版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
AmericanEducation15-财政2班魏瑶2021/5/91TheUnitedStatesisverystrongineducationandshouldershugetaskofeducation.TodiscusseducationintheUnitedStatesisaverycomplicatedproblem,becauseitisamulticulturalcountry.Americaneducationisalsodiversereflectingontheeducation,thereisnounifiednationaleducationsystemintheUnitedStatesandfiftystateshave50differenteducationsystem.ThereisnodoubtthatmangpeoplepaymuchattentiontothesystemofAmericaneducation.ThemajordifferenceineducationsystembetweenAmericanandmostothercountriesisthattheeducationoftheUnitedStatesisforeveryoneinsociety,notonlyforafewpeople.Americaneducationalsystemcanbebestunderstoodasakindofsocialinstitutionsthatreflectthebasicbeliefsandfundamentalprinciplesofthenation,ratherthansimplyakindofskill-trainingplaceswherestudentsarepreparedtogetajob.[1]Allinall,thesystemofAmericaneducationhasitsownspecialfeaturesandattractalotofcountries’attention.2021/5/92TheHistoryofAmericaneducation2021/5/93Asoneofthebasiccontentsofsociallife,educationhasacloserelationshipwithonenation’sgrowth.ThereweremanypeoplegraduatedfromOxfordCollegeandCambridgeCollegebetweenthefirstEnglishsettlerstoAmericainthecolonialeraof17thcentury.Itisestimatedthatthereisacollegestudentoutofevery40to50families.Thisimmigrationofhighereducationbackgroundmadethemattachgreatimportancetoeducation.AndtheearlyimmigrantsfromEnglandneededakindofculturetohelpthemunderstandTheBiblebythemselvesbecauseoftheirdevotiontoreligion.ThesetwofactorsmadetheeducationofAmericastart.2021/5/94
TheGoalsandPurposesofEducation2021/5/95
Historically,thechiefaimofeducationinearlytimeswasliteracyinorderthatpeoplemightbeabletoreadandwritetheBibleandlaws.Whentherepublicwasfounded,literacywasstillaprimaryobjective,butforthenewpurposeoffulfillingtheobligationsofcitizenshipinthenewcountry.Underthenewsystem,eachindividualcitizenwasobligatedtovoteaccordingtohisownopinionsandconscience,andtotakepartinthediscussionanddecisionmakingatlocal,state,andnationallevels.Asthenationgrewinpopulationandinterritory,asitseconomyexpanded,andparticularlyastheindustrialrevolutionchangedthecomplexityoflifeandcitizenship,educationgrewinimportanceanditsgoalsandpurposesbecamemorediverseandcomprehensive.IftheobjectivesofeducationinAmericaweretobereducedtoasinglesentence,itmightbesummarizedasfollows:tofacilitatethedevelopmentofeachindividualtothemaximumextentofhisorhercapabilityforhisorherownbenefitandthatofsociety.2021/5/96
TheStructureofSchoolSystem2021/5/97
TheAmericaneducationofalltypesandatalllevelsjoineachotherinstructureandcommunicatewitheachotherupanddown.Atanyrate,fromelementaryschoolthroughcollege,Americansholdthebeliefthateveryonedeservesafairandequalopportunitytogetagoodeducation,andthatpartoftheresponsibilityofthegovernmentistomakesurethatsuchanopportunityisnotdeniedtoanyoneofthem.[4]Oneofthestrikingfeatures,differAmericaneducationsystemfromotherEuropeancountries’educationsystem,callamonorailsystem.Itformedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcanbespecificallydividedintothebottom-upstructure:primaryschool,secondaryschool,andthenuniversity."Rail"isthenumberofclassinonegrade.ThecurrentschoolsystemofAmericaeducationalsoreflectsthefeatureofthecombinationofunityanddiversity.Duetoathoroughsystemofdecentralizationineducation,Americahasnounifiednationaleducationalsystem.ThecurrentsystemofAmericaeducationisbasicallyfallenintofollowingparts:elementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationfor12years,4yearsofhighereducation,andgraduateschool,thetotalcourseof20yearsorso.TherearemanydifferentkindsofpreschooleducationinstitutionsinAmerica.Nomatterpublicorprivate,itcanberoughlydividedintonurseryschool(forchildrenaged3~5)andthekindergarten(recruitchildrenaged4~6);Elementaryeducationisdistributedintopubliceducationandprivateeducation,whichpaysattentiontodevelopthepotentialofchildren;Therearemainlyfouryears,sixyearstoconstructandthreekindsofthree-thirdssysteminsecondaryschoolinAmerica.Itsmainpartisthecomprehensiveschoolanditsminorpartarethegeneraleducationandvocationalandtechnicaleducation.Besides,therearealsoseparatesecondaryschools,vocationalandtechnicalschools,saysmiddleschoolandotherhighschool;ThelessonsofhighereducationcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericaaredividedintofourcategories:atwo-yearcollege(communitycollege)(tertiary),liberalartscollege(four-yearcollege),universitiesand.Professionalschools.2021/5/98
