大学英语-大学六级模拟98

大学六级模拟98

PartIWriting

Directions：Forthispartzyouareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopic：AbilityandGoodLooks.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow：

工、现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班

2•对这种做法有人表示支持，有人并不赞成

3.我认为……

ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions：Inthispartzyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

andanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

giveninthepassage；

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

giveninthepassage；

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgivenin

thepassage.

Natural-gasVehicles

KermittheFrogoncesaid,HIt*snotthateasybeinggreen."Althoughhe

wasn*treferringtocars,hisobservationseemsparticularlyappropriatefor

theautoindustrytoday：designing,developingandmarketing"green**cars

hasnotbeenaneasytask,whichiswhygasoline-poweredvehiclesstillrule

theworldandfossilfuelsstillaccountforalmost75percentoftheworld*s

energyconsumption.Asgasolinesoarandconcernoverharmfulemissionmounts,

however,carsthatrunonalternatefuelsourceswillbecomeincreasingly

important.Anatural-gasvehiclezorNGVZistheperfectexampleofsucha

car--it*sfuel-efficientzenvironmentallyfriendlyandoffersarelatively

lowcostofownership.Naturalgasbasics

Theword"gasnisaconfusingtermbecauseitisusedtodescribemany-

differentsubstancesthataresimilarbutnotexactlythesame.Forexample,

H

thegas"youputinyourcarisgasoline,onecomponentofcrudeoilzor

petroleum.Petroleumisadark,stickyliquidmixtureofcompoundsformed

undergroundbythedecayofancientmarineanimals.

Naturalgasalsocomesfromthedecayofancientorganisms,butitnaturally

takesagaseousforminsteadofaliquidform.Naturalgascommonlyoccurs

inassociationwithcrudeoil.Itisderivedfrombothlandplantsandaquatic

(水生的)organicmatterandformsaboveorbelowoildeposits.Itisoften

dissolvedincrudeoilatthehighpressuresexistinginareservoir.There

arealsoreservoirsofnaturalgas,knownasnon-associatedgas,thatcontain

onlygasandnooil.

Naturalgasconsistsprimarilyofmethane(沼气)andotherhydrocarbon

gases.Hydrocarbonsareorganiccompoundscomposedonlyoftheelementscarbon

andhydrogen.Thehydrocarbonsinnaturalgasarecalledsaturatedhydrocarbons

(饱和烽)becausetheycontainhydrogenandcarbonboundtogetherbysingle

bonds.

Likegasoline,naturalgasiscombustible(易燃的),whichmeansitcanbeused

inacombustionenginelikegasoline.Butcarsthatcouldburnnaturalgas

didn*tappearonthesceneuntilthe1930s.

Fromfieldtoford

Weextractnaturalgastrappedinundergroundreservoirsbydrillingwells

intotheearth.Amodemwell,equippedwithdiamond-studdeddrillbits,can

drilltodepthsapproaching25,000feet.

Throughoutthe19thcentury,theuseofnaturalgasremainedlocalized

becausetherewasnowaytotransportlargequantitiesofgasoverlongdistances.

In1890ztheinventionofaleakproofpipelinecouplingmadeitpossibleto

transportgasmilesfromthesource.Improvementsinpipelinetechnology

continuedoverthenexttwodecadesuntillong-distancegastransmissionbecame

practical.From1927to1931zlaborersconstructedmorethan10majornatural

gastransmissionsystemsintheUnitedStates,makingnaturalgasaviable

energysourceformanyapplications.Theoilshortagesofthelate1960sand

early1970sbroughtrenewedinterestinnaturalgasasafuelsource,especially

forautomobiles.

Today,ownersofnatural-gasvehiclescanfilluptheircarsatoneof

1z300fuelingstationslocatedintheUnitedStates.Hondaalsooffersapersonal

naturalgaspumptopeoplewhopurchaseitsnatural-gas-poweredCivic.The

pumpusesahome1sexistingnaturalgaslinesandcanbeinstalledfor$500

to$1,500.

Natural-gasvehicledesign

Natural-gasvehiclesusethesamebasicprinciplesasgasoline-powered

vehicles.Inotherwordszthefuel(naturalgasinthiscase)ismixedwith

airinthecylinderofafour-strokeengineandthenignitedbyasparkplug

tomoveapiston(活塞)upanddown.Althoughtherearesomedifferencesbetween

naturalgasandgasolineintermsofflammabilityandignitiontemperatures,

NGVsthemselvesoperateonthesamefundamentalconceptsasgasoline-powered

vehicles.

StillzsomemodificationsarerequiredtomakeanNGVworkefficiently.

Thesechangesareprimarilyinthefuelstoragetank,theengineandthe

chassis(底盘).

Advantages

ThebiggestadvantageofNGVsisthattheyreduceenvironmentallyharmful

emissions.Natural-gasvehiclescanachieveuptoa93percentreductionin

carbonmonoxideemissionsz33percentreductioninemissionsofvariousoxides

ofnitrogenanda50percentreductioninreactivehydrocarbonswhencompared

togasolinevehicles.NGVsalsoratehigherinparticulatematter10(PM10)

emissions.PM10particlestransportanddeposittoxicmaterialsthroughthe

air.NGVsthatoperateindieselapplicationscanreducePM10emissionsby

afactorof10.

Natural-gasvehiclesalsoofferthesebenefits：

NGVsaresafer.ThefuelstoragetanksonanNGVarethickerandstronger

thangasolineordieseltanks.TherehasnotbeenanNGVfuel-tankrupture

inmorethantwoyearsintheUnitedStates.

Naturalgascostsarelowerthangasoline.Onaverage,naturalgascosts

one-thirdlessthangasolineatthepump.

Naturalgasisconvenientandabundant.-Awell-established,pipeline

infrastructureexistsintheUnitedStatestodelivernaturalgastoalmost

everyurbanareaandmostsuburbanareas.Therearemorethan1,300NGVfueling

stationsintheUnitedStates,andmorearebeingaddedeveryday.

Naturalgaspriceshaveexhibitedsignificantstabilitycomparedtooil

prices.Historically,naturalgaspriceshaveexhibitedsignificantprice

stabilitycomparedtothepricesofpetroleum-basedfuels.Thisstability

makesiteasiertoplanaccuratelyforlong-termcosts.

NGVshavelowermaintenancecosts.Becausenaturalgasburnssocleanly,

itresultsinlesswearandtearontheengineandextendsthetimebetween

tune-upsandoilchanges.

Disadvantages

OneofthebiggestcomplaintsaboutNGVsisthattheyaren11asroomyas

gasolinecars.ThisisbecauseNGVshavetogiveuppreciouscargoandtrunk

spacetoaccommodatethefuelstoragecylinders.Notonlythat,thesecylinders

canbeexpensivetodesignandbuild--acontributingfactortothehigher

overallcostsofanatural-gasvehiclecomparedtoagasoline-poweredcar.

AnotherdrawbackisthelimiteddrivingrangeofNGVszwhichistypically

abouthalfthatofagasoline-poweredvehicle.Forexample,Honda'snatural

gasCivic,theCivicGXZcangoupto220mileswithoutrefueling.Atypical

gasoline-poweredCiviccangoapproximately350mileswithoutrefueling.If

adedicatedNGVranoutoffuelontheroad,itwouldhavetobetowedto

theowner1shomeortoalocalnaturalgasrefuelingstation,whichmight

behardertofindthana"regular"gasstation.

Finally,itshouldbenotedthatnaturalgaszlikegasoline,isafossil

fuelandcannotbeconsideredarenewableresource.Whilenaturalgasreserves

intheUnitedStatesarestillconsiderable,theyarenotinexhaustible.Some

predictthatthereareenoughnaturalgasreservesremainingtolastanother

67.1years,assumingthatthe2003levelofproductioncontinues.

2、Thegasoline-poweredvehiclesareprevalentasaresultof.

A.comparativelylowpriceoffossilfuels

B.reducinglessharmfulemissions

C.difficulttaskstodesign,developandsale"green"cars

D.highfuelefficiencyandprotectingenvironment

3、Whatistheprincipalconstituentofnaturalgas?

A.Carbonandhydrogen.B.Methaneandotherhydrocarbon

gases.

C・Saturatedhydrocarbons.D.Non-associatedgas.

4、Thefirstcarthatcouldusenaturalgasaspowerinthecombustionengine

emergedinthehistorycameoutin_______.

A.the19thcenturyB.the1930s

C.thelate1960sD.theearly1970s

5、Whydidpeoplereconsidertomakenaturalgasasafuelsourceinthelate

1960sandearly1970s?

A.Becausethepriceofgasolinewashigh.

B.Becausenatural-gasvehiclesaremuchfasterthanothervehicles.

C.Becausepeoplemademuchaccountofenvironmenta1protection.

D.Becauseitwasshortofoil.

6、IntheUnitedStates,thefuelingstationsofferingforfillingnatural

gashavereachedto_______.

