2023学年完整公开课版构词法自作

附录构词法考向分析构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,名列高考大纲的语法项目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重点,特别是派生法,是每年高考的高频考点之一。考点清单一、合成法单句改错1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-years-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting.答案16-years-old→16-year-old在带有连字符的复合形容词中,名词应用单数形式,故16-years-old改为16-year-old。语境运用

16-years-old→16-year-old2.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-months-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.答案three-months-old→three-month-old复合形容词three-months-old使用错误,名词应用单数形式。

three-months-old→three-month-old3.StephenFrancisobservedeighteen-years-oldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.答案eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old在题干中,eighteen-years-old错误,中间的名词years应用单数形式。

eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old

二、派生法(一)形容词转换为副词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.答案fairly空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词的副词形式。

fairly

2.Dr.BaronewasmydoctorwhenIwasakid,andeventhoughIwas___________(probable)justanotherpatienttoher,tomeshewasmorethanjustmydoctor.3.(2015广东)

___________(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.单句改错4.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady._________________

probably

Luckily

steady→steadily

一、形容词变成副词后缀例词直接加-lycareful小心的→carefully小心地改y为-ilyhappy幸福的→happily幸福地以e结尾的形容词通常直接加-lyimmediate立即的→immediately立即地去e加-ly(这种情况少见)true确实的→truly确实地注：形容词加-ly构成的副词与该形容词意义相同。(二)形容词转换为名词单句填空1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_____________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.2.Thelinehasa_______________(long)of174kmasadoubletrackedpassengerdedicatedline,withtenstationssituatedalongitsroute.

ability

length

3.(2017河北衡水中学高三小二调)Nowthereisaresurgence(复苏)inits___________(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.4.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中高三月考)Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand__________(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.

popularity

convenience

二、形容词变成名词后缀例词-nessillness疾病，sickness疾病，carefulness细心，happiness幸福-y/-itydifficulty困难，possibility可能性，ability能力，activity活动-ismsocialism社会主义，realism现实主义(三)动词转换为名词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher______________(educate).2.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.

education

introduction

3.Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJason’sbest

______________

(perform)tothisday.4.(2016课标全国Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof_________________(achieve).

performance

achievement

三、动词变成名词后缀例词-anceacceptance接受，appearance出现，disappearance消失，entrance入口-encedifference差别，dependence依赖，existence存在，preference偏爱，reference参考-alarrival到达，denial否认，survival幸存，refusal拒绝-arbeggar乞丐，liar撒谎者-ionexamination检查，imagination想象力，education教育，decision决定-mentachievement成就，agreement同意，argument争论，development发展，encouragement鼓励-erteacher教师，worker工人，waiter男侍者-(r)essactress女演员，hostess女主人，waitress女侍者-oroperator接线员，conductor售票员，visitor游客，actor男演员(四)动词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)However,be___________(care)nottogotoextremes.2.Igavehimaquickhugandwentbackintotheseatingarea,leavinghimwitha______________(surprise)smile.3.Whilethereare__________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

careful

surprised

amazing

四、动词变成形容词后缀例词-ouscontinuous持续的，various各种各样的-ableacceptable可接受的，eatable可食用的-ed/-inginterested感兴趣的，interesting有趣的-ive(有……倾向的)attractive有吸引力的，creative创造性的不规则动词broken(break)破碎的，lost(lose)丢失的，迷失的(五)名词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.

successful

2.(2015课标全国Ⅱ)As___________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.单句改错3.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.______________________

natural

difference→different

五、名词变成形容词后缀例词-able/-ible(能够)valuable有价值的，responsible有责任的-ish(稍/略……，似……的，……国家的)selfish自私的，childish孩子气的，British英国的-al(……的)natural自然界的，cultural文化的-(a)n/-ian/-ese(人的，地方的)American美国(人)的，Russian俄国(人)的；Chinese中国(人)的-less(无，不)careless粗心的，useless无用的-en(由……制成的)wooden木制的，woolen羊毛制的-ly(像……的)friendly友好的，manly有男人气概的，lovely可爱的-ern(表方向)northern北方的，southern南方的-ous(有……性质的)nervous紧张的，dangerous危险的，ambitious有雄心的-ful(充满……的)useful有用的，helpful有帮助的-ic/-ical(有……性质的)economic经济的，political政治的-y(有……性质的)noisy噪音的，snowy下雪的，dirty脏的，thirsty口渴的六、形容词变成动词后缀例词-enwiden使加宽，shorten使缩短，soften使软化，sharpen使锋利-izecivilize使开化，modernize使现代化-ify/-fysimplify使简化，beautify使美化前缀例词en-enable使能够，enrich使富有，enlarge扩大七、名词变成名词(人)后缀例词-erfarmer农场主，villager村民，geographer地理学者-eseChinese中国人，Japanese日本人-ian/-(a)nmusician音乐家，physician内科医生，Russian俄罗斯人，African非洲人，American美国人-istscientist科学家，physicist物理学家，socialist社会主义者，biologist生物学家八、不改变词性的前缀

前缀例词

in-(不，非)invisible看不见的，incomplete不完整的，incorrect不正确的

il-(不，非)illegal违法的，illogical不符合逻辑的

im-(不，非)imperfect不完美的，immoral不道德的，impolite不礼貌的，impossible不可能的

ir-(不，非)irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的

un-(不，非)unfair不公平的，unhealthy不健康的，unlucky不幸的，unfortunate不幸的，unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，undress给(某人)脱衣服，unload卸货

non-(无，没有)nonsense胡说，废话，non-effective无效的，non-existent不存在的dis-(不，无)disagree不同意，disadvantage劣势，dissatisfy使不满意，dishonest不诚实的，dislike不喜欢a-(在……上/里/前)aboard在轮船/火车/飞