TheEducationManagement2021/5/99
Americaneducationmanagementimplementsthehighdegreeofdecentralization.InAmerica,theeducationmanagementistheresponsibilityofthestateorlocalgovernment,ratherthanthefederalgovernment.Asearlyasin1791,the10thamendmentoftheconstitutionofAmericahasbeendefined,thefederalgovernmentdoesnothavethepermissiontomanageeducationandeducationischargedbythestates.ThepowersoftheministryofeducationinAmericanfederalgovernmentareverylimited,whosemainresponsibilityistodistributeeducationgrantstothestatesaccordingtotheintentionsofcongress,aswellasofferscholarshipstoAmericandomesticstudents.ThestatesofAmericaareequippedwiththeeducationministerwhoareinchargeofdrawingupthestate'seducationpolicyandleadthesubordinateorganizationstoimplementthesepolicies.Whileaccordingtothestatelaw,allstatesmostlygivethemanagementrightofpublicschooltothelocalschooldistricts,inadditiontosetupthestateboardofeducationandmakethebasicpolicyofeducation’sdevelopment.Therefore,themanagementrightofelementaryeducationandsecondaryeducationactuallybelongstothelocalschooldistrictsandthelocalpublicschoolmanagementsysteminwhichtheschooldistrictplaystheleadingrolehabeenestablished.[6]Americanuniversitiesallhavetheirowncharacteristicsandtheyaredifferentfromtheteachingguidelines,professionalSettings,testprojecttosmallprobl2021/5/9102021/5/911
2021/5/912TheeducationmethodsofWesterncountriesareclosetonatureandmoreclosertothesociety.InChina,thepurposeofeducationistopassschoolexamsandhaveathoroughunderstandingofknowledgewhilethewesternstudentspaymoreattentiontoabilityofpracticeandexercise.ThestudyofAmericanstudentsismainlytoexploreanddevelopstudents'innovativethinking.TheadvantageofAmericaneducationistopaymoreattentiontothestudents'abilityofindependentthinking,theirwayofthinkingtotheproblemandcultivatestudents'abilityofdialecticalthinking.Thiscanpreparewellforenteringthesocietywhichattachesimportancetotheinnovativethinking.Itseducationgoalisadaptedtotherequirementsofcreatingasocietywithtalentintensive.ThereisnodoubtthattheeducationsystemofChinaandAmericaisdifferent.Thedifferencesareasfollows:Firstly,theteachinggoalofthesetwocountries’elementaryeducationisdifferent.China'sprimaryeducationwilldevelopchildren’sintelligenceandthechildrentakeshighmarksasaprimarygoal,whileinAmerica,itsonlypurposeistocultivatechildren’screativity;Secondly,theattitudestowardsperformancearedifferent.ForChinesechildren,abadreportcardwillmakehimorherreceivepressurefromallsides.However,theyear-endreportcardsofstudentsinAmericaaretheirownprivategoods.Parentsalsowon'tgivetoomuchpressuretotheirchildrenandabilitiesintheirheartaremoreimportantthanscores;Lastly,therearedifferencesbetweenthetwocountriesinknowledgeview.China'seducationpaysattentiontotheaccumulationofknowledge,cultivatethestudents'respectforknowledgeandauthority,theinheritanceofknowledgeandtheconstructionofknowledgesystem.America’seducationattachesmuchimportancetotrainstudents'practicaluseofknowledge,theircriticalspirittotheknowledgeandauthorityandtheexpansionandcreationofknowledge.Thesetwodifferentwaysofeducationexpresstheirdifferentattitudetowardsknowledge.2021/5/913universityinAmerica2021/5/914HarvardCollegewasfoundedasearlyas1636,onlyfifteenyearsafterthePilgrimFathershadlandedintheNewWorld.WilliamMaryuniversitywasbuiltin1639andYaleuniversitywasestablishedin1701.Before1776whenAmericadeclaredindependencefromGrea
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 物流工程(第5版)习题答案 伊俊敏
- 二年级信息技术上册 第六课 综合实践 第二课时教案 泰山版
- 七年级生物上册 第三单元 第3章 绿色植物参与生物圈的水循环教案 (新版)新人教版
- 九年级化学上册 第四单元 自然界的水 4.1 爱护水资源教案4 新人教版
- 八年级地理上册 第一章 第一节 中国的疆域教案 湘教版
- 高中数学 9.2 独立性检验(2)教学设计 苏教版选择性必修第二册
- 农户树木出售合同模板
- 美团站合同模板
- 收购干货蔬菜合同模板
- 签订劳务服务合同模板
- 2023年药学考试-临床药学(正高)历年考试真题试卷摘选答案
- 消防管道支吊架计算表
- 新闻传播原则
- 改进维持性血液透析患者贫血状况PDCA
- 工艺管道安装工程质量检验、试验计划
- 脊柱外科进修汇报
- 养老护理员四级理论知识考核要素细目表
- 通信工程评标专家继续教育试卷整理(汇总)
- 预防艾滋病梅毒、乙肝各种制
- 一年级美术上册 剪剪撕撕贴贴画画 教学课件
- IATF16949内审检查表(全套)
评论
0/150
提交评论