




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-known1Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-known,AlltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesameA.A.arrangementB. C. D.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthservice,andweA.A. B. C. D.HehasbeengrantedasyluminA.A. B. C. D.NothingwouldinducemetovoteforhimA.A. B. C. D.nnC.B.A.HercommentsaboutmenareutterlyA.A. B.D.C.yThewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteA.A. B. C. D.WealmostranintoaRolls-RoycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutA.A. B. C. D.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthavingaA.A. B. C. D.ShemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoA.A. B. C. D.HewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenA.A. B. C. D.ThephotographsevokedstrongmemoriesofourholidayinA.A. B. C. D.Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenaman’sandawoman’sC.A. B.HeshiftedhispositionalittleinordertoalleviatethepaininhisA.A. B. C. D.A.A. B. C. D.TheweatherwascrispandclearandTheweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainInSports,RedistheWinningWhenopponentsofagameareequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin,accordingtoanewBritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreachedthatconclusionbystudyingthe esofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-Roman-wresting,andstyle-wrestlingmatchesatthe2004SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece.IneacheventOlympicstaffrandomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectiontocompetitors.Thered sticThered sticringswereleftonthefinches"Wheretherewasalargepointdifference—presumablybecauseonecontestantwasfarsuperiortotheother—colorhadnoeffectonthe e,”Bartonsaid.“Wheretherewasasmallpointdifference,theeffectofcolorwassufficienttotipthebalance.”Inequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreatenoughthatitcouldnotbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsimilarresultsinareviewofthecolorswornattheEuro2004internationalsoccertournament.Theirreportwillbepublishedintomorrow’sissueofthejournalNature.JoannaSetc,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.HerworkwiththelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrillsshowsthatredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.Thefindingthatredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriseher,addingthat“theideaofthestudyisveryclever.”HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyoutofamutualinterestintheevolutionofualsignalsinprimates—“redseemstobethecolor,acrossspecies,thatsignalsmaledominanceandtestosteronelevels,"Bartonsaid.experimentally cedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds’Forexample,studiesbySetc,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,showthatdominantmalemandrillshaveincreasedredcolorationintheirfacesexperimentally cedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds’BartonsaidheandHillspeculatedsomespeculatedthat“theremightbeasimilareffectinhumans.Andifso,itbebeapparentinsportingcontests.Thepairsaytheirresultsindicatethat ualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofhumans’response ,theprimatologist,agrees.“AsHillandBartonsay,humansreddenwhenweareangryandpalewhenscared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,”sheTheadvantageofredmaybeintuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofreduniformsinsports—"thoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappreciated,onaconsciouslevelatleast,”Bartonsaid.HeHeaddsthatthefindingofred’sadvantagemighthaveimplicationsforregulationsthat ernsportingattire.InOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forexample,itispossiblesomemedalwinnersmayhavereachedthepedestalwithanunintendedadvantage."Thatistheimplication,thoughwecannotsaythatitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecificcase,”BartonMeanwhile,Meanwhile, noted—tongue-in-cheek—thataredadvantagemaynotbelimitedtosports.“Goingbytherecent[U.S.]electionresults,redisindeedquitesuccessful,”sheBothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffects eofsportsA.A. B. C.NotHillandBartonarebothinterestedinA.A. B. C.NotMalemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractaA.A. B. C.NotRedisnotanadvantageforzebraA.A. B. C.NotA.A. B. C.NotHillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytoA. B. C.NotManyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportsA.A. B. C.Not27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。HowTechnologyPushesDownPriceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Peoplewhopredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffoodwerewrong.Weareproducingmoreandmorefoodwithlessandlesscapital.Foodisthereforemoreplentifulandcheaperthanithaseverbeen.Spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasfallenformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop.Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness,theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlower.HugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult,someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitswork by33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits"pathtogrowth”strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55,000globalwork .Thesecutshelpkeepcostsdown,andthepriceoffoodstayslow.Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Foodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinkscamein8oz(225g)cansinthepast,then12oz(350g),andnowcomein20oz(550g)cans.Ifacansellyouan8ozportionfor$7,theycansellyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttoisthefood,whichprobablycosts25A.A.HugeproducerstocuntConsumerslikeTechnologyhelpsreducefoodFoodcomescheaperinlargerChainstoresprovidebetterNowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingbiggerportionsforlessmoney.Butitishardtochangethe Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuy SomefoodproducershaveBesidescuttingitscost,Unileveralsoabandoned30.30.Buyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhave theirhuge theiratheirhuge theiragoodminorDNAtestingrevealstheDNAtestingrevealsthegenesofeachthatallhumancharacteristicsarecontainedin.Sincetheearlytwentiethcenturyscientistshave’sgenesandarepassedfromparentstochildren.workasachemicalinstructionmanualforeachpartandeachfunctionofthebody.TheirbasicchemicalelementiscalledDNA,acopyofwhichcanbefoundineverycell.TheexistenceofgenesandthechemicalstructureofDNAwereunderstoodbythemid-1900s,butscientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletoidentifya fromjustadropofbloodorasinglehair.OneofthemostimportantusesofDNAtestingisincriminalinvestigation.TheveryfirstuseofDNAtestinginacriminalcasewasin1985inGreatBritain,whenamanconfessedtokillingayoungwomanintheEnglishcountryside.Becausehadfoundsamplesofthekiller’sDNAatthesceneofthecrime,abiologistsuggestedthatitmightbepossibletocomparethatDNAtosomefromtheconfessor’sblood.Toeveryone’ssurprise,thetestsshowedthathewasnotthekiller.Norwasheguiltyofasimilarmurderthathadhappenedsometimeearlier.Atthatpointheadmittedthathehadconfessedtothecrimesoutoffearandpressure.Thethenasked5,000localmenforsamplesoftheirblood,andDNAtestingrevealedthatoneofthemwastherealmurderer,sothefirstmanwasset.In1992,twolawprofessors,PeterNeufeldandBarryScheck,decidedtouseDNAevidencetohelpsetsuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoners.Withthehelpoftheirstudents,theycreatedanot-for-profitorganizationcalledtheInnocenceProject.Mostoftheirsarepoormen,manyfromracialandethnicminorities.Infact,studieshaveshownthatU.S.judgesandjuriesareofteninfluencedbyracialandethnicbackground,andthatpeoplefromminoritygroupsaremorelikelytobeconvicted.Someofthesemenhadbeensentencedtodeath,aformofpunishmentusedinthirtyeightstatesoutoffifty(asof2006).Formostoftheseprisoners,theironlyhopewasanothertrialinwhichDNAtestingcouldbeusedtoprovetheirinnocence.Between1992and2006,theInnocenceProjecthelped100men.Someoftheseprisonershadbeeninjailforten,twentyyearsormoreforcrimestheydidnotcommit.However,thegoaloftheInnocenceProjectisnotsimplytosetthosewhoarewrongfullyinjail.Theyalsohopetobringaboutrealchangesinthecriminaljusticesystem.Illinoisinthelate1990s,agroupofjournalismstudentsatNorthwesternUniversitywereabletobringaboutsuchachangeinthatstate.TheybeganinvestigatingsomeIllinoisprisonerswhoclaimedtobeinnocent.ThroughDNAtesting,thestudentswereabletoprovethatinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimestheyhadbeenaccusedof.Thirteenofthesemenwereset,andin2000,ernorRyanofIllinoisdecidedtostopcarryingoutdeathsentencesuntilfurtherstudycouldbemadeoftheprisoners’cases.TheTheuseofDNAincriminalcasesisstillbeingdebatedaroundtheworld.Somefearthat ernmentswillonekeeprecordsofeveryone’sDNA,whichcouldputlimitsontheprivacythescienceofDNAtestingandthinkthatlawyersuseittogettheir domofcitizens.Otherpeoplewhetherornottheyareguilty.Butthosewhoseinnocencehasbeenprovenandwhoarenow men,DNAtestinghasmeantnothinglessthanareturntolife.AndwiththecarefuluseofDNAtesting,noinnocent shouldeverbeconvictedagain.WhatisthemainideaofthisDNAtestinghaschangedtheAmericanlegalDNAtestinghashelpedinnocentmengo inIllinois.DNAtestingusesgeneticstoidentifya DNAtestinghas yedakeyroleincriminalDNAtestingwasfirstusedinacriminalcaseby alawyerinNewstudentsindoctorsintheUnited inGreatBritainTheInnocenceProjectusesDNAtestingto set prisonerhelpthe putpeopleinprisonfindoutwhichlawyer provethat sareSomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversity provedsomeprisonerswerenotbelievedsome swerefromethnictoldthe ernorsofIllinoisnotto theprisonersshowedDNAtestingwasnotalwaysWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardDNA 第二篇GoingHerOwnWay Whenshewastwelve,Mariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.Shedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducation.Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschool,thoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic“finishing”schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusic,art,needlework,andhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistime,shehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark.Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschool,somethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetime,thereweretwotypesofhighschools:the“classical”schoolsandthe“technical”schools.Intheclassicalschools,thestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudies,withcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandli ture,andItalianli tureandhistory.Thefewgirlswhostudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools.Maria,however,wantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodernthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguages,mathematics,science,andaccounting.Mostpeople—includingMaria’sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermore,theydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem.Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschool,shehadtowinherfather’sapproval.Shefinallydid,withhermother’shelp,thoughthoughformanyyearsafter,therewastensioninthefamily.Maria’stoopposeher ns,whilemotherhelpedIn1883,atagethirteen,Mariaenteredthe“RegiaScuolaicaMichelangeloBuonarroti”inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodernsubjects,theteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemanding,disciplineintheclassroomwasstrict,andpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient.Mariawantedtoattenda schoolwithLatinandtechnicalhighschoolforartandInthosedays,mostItalian wenttoclassicalwentto"finishing”didnotgotohighwenttotechnicalMaria’sfather hadverymodernviewsabouthadverytraditionalviewsabouthadnoopinionaboutthoughtwomencouldnotlearnHighschoolteachersinItalyinthosedayswere veryvery quitequiteWecaninferfromthispassage onlygirlsattendedclassicalgirlsdidnotlikegoingtoMariawasagirlofstrong 第三篇GrossNationalHappiness Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhistculturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutanto modern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbyGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stableernment.NowthisissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhas enationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalso eademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.time.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthrough evisionandBhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenextcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.WhowasJigmeSingyeA ABuddhistAAApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforTomakeitspopulationTokeepitseparatefromtheToencourageitspeopletogetTokeepitstraditionandAcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby sellingmorespendingmorespendinglessprovidingmoreAccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierif havenewcanchangetheirhaveagood,stable havemoreToday,manycountries usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirworkingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasuretakingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialtryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasure TheMysteriesofNazca InthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades. (46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seass,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresonthein,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstilla (47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandInthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(记录)ofmovementofthestarsmovementofthestarsand Anotherexnationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.BritishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesMountainandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It’spossiblethatinthepast,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose. (49)But
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 电子商务教师资格证考试模拟题试题及答案
- 企业员工心理援助合同范本
- 冷链物流服务合同协议书
- 10我们不乱扔 (教学设计)统编版道德与法治二年级上册
- 初中语文衬托课件
- 《线段、直线、射线和角》(教学设计)-2024-2025学年四年级上册数学人教版
- 保险行业分析与展望
- 全员安全知识培训课件
- 小学防控疫情课件
- 2025商场租赁意向协议合同
- 个人装修合同免费样本范文5篇
- GB/T 33592-2017分布式电源并网运行控制规范
- 洼田饮水试验课件
- 【培训课件】卓越绩效评价准则导入培训
- midas Civil教程之梁桥抗震专题
- 发达资本主义国家的经济与政治课件
- 肥厚型梗阻性心肌病与麻醉1课件
- 注塑成型工艺流程图
- 工作分析与应用(第4版)参考答案
- 新版三全新体系管理目标指标考核及分解QES
- 阅读兴趣小组活动记录范文
评论
0/150
提交评论