英语（新高考IIB卷）2023年高考第二次模拟考试卷（考试版）

绝密★启用前|2023年高考英语第二次模拟考试卷高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：答卷前，考试务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分）第一节（共）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Wherehavethespeakersprobablyjustbeen?A．Ataclassparty. B．Atagrocerystore. C．Inafurniturestore.2．Whatwillthemando?A．Listentotheradio. B．Lookafterthebaby. C．Dosomeexercise.3．Howdidthechildrenhelpthewoman?A．Bycarryingherluggage.B．Byfindingtheapartment.C．Bybuyingsomethingforher.4．Whoishavingaholidayabroad?A．David. B．Mike. C．John.5．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inarestaurant. B．Inabank. C．Atanairport.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatisthemandoing?A．Generatingpower. B．Creatingnewdishes. C．Decoratingthehouse.7．Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’salternative?A．Interested. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive.听第7段材料，回到第8-10题。8．Whatcoloristheman’sshirtnow?A．Brightred. B．Lightpink. C．Brightpink.9．Howdidthemanwashhisshirt?A．Hehaditdry-cleaned.B．Hewasheditbyhand.C．Hewasheditinawashingmachine.10．Whatwillthemanprobablydointheend?A．Keephisshirt. B．Returnhisshirt. C．Changehisshirt.听第8段材料，回答第11-13题。11．Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A．Togetsomedirectionstoheroffice.B．Toconfirmthemeetingplace.C．Toaskhertopickhimup.12．Howmuchdoesitcostthemanbytaxi?A．About$5. B．About$20. C．About$30.13．Whattimewillthespeakershaveameeting?A．At2:30. B．At3:00. C．At3:30.听第9段材料，回到第14-17题。14．Whatisthewomanreading?A．TheSilkRoad.B．TheTravelsofMarcoPolo.C．TheJourneyofVenice.15．WhendidMarcoPololeaveItaly?A．In1271. B．In1275. C．In1295.16．HowlongdidMarcoPololiveinChina?A．For4years. B．For17years. C．For24years.17．HowwasthejourneyofMarcoPologoinghome?A．Dangerous. B．Comfortable. C．Easy.听第10段材料，回到第18-20题。18．Forthelocalfamilyinneedofhelp,whatdidtheyget?A．Giftsfrommanypeople.B．Donationsfromalocalnewspaper.C．Asumofmoney.D．Freeeducation.19．Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldtheschooldo?A．Letstudentsinbeforeschool.B．Introduceabankintothecampus.C．Officeice-creamandcoffee.D．Reducethetrafficjamsaround.20．WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofthetownofTibberton?A．Itlackspositivenews.B．Itremainspeacefulandquiet.C．Itshouldgrowinabigcity.D．Itisaplaceworthlivingin.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASmithsonianAssociatesProgramsStreaminginSeptemberSmithsonianAssociatesStreamingcontinuesthroughSeptemberwithdifferentprogramsproducedbytheworld’slargestmuseum-basededucationalprogram.Wednesday,September1HowdidAmericatransformfromacountrythatreliedonarelativelyhealthyandnutritiousfoodsystemtooneinwhichthedailydietisfilledwithfat,sugarandultra-processedunhealthyfoods?HistorianAllenPietrobonstudiesthechangesinAmericancuisinesincetheendofWWII,highlightingafewkeyeventsthatcompletelychangedhowandwhatAmericanseat.Time:9a.m.Price:$20-$25Thursday,September9TheNationalArchaeologyMuseumisoneofthemostimpressiveexhibitionsoftreasuresfromPompeii,Herculaneumandtheirsistertowns.JoinarthistorianandtourguideLauraR.WeinsteinlivefromRomeasshehighlightssomeofthemostfascinatingcollectionsofthisculturalgem(瑰宝)inNaples.Time:12p.m.Price:$20-$25Tuesday,September14Overthecenturies,NotreDameCathedralhassurvivedcountlessthreatstoitssurvival,becomingasymbolofthehistoricalandculturalheritageofParisandallofFrance.ArthistorianJudyScottFeldmansurveysthecathedral’shistoryandtheongoingrestorationandhistoricpreservationeffortstoreturnthecathedraltoitsconditionbeforethedisastrousfireinApril,2019.Time:12p.m.Price:$20-$25Monday,September20JoingeologistKirtKempterforanexplorationofthesplendidsceneryandgeologyofthenorthernRockyMountains.FromtheLakeLouisenearBanfftothemagicviewsalongGoing-to-theSunRoadatGlacier,adeepgeologichistorycreatedtheseimpressivelandscapes,whicharenowappointedasWorldHeritageSites.Time:7p.m.Price:$25-$3021．WhocanhelpyouifyouareinterestedinAmericandiet?A．AllenPietrobon. B．LauraR.Weinstein.C．JudyScottFeldman. D．KirtKempter.22．Whencanyoulearnhowadestroyedarchitectureisbeingrepaired?A．OnSeptember1. B．OnSeptember9.C．OnSeptember14. D．OnSeptember20.23．Whatcanyoudobyjoiningaprogramat7p.m.?A．Learnthehistoryofancientbuildings.B．Takeatriptoabeautifulgeologicpark.C．Enjoyageologictourofageographicalsite.D．Attendanimpressiveexhibitioninamuseum.BEuropeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.Theprocesscouldprovideamajorsourceofoxygenforhumanstakingpartinmoonexplorationactivitiesinthefuture.ResearchersfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency,orESA,carriedouttheexperimentsatalaboratoryintheNetherlands.TheteamsaysESA’sexperimental“plant”wasabletosuccessfullyproduceoxygenfromsimulatedmoondust.Thedustispartofamaterialknownasregolith,atoplayerofdirtandrockpiecesthatsitonthesurfaceofthemoon.Samplesofregolithreturnedfromthemoonhaveconfirmedthatthematerialcontainsabout45percentoxygenbyweight.However,theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofmineralsorglass,soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.Havingrealsamplesofregolithfromthemoonmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstocreatethesimulatedmoondustmaterialusedduringtesting.Theoxygenextractionprocessiscarriedoutusingamethodcalledmoltensaltelectrolysis(熔盐电解).Thisincludesfirstplacingtheregolithinametalcontainer.Calciumchloridesaltisaddedtothemixture,whichisthenheatedto950degreesCelsius.Atthistemperature,theregolithremainssolid.Next,anelectricalcurrentispassedthroughthematerial.Theresearcherssayitisthisstepthatresultsinoxygenbeingextractedfromtheregolith.Thestudyreportedthatupto96percentofoxygeninthesimulatedmoondustwasextractedduringtheexperiments.ESA’slong-termgoalistodesignanoxygen-producing“pilotplant”tooperatefull-timeonthemoon.Thefirsttechnologydemonstrationofthesystemisexpectedtotakeplaceinthemiddle2020s.BethLomax,aleadresearcherontheproject,said,“Beingabletoacquireoxygenfromresourcesfoundonthemoonwouldobviouslybehugelyusefulforfuturelunarsettlers,bothforbreathingandthelocalproductionofrocketfuel.”Theresearchersreportedthat“asabonus”,theprocessalsoresultsintheproductionofusablemetallicmaterials.ESAandtheUSspaceagencyNASAarebothworkingonplanstoreturnhumanbeingstothemoon.NASAhassetagoalfor2024withtheaimtokeephumansonthemoonforlongperiods.24．Whyisoxygenfrommoondustdifficulttouse?A．Itistoughforhumanbeingstogetthem.B．Itischemicallyfixedinmaterialsorglass.C．Thereexitsonlyalittleofitonthemoon’ssurface.D．Theconditionsofmoondustareworsethanexpected.25．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．Whatmoltensaltelectrolysisis.B．Wherethevalueofthestudylies.C．Howoxygenisextractedfrommoondust.D．Whatisnecessaryintheoxygenextractionprocess.26．