A.1,300瓦500C.1,500D.2,500

7、Thepistonofanatural-gasvehiclemovesupanddownbythepowerof.

A.thesparkplugB.thefour-strokeengine

C.theairinthecylinderD.theheatofnatural-gas

burning

8、Comparedtogasoline-poweredcarszthenatural-gasvehiclespossessthe

unparalleledbenefitof.

A.reductionincarbonmonoxideemissions

B.reductioninemissionsofoxidesofnitrogen

C.reductioninparticulatematter10

D.reductioninenvironmentallyharmfulemissions

9、Naturalgasburnssocleanlythattheownersofthenatural-gasvehicles

have.

10>NGVsaren*tasroomyasgasolinecarsbecausetheyhavetogiveupcargo

andtrunkspacetoaccommodate.

11>Bothnaturalgasandgasolinecannotbeconsideredrenewableresources,

becausetheyare.

PartIIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswill

bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthe

pausezyoumustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.zanddecidewhich

isthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2with

asinglelinethroughthecenter.

[2、A.Computersalesnegotiations.B.Apreliminary

interview.

C.AnInternetseminarmeeting.D.Computergames.

13>A.Hemanagedthesalesdepartment.B.Hegaveseminarson

theInternet.

C.Heworkedasacustodian.D.Hedesignedsoftware.

14>A.Awebpageauthoringprogram.B.Akindofbeverage.

C.Acomputergame.D.Akindofsoftware.

15>A.ShewillcallMr.Taylorjnthenextfewdays.B.Shewilltalk

overtheirdiscussionwithothers.

C.ShewillaskhercolleaguestocallMr.Taylor.D.Shewillnot

contacthimforfurtherconsideration.

[6、A.Shehasn*tcalledthetravelagencyyet.

B・Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip.

C.Shedoesn1tknowwhenhersemesterends.

D.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

17、A.Colin*sspeechwasmoreinterestingthananyotherspeakers,.

B.Colin1sspeechwasdullbecauseitwastoolengthyandtedious.

C.Colin*sspeechwasn11verygoodbuthewilldobetternexttime.

D.Colin1sspeechwasgoodconsideringthedifficultyofaddressing

somanyaudience.

18>A.Decideforhimselfwhatisbest.B.Communicatehiscareerhopes.

C.Stophinderinghisownprogress.D.Lookforanothercareer.

19、A.Heplanstosellthebookstoacollector.

B.Theoldbooksareworthalottocollectors.

C.Hewon*tsellthebooksuntilhehasreadthem.

D.Thebooksprobablyaren*tworthmuchintermsofmoney.

20、A.Brettwon*ttrytogetrevenge.

B.Brettwon*tbeangryanymore.

C.Brettwillnotalwaysbesobusy.

D.Brettwillhaveforgottenthewoman*swords.

21、A.Thefurnitureistooheavytomoveintotheroom.

B.Shethoughtthefurniturewouldbemoreexpensive.

C.Shedoesn*trememberhowmuchthefurniturecost.

D.Sheisstillthinkingaboutthefurnitureboughtasabargain.

22、A.Findahotelnearbyagaininafewdays.

B.Accommodatehisparentsinhisdormitory.

C.Askhisparentsnotcomeuntilhefindsaproperhotel.

D.Phoneahotelfartherfromthecampusforareservation.

23>A.Theyhavetofinishitquickly.

B.Theyhavetousewhattheyhave.

C.Theyhavetoworkhardanddotheirbest.

D.Theymustredotheprojectandhopeitimproves.

24、A.TheCPUisbroken.B.Thescreenisflashing.C.Itdoesn*t

work.D.Itdroppedtothefloor.

25、A.Thecompanywillcompensatethecustomer.B.Thecompanywill

refundthecustomer*smoney.

C.Thecompanywillreplaceit.D.Thecompanywilldo

nothingaboutit.

26、A.Exchangethecomputerforthewoman.

B.Refundthewoman*smoney.

C.Givethewomananythingshelikesinthestore.

D.Givethewomanastorecreditwithwhichshecanbuyanythinginthe

store.

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..Thenmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

27、A.Silentreadinghadnotbeendiscovered.

B.Therewerefewplacesavailableforprivatereading.

C.Fewpeoplecouldreadforthemselves.

D.Peoplereliedonreadingforentertainment.

28、A.Achangeinthestatusofeducatedpeople.

B.Achangeinthenatureofreading.

C.Anincreaseinthenumberofbooks.

D.Anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders.

29、A.Theimportanceofsilentreading.

B.Theinformationyieldedbybooksandnewspapers.

