomputerfortoolong.现在完成进行时未完性感情色彩语态考点一：不定式在某些形容词(easy,hard,difficult,

light,heavy,

safe,dangerous,

comfortable,pleasant)后作状语且和句子主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，主动形式表示被动含义。

Thelongessayistoodifficulttounderstand.

Hefoundthemathproblemeasytoworkout.

动词的语态考点二：动词say,report,announce,

believe,suppose,consider,

expect,hope,

know等以it作

形式主语时用被动语态，后面接that从句。

Itissaid/reported/announcedthatourteamhaswonthegame.

考点三：make/see/hearsb.dosth.(宾语补足语)→bemade/seen/heardtodosth.(主语补足语)

Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.

动词的语态考点四：sth.need/want/requiretobedone

→sth.need/want/requiredoing

Theserioussituationneeds/wants/requirespaying

attentionto.

考点五：sth.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone

→sth.beworthdoing

Thesciencefictionhasatwistedplotandiswellworthreading.

动词的语态二、高考真题赏析1.[安徽卷]Thetwins,who________theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.A．willfinishB．finishC．havefinishedD．hadfinished2.[北京卷]—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I________inanapplicationformforanewjob.A．fillB．havefilledC．amfillingD．willfill3.[北京卷]—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute，I________itforyou.A．checkB．checkedC．willcheckD．wouldcheck1．D考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，完成作业是在wereallowed之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。句意：已完成作业的双胞胎，被允许到操场上打羽毛球。故选D。2．C考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，回答人“正忙着”，所以是“正在填写申请表格”，用现在进行时，选C。3．C考查动词的时态。根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点，但是“将去核实一下”，应选一般将来时。故选C。

4.[北京卷]Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit________whenIarrived.A．startedB．wasstartingC．wouldstartD．hadstarted5.[全国大纲卷]Unlesssomeextramoney________,thetheatrewillclose.wasfoundB.findsC.isfoundD.found

6.[全国大纲卷]Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody________themsince.A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen4．D考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，“我”不能跟上演讲的原因是，“我”到达的时候演讲已经开始了。“到达”为一般过去时，表述过去的动作。“已经开始”表达过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选D。5．C考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。6．C考查动词的时态。句意：那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为“从那以后”，这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。7.[福建卷]—Haven'tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaand________thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.A．stayedB．stayC．hadstayedD．amstaying8.[湖南卷]Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.tryB.havebeentryingC.aretryingD.willtry9.[湖南卷]Wheneveryou ________apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.willbuyD.buy7．A考查动词的时态。句意

：“很久没有见到你了！你去哪里了？”“我去了宁夏，在那里支教了一年。”根据句意可知，stay的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。8.B考查动词的时态。句意：自人类开始园艺的时期起，我们就一直努力把我们的环境变得更加美好。根据since的提示可知用现在完成时，再根据语境可知，动作try从过去一直持续到现在，而且还要继续进行下去，因

此用现在完成进行时。9.D考查动词的时态

。句意：不管何时买礼物，你都应该从礼物接收者的角度加以考虑。根据主句中的情态动词可知“买”这一动作发生在将来，但是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，不能用一般将来时，而要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故选D。10.[江苏卷]—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A．coverB．willcoverC．havecoveredD．Covered11.[江西卷]—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I________uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting

12.[山东卷]Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime­consumingthanwe________.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD．hadexpected10．C考查动词的时态与语态。句意：“你对于即将在南京召开的青奥会知道多少？”“哦，媒体已经以多种多样的形式对其进行了报道。”根据语境可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。11．D考查动词的时态。句意：“托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？”“我在过去的五分钟内一直在剁辣椒。”根据forthelastfiveminutes可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C项，误以为动作是在“过去的过去”发生的。此句是指过去所做的事对现在的影响。12．D考查动词的时态。句意：手写所有的请帖要比我们之前预想的更加耗时。根据句意可知，expect动作发生在was之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选D。13. [山东卷]Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey________anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.A．boughtB．wouldbuyC．haveboughtD．hadbought

14. [陕西卷]DuringhisstayinXi'an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends________．wouldmendB.hadmendedC.havemendedD.weremending15. [四川卷]She________someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.phonedB.hadphonedC.wasphoningD.hasphoned13.B考查动词的时态。句意：他们下定决心一旦拉里换了工作他们就会买一所新房子。that引导的从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致，主句用的是一般过去时，再由语境判断从句用过去将来时。故选B。14.B考查动词的时态。所填词动作发生在tried…foods这一动作之前，即表示“过去的过去”，用过去完