WhatisBethLomax’sattitudetowardsthepossibilityofgettingoxygenfrommoondust?A．Optimistic. B．Skeptical. C．Cautious. D．Concerned.27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RecentStudiesofMoonDustbyResearchersB．HowResearchersExtractedOxygenfromMoonDustC．PotentialSignificanceofOxygenExtractedfromMoonDustD．ResearchersReportExtractingOxygenfromMoonDustSuccessfullyCHowmanyfriendsdoyouhave?NotcountingthehundredsonFacebookorthenamesgatheringdustinyouraddressbook.Butrealfriends,theonescastinstone.Thekindwhowouldlendyou$100withoutaskingwhy,oraccommodateyouifyouwerekickedoutofyourhouse.AnthropologistProfRobinDunbarfeelshecanputanumberonit:five.Nomatterhowmuchofasocialbutterflyyouare,youcancountyourrealpalsononehand,hesays.Tothathesaysyoucanaddanidealnumberof15“goodfriends”,thekindofpeopleyouwouldseeinagroupandwouldjoinforadrinkifyoubumpedintotheminthepub,andupto150“meaningfulcontacts”.ProfDunbar’slatestresearchisanexactformula(公式)forfriendship:newfriendshipstake34hoursofone-on-onetimetoform,inwhichyou’dspendanidealdurationofthreehoursandfourminutesperinteractiontogetheroverthecourseofsixmonths.Notethatthisistoturnanacquaintanceintoafriend,notoneoftheclosefriendsthatmakesupyourinnercircleoffive—todothat,you’dhavetodevote90hours,accordingtoa2018UniversityofKansasstudy.Accordingtotheexperts,thepandemicyearshavechangedthenumberandnatureofourfriendship.Itgavepeoplemoregroundsfordisagreement:overadherence(遵守)tosocial-distancingrules,forexample.Plentyofpeoplelostrelationshipsinthecracks.“Wearealwaysontheoutlookfornewandbetterfriends,butlockdownhashadabigeffectinmakingpeoplereevaluate,”saysDunbar.“Perhapsthey’vedecidedthetimehascometopartwithsomeandthereforethere’sanemptyspacetofill.”TheforecastforBritishfriendshipwasalreadygloomybeforethepandemic.Threemillionpeoplesaidtheyfeellonely“oftenoralways”,accordingtotheGovernment’s2019communitylifesurvey.ButtheaverageBritishadultlostfourfriendsoverthecourseofthepandemic,accordingtothepoll.28．Whoarerealfriends?A．Thosewhowekeepincontact. B．Thosewhoareinterestedinstones.C．theonewhoisextremelygenerous. D．Friendsonsocialnetworks.29．Howlongdoesittaketoformclosefriendshipsaccordingtotheformula?A．34hoursofone-on-onetime.B．90hoursofinteraction.C．Sixmonthsofone-on-onetime.D．Threehoursandfourminutesofinteraction.30．WhichofthefollowingmightProfDunbaragreewith?A．Thereisalimittothenumberofrealfriendsinyourlife.B．It’smucheasierforpeopletomakefriendsonline.C．Themorefriendsyoumake,thehappieryourlifewillbe.D．Themoresociableyouare,themorerealfriendsyoucanmake.31．Whatmightpeopleargueaboutduringthepandemic?A．Whethertopartwithsomeoldfriends.B．Howtotacklelonelinessduringthepandemic.C．Whethertoobeysocialdistancing.D．Howtomakebetterfriends.DMasksthathelpedtosavelivesareprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife,withbirdsandseacreaturestrappedintheshockingnumberofthrown-awayfacialcoverings.Single-usemaskshavebeenfoundaroundpavements,waterwaysandbeachesworldwide.Wornonce,thethinprotectivematerialscantakehundredsofyearstodecompose.“Facemasksaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon—butwhenwethrowthemaway,theseitemscanharmtheenvironmentandtheanimals,”AshleyFrunoofanimalrightsgroupPETAsaid.InBritain,agullwasrescuedbytheRSPCAafteritslegsbecametangledinthestraps(带子)ofamaskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitytookittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbeforeitsrelease.Thebiggesteffectmaybeinthewater.Morethan1.5billionmasksmadetheirwayintotheworld’soceanslastyear,accountingforaround6200extratonnesofoceanplasticpollution,accordingtoenvironmentalgroupOceansAsia.