C.Theeffectsofhealthyreading.

D.Thevalueofdifferenttypesofreadingmaterials.

30^A.Explainbowpresent-dayreadinghabitsdeveloped.

B.Changepeople*sattitudestoreading.

C.Showhowreadingmethodshavebeenimproved.

D.Encouragethegrowthofreading.

31、A.Theurgentneedforadiverseworkforce.B.Thegrowingnecessity

ofstafftraining.

C.Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.D.Theacceleratedpace

ofglobalization.

32、A.Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.

B.Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.

C.Participateininternationalexchangeprograms.

D.Sharetheexperienceofpeoplefromothercultures.

33、A.Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.B.Reflectivethinkingis

becomingcritical.

C.Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised.D.Knowingaforeign

languageisessential.

34、A.Byitsthicklayeroffatunderitsskin.B.Bymovingfrequentlyin

thewater.

C.Byadjustingitsbloodtemperature.D.Bytakinginhotair.

35、A.Growscolderastheblubberaccumulates.

B.Remainsthesame.

C.Variesaccordingtothewatertemperature.

D.Growswarmerasthewhalegrowsolder.

36、A.Theyhaveveryfewhairsontheirbodies.

B.Theybeartheiryoungratherthanlayingeggs.

C.Theirlungsarefullofhotairandwater.

D.Theycanwalkontheirhindlegsonland.

SectionC

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassage

isreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.

Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillin

theblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.

Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave

justheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,when

thepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Americansareahighly37people.Whatfactorscausethemtomove?The

desireforeconomicbettermentis38themostimportantforceinducing

migration.

Thusthe39anddirectionofmigrationareusuallydetermined

by40differencein41factorszas42bysuchonesasdifferencesin

employment43anddifferencesinthe44andthepriceoflandforfarmers.

Hereisacaseshowingclearlythetrendofmigrationinthecountry.When

NewEnglandwasdecliningintextileindustry,thereweremanypeoplemoving

outofit.WhenCaliforniahasthephenomenalgrowthofelectronicindustry,

thereisalargescaleofin-migrationtothestate.However,45.

Since1970,therehasappearedanewtrendofmigrationinAmerica.More

Americansmigratedfromcitiestosuburbs.Thereareseveralfactorsforthis

phenomenon.Theconstructionofexpresshighwaysmadeitpossibleforpeople

tolivefartherawayfromtheirjobs.46.Besidestheseeconomicand

technologicalchanges,importantsocialfactorswereinvolved.Suburbanareas

offeredmorelivingspacethancitiesandlesspollution.Manymiddle-income

familiesnowliveinthesuburbs.47.Despitethenewtrendinmigration,

about70percentofAmericanpopulationarestilllivinginmetropolitanareas.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

SectionA

Directions：Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincomplete

statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcomplete

thestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsonAnswerSheet2.

TheeconomicdownsizingoftheUnitedStatespresentsagoodopportunityto

addressthedownsizingoftheaverageAmerican,saydoctorsinaneditorial

publishedtodayintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.Theyargue

thattheObamaadministration1seconomicstimulusplan,nowbeingdebated

intheSenate,shouldincludeinvestmentsininfrastructuretodecreaseobesity.

Theideaisthatimprovementsinpublichealthwoulddecrease

obesity-relatedhealthandeconomiccosts(estimatedat$100billionperyear)

andwouldpositionAmericanstobecomemoreeconomicallycompetitivezsay

theauthorsofthepaper,Dr.DavidLudwig,ofChildren*sHospitalBoston,

andHaroldPollack,oftheUniversityofChicago1sCenterforHealth

AdministrationStudies.Intheabsenceofsuchaction,theysay,obesityand

publichealtharelikelytoworsen.

nTheeconomicdownturncanbeexpectedtoreducenutritionqualityand

physicalactivity,worseningobesityprevalencewhensocietyisleastable

tobeartheescalatingfinancialburden,Htheywrote.

Intimesofeconomicstress,consumerstendtoeatlesscostly,

high-calorieproducts,theysay.Membershipingyms,fitnessclassesandsports

leaguesdeclines.Someschoolsmayevencutphysicaleducationtime.The

economicstimulusplan,however,couldcreatejobsandinvestinthenation1s

healththroughsuchprojectsasbuildingschoolkitchenstocooknutritious

food；buildingsidewalkszbikepathszparkszsportsfacilitiesandcommunity

healthcenters；andchanginggovernmentpoliciestorevitalizefarming.

Today1sLosAngelesTimesstoryonthestimulusplandeba