成时，故选B。15．C考查动词的时态。根据后一分句“我”只向她点了下头可知她正在打电话，故使用过去进行时。句意：她正在和某人打电话，所以我向她点了下头便走了。16. [天津卷]Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．arebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade17. [浙江卷]Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshe________mostoftheguestsbefore.A．hasseenB．hadseenC．sawD．wouldsee18. [重庆卷]You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou________it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgotD.willforget16.C考查动词的时态和语态。句意：直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。根据主句中的关键词won'tstart(不会开始)是一般将来时，可知until引导的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如无一般现在时，可用现在完成时代替一般将来时，强调从句动作的完成性。17．B考查动词的时态和语态。句意：索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔，她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。根据句意知，此处see的动作发生在过去的过去，同时由题眼before可知，该空应该用过去完成时态，故选B项。18．A考查动词的时态。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让

步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。故选A。19. [重庆卷]Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.came19．B考查动词的时态。该句中的didn'tknow与until连用决定了该空的时态是过去进行时，即“昨天才知道James要来”。三、典型例题

1.—Canwemeettomorrowafternoon?—Notintheafternoon,I’mafraid.I_______.willbeworkingB.amgoingtoworkC.amabouttoworkD.willwork2.Itisgenerally______thatnewindustries_____forthesouthernpartofthecountry.agreed;areneededB.agreed;tobeneededC.agreeing;areneedingD.agreeing;needed3.—Iwonderifyoucouldgowithmetothecinema.—Don’tdisturbme.I____acompositionallthemorningandhaven’tfinishedyet.A.writeB.waswritingC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting4. ----Idon’tbelievethatJohncanrememberwhattherobberwaslike.----You’requitewrong.Iknowitwasdark,buthe________therobber’sface.I’msureofit.didsee B.wasseeing C.hadseen D.wouldsee5. ----Myunclewillbeheretoattendameetingtomorrow.----Oh,Ithoughtthathe____today.wascoming B.iscoming C.willcome D.couldcome6. Iwon’tbeabletowatchtheprogrambecauseI_______myhomeworkatthattime.shallhavedoneB.willdoC.shallbedoneD.willbedoing7. —Haveyouthoughtaboutyourdayoffnextweek?—Ohyes,I_______thesunshineinHawaiinextFridayafternoonwhileyou’reallworking.A.willenjoyB.areenjoyingC.willbeenjoyingD.amgoingtoenjoy8. Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_______usmuchimpression.A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft9. Thiskindofcloth______well.Ithinkitisworthy______.washes;buyingB.iswashed;buyingC.washes;tobeboughtD.iswashed;tobebought10. I_______forfiveminutes;whydon’ttheycome?amcallingB.calledC.wascalling D.havebeencalling11. Joseph_______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.wentB.hasbeengoingC.goesD.hasgone12. --IlikeBritishcultureverymuch，andIoncewenttoLondon.--Howlong______there?didyoustayB.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustayingD.hadyoustayed13. —Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI_______toapartybytenfriendsfromBeijing.invited B.wasinvited C.hadbeeninvited D.willbeinvited14. Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople_____allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sell B.wereselling C.hadsold D.havesold 15. ―What’sthematter?Youlookworriedandrestless.―Oh,nothingreallyserious.Asamatteroffact,I_____ofmygraduationthesis.Ihavetohanditinsoon.amjustthinkingB.justthoughtC.havejustthoughtD.wasjustthinking16. (2014•北京模拟)Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal_______cold.A.gets

B.hasgot

C.willget

D.isgetting17. Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe_______.A.wouldn’t

B.didn’t

C.hasn’t

D.hadn’t18. (2014•北京模拟)Ourfriendship_______quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.haddeveloped

B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop

D.developed19. (2014•安庆模拟)Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong_______inRussia?didyoustay

B.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustaying

D.haveyoubeenstaying20. (2014•邢台模拟)IhadwantedtohelpyoulastnightbutIcouldn’tspareanytime,forI______acompositionwhichIhavetohandinthismorning.wrote

B.waswritingC.hadwritten

D.havewritten21. (2014•吉林模拟)—Howdidyoucatchthethief?—Well,he______somegoodsintohisbagwhenIcamearoundacornerintheshop.SoIcaughthim.wasputting

B.wasputC.haveput

D.hadput22. (2014•马鞍山模拟)—Hi,Mathew,youlooksodeadlytired.—Yeah.I______themessyflatallday.cleanedB.hadcleanedC.havebeencleaningD.havecleaned23. (2014•雅安模拟)—I’mexhausted.I______onaprojectdayandnight.—You’dbetterhaveseveraldaysoffafterfinishingit.Otherwiseyoumightbreakdown.A.worked

B.haveworkedC.work

D.havebeenworking24. —I’llcometoseeyourperformanceat9:00tomorrowevening.—ButbythenmyperformancewillhaveendedandI______reportersinthemeetingroomatthattime.willmeet

B.willbemeetingC.aregoingtomeet

D.ammeeting25. (2014•唐山模拟)I______tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.come

B.cameC.amcoming

D.wascoming26. (2014•郑州模拟)Wang,Ihearthatyou_______alongtheMekongRiver.Haveyougoteverythingready?traveled

B.aretravelingC.havetraveled

D.travel27. (2014•重庆模拟)ThiswasthefirsttimethatChongqing

_______theListeningExami