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundonemaskinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbodywaswasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotherofthecoastofMiami.FrenchcampaignersfoundadeadcrabtrappedinamaskneartheMediterranean.Masksandglovesare“particularlyproblematic”forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromNGOOceanConservancy.“Whenthoseplasticsbreakdownintheenvironment,theythenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems,”headded.Therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasksasthepandemic(疫情)haswornon,butmanyarestillusingthelightersingle-usevarieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeopletobinthemproperlyandcutthestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decompose”mean?A．Breakdown. B．Burndown. C．Turndown. D．Falldown.33．WhatcanwelearnfromGeorgeLeonard’swords?A．Theenvironmentalgroupsavesmanyanimals.B．Seawildlifeisfondoffeedingonfacemasks.C．Measuresshouldbetakentoprotectseawildlife.D．Masksthrownaroundwillfinallyharmhumans.34．Howisparagraph4developed?A．Byanalysingcauses.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingexplanations.D．Bymakingcomparisons.35．Accordingtotheauthor,howmightthemaskproblemsbesolved?A．Bywashingthereusableclothmasksmorefrequently.B．Bystoppingthepublicfromusingthesingle-usemasks.C．Byencouragingtheuseofreusablemasksandincreasingfines.D．Bycuttingthestrapsofthemasksandreusingthemproperly.第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WeallwishforthearrivalofSunday.____36____Thehardworkofabusyweekissoothed(抚慰)byagoodsleepthatlasts,inmostcases,tilltheSundayafternoon.Butafterthat,toomuchsleepcanmaketherestofthedaygenerallyendinlazingonthesofa,withoutdoinganything.Therefore,toreallyrelaxonaSunday,theanswerdoesn’t

lieinsleep,butindoingthingsthatmakeyoufeelcomfortable.MostoftenwegetsolostinworkthatwhenSundaycomes,wereallydon’tknowwhattodowiththefreetwenty-fourhourswe’vegot.____37____Luckily,therearemanythingsyoucandotoenjoyyourSunday.____38____Anearlymorningwalkorjogwouldeaseyourtirednesscausedbythedailyschedule.Afterthemorningwalkorjog,you’llhavemoreenergytofacetheday.Youmusthaveboughtalotofbooksonyourlastvisittothebookstore,butlackoftimemusthavepreventedyoufromreading.SpendtheSundayafternoonreadinganybookthatinterestsyou.____39____.Withlifebeingfilledwithtoomuchwork,findingfreetimeduringtheworkingdaysissurelyastruggle.____40____Insuchacase,Sundayisthebestdaytorollupyoursleeves,andgettoworkonthehouse.Cleanthehouse,washtheclothesormendanythingthatisbroken.Inshort,makingthehousecleanandtidyisagoodideaofspendingSundays.A．Bythetimewedecidetodoanything,thedaygetsover.B．Everyonecansafelyhopetorelaxandsimplydoastheypleasethisday.C．AllthehopeofjoyandenjoymentrestsonSaturdays.D．Inthisway,you’llnotonlyhavespentaconstructivetime,butalsoexerciseyourbrain.E．Considerusingthisdaytotakecareofyourplantsandflowers.F．IfyouwanttoenjoySunday,thenyou’dbetterwakeupearlyandgoforawalkorajog.G．What’smore,it’snaturalthatyourhousegetsdustyandmessy.第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Twoweeksearlier,myhusband,Russ,hadgottenanearly-morningcalltellingustomovetoasaferplaceimmediately.ThewildfiretearingthroughNorthernCaliforniahadspreadand___41___ourway.We’djumpedinthecarwithourcatsandafewbelongings.Fordays,we’d___42___fromhoteltohotel,desperatefornews.Whatfinallycamewasn’t___43___.Ourhousehadbeenrightinthefire’spath.Nowwe’dbeengiven___44___toreturn.Iwasn’tpreparedforwhatawaitedus.Ourhousewasnothingbut___45___.Photosandmypreciouscollectionofinspirationalbooks—allgone,Iwipedawaytearsaswedugthroughtheash(灰)anddebris(残骸).Howwillwe___46___this?Howwillwegoon?Itfeltasifourliveshadbeen___47___.Russ___48___whatwe’dfoundintothecar.“Let’sgo,”hesaid.Iturnedtogetinthecar.That’swhenInoticedsomethingstucktomyshoe.Apieceofpaper,dirtywith___49___.Ipickeditup.Itsedgeswere____50____,yetthewordsweresurprisingly____51____:“Iflifeseemsdifficult,Ipauseand____52____theblessingsometimeshiddenwithineverycircumstance.Withnew____53____Ibeginagain.”Wordsthatmusthavecomefromoneofmybooks,apassageIcouldn’t____54____butnowsaideverythingIneededto____55____.Wordsthatrosefromtheashes.Iframedthatscrapofpaper.Itnowsitsinaplaceofhonorinournewhome,areminderthatwecanbeginagain.41．A．cleared B．headed C．prevented D．pointed42．A．begged B．lived C．asked D．moved43．A．good B．true C．bad D．false44．A．encouragement B．reward C．advice D．permission45．A．ruins B．flames C．dangers D．flowers46．A．refuse B．clean C．survive D．remember47．A．saved B．destroyed C．decorated D．enriched48．A．counted B．hid C．discovered D．put49．A．ashes B．water C．fire D．spot50．A．watered B．cleaned C．smoked D．folded51．A．pleasant B．sincere C．clear D．simple52．A．reflecton B．carryon C．puton D．cheeron53．A．success B．burden C．information D．courage54．A．analyze B．understand C．recall D．recite55．A．judge B．hear C．forget D．ignore第二节：（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。TuYouyou,_____56_____committedandpatientscientist,_____57_____(work)attheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,shewaschosenbythegovernment______58______(join)ateamofscientistswiththeaimofdiscoveringanew_____59_____(treat)formalaria.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,and_____60_____(evaluate)280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380ancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefight_____61_____malaria.Afteralotof_____62_____(fail),in1971,TuYouyouandherteammemberssucceededbyusingalowertemperaturetodraw_____63_____theextract._____64_____hearingthatshehadbeen_____65_____(award)theNoblePrize,shesaidthehonorbelongstotheteam.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）你校英语网站正在开展以“OnlineSafety”为题的讨论。请你写一篇短文发表在该网站上，内容包括：1.你对网络安全的认识；2.在网上保持安全的建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。OnlineSafety________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Beforeboardingtheplane,wehadhadallschedualed.However,ondiscoveringourfamilyoffivecouldn’tsittogetheronourflighthome,myhusbandandIwentbackandforth,tryingoutdifferentcombinations.Whowouldsitwhereinthetwo-up-front,three-in-the-backseatingwe’dbeengiven?Weconsideredhowwewouldboard,carryinga3-year-oldsonandfivepiecesofhandluggagewithus,andtakingcareofouroldersonanddaughter.Finally,wedecided:myhusband,upfrontwithourolderson;ourdaughter,youngersonandmeintheback—threeseatsinrow29.Wewerethelasttoboard.OuryoungersonwasmentallydisabledbecauseofDown’ssyndrome(唐氏综合征).Thankfully,he