2022年全球风力报告英GWEC2022158

企业研究报告3GLOBAL

WIND

ENERGY

COUNCILGWEC|GLOBAL

WIND

REPORT

2022GWEC.NETAssociateSponsorsSupportingSponsorLeadingSponsor1ForewordsExecutive

summaryWind

energy:

The

next

era

of

growthPart

One:

System

DesignPart

Two:

SocietyPart

Three:

Supply

ChainPart

Four:

System

TechnologyPart

Five:

InfrastructurePart

Six:

WorkforceMarket

status

2021Markets

to

Watch

Vietnam

The

Philippines

China

India

Brazil

Colombia

South

Africa

Egypt

Exploring

New

Markets:

Onshore

Wind

Exploring

New

Markets:

Offshore

Wind

2

7

15

21

43

57

67

79

89101

113

114

117

119

124127129

131134137138Market

outlook

2022-2026AppendixMethodology

and

terminologyGlobal

Leaders139147148152Table

of

ContentsLead

AuthorsJoyce

Lee,

Feng

ZhaoContributors

and

editing

byBen

Backwell,

Emerson

Clarke,

RebeccaWilliams,Wanliang

Liang,Anjali

Lathigara,

Esther

Fang,

ReshmiLadwa,

Marcela

Ruas,Wangari

Muchiri,

Ramón

Fiestas,Liming

Qiao,

Mark

Hutchinson,ThangVinh

Bui,Lisias

AbreuValuable

review

and

commentaryfor

this

report

was

received

from:•DanWetzel

(IEA)•Dolf

Gielen,

Roland

Roesch,

Michael

Renner,

Celia

García-Baños

(IRENA)•Nils

Askær-Hune,

Emil

Damgaard

Grann

(Ørsted)•Jon

Lezamiz,

Song

Cheng,

Carolina

Clemente,

Fergus

Costello,Aidan

Cronin

(Siemens

Gamesa

Renewable

Energy)Published4

April

2022Designlemonboxwww.lemonbox.co.ukGLOBAL

WIND

ENERGY

COUNCILGlobal

Wind

Energy

CouncilRue

de

Commerce

311000

Brussels,

Belgiuminfo@GWEC

|

GLOBAL

WIND

REPORT

2022研究报告撰写规范A

课题研究进入结题阶段，撰写研究报告成为最重要的工作。写作研究报告，除了课题研究与实验要有充分的基础以外，首先要确定研究报告的文体类型。课题研究报告属于教育科研应用文体。这类文体包括学术论文、调查报告、实验报告、经验总结报告等等。如果课题是对某种教育现象进行的调查，就应写作调查报货：如果课题为实验研究，就应写作实验研究报告：如果既有理论研究又有实验内容的，研究报告就要二者兼顾。我市“十一五”立项课题，大都属于实验研究报告，也有部分是调查报告的，少部分是理论与实验研究都有的，很少有单纯进行理论研究的。2More

than

ever

action

cannot

bedelayed

if

we

want

to

deliver

thenecessary

wind

capacity

to

reachclimate

objectives

on

time.As

wasmade

clear

at

the

GlasgowClimate

Summit,

there

is

broadconsensus

on

the

urgency

ofpromoting

rapid

and

effectivedecarbonization.

Electrificationwith

renewables

should

act

as

alever

for

global

change

as

the

mostcost-efficient

way

to

decarbonisethe

economy.The

latest

geopolitical

events

haveput

a

spotlight

on

the

urgent

needto

reinforce

security

of

supply,reduce

energy

dependency

andshield

against

market

disruptionscaused

by

high

prices.Again,

thiscan

only

be

achieved

with

amassive

deployment

ofrenewables.There

is

a

clear

understanding

onthe

role

of

wind

in

the

race

to

reachthe

Paris

Agreement

goal

of

1.5°Cglobal

warming.

GWEC

is

playingan

important

role

in

supporting

thedevelopment

of

the

wind

industryaround

the

world,

and

this

reportshows

we

are

moving

in

the

rightdirection,

but

there

is

still

a

way

togo

to

reach

the

path

of

zero-carbon.I

firmly

believe

that

the

transition

toa

carbon-neutral

economy

by

2050is

technologically

possible,economically

feasible

and

sociallynecessary.The

decarbonisation

ofthe

economy

is

a

tremendousopportunity

to

create

wealth,generate

employment

and

improveboth

the

condition

of

the

planetand

people’s

health.As

is

already

well

known

at

thispoint,

wind

is

a

key

and

strategicpart

of

the

mix

to

achieve

a

greenfor

the

industry,

but

we

need

tokeep

moving

at

pace.The

newreport

of

the

UN’sIntergovernmental

Panel

onClimate

Change

(IPCC)

stated

thatthe

Earth

is

already

1.1°C

warmerthan

before

industrialisation.

Ourresponse

to

this

is

still

not

enough;we

need

to

push

harder

to

achievethe

goals

on

time.We

have

always

believed

stronglyin

wind

and

committed

to

leadingthis

part

of

the

energy

transition.Two

decades

ago,

we

were

apioneer

in

onshore

wind

energy.We

have

invested

€120

billion

inthe

energy

transition

since

then,and

now

we

are

also

pioneers

inoffshore

wind.

During

2021,offshore

wind

energy

hasestablished

itself

as

one

of

ourcompany’s

major

growth

drivers.The

wind

industry

is

doing

its

part,ready

and

committed

to

step

up,roadblock

hindering

our

progress.Policy

barriers

must

be

lifted.Overcoming

permittingbottlenecks

should

be

a

priority

byall

countries

and

policymakers.A

massive

deployment

ofrenewables

requires

huge

levels

ofinvestments

and

this

requires

clearand

stable

regulatory

frameworks.Any

unexpected

changes

on

rulescauses

uncertainty

and

will

resultin

a

reduction

in

the

appetite

to

GWEC.NETForewordsXabier

Viteri

SolaunManaging

Director,Iberdrola

Renewables

The

decarbonisation

of

the

economy

is

a

tremendous

opportunity

to

create

wealth,

generate

employment

and

improve

both

the

condition

of

the

planet

and

people’s

health.economy.

2021

was

a

record

year

however

permitting

is

the

main3deploy

new

renewable

capacity.Policy

is

critical

for

the

industryand

needs

to

be

consistent

andprogressive

in

its

thinking.It

is

also

paramount

to

create

anenvironment

that

boosts

innovationto

be

able

to

harness

everyopportunity

to

unlock

the

fullpotential

of

wind.Technologyimprovements

will

be

one

of

themain

enablers

of

the

energytransition.

One

of

the

key

game-changers

is

floating

offshore

wind,which

is

ready

to

take

off

and

willsoon

bring

wind

technology

todozens

of

new

sea

basins.Together

with

innovation

in

supply,optimal

grid

planning

anddimensioning

is

crucial.Investments

should

also

bedirected

towards

smart

grids,transmission

and

distributionnetworks,

as

well

as

in

energystorage,

essential

infrastructuresfor

the

integration

of

the

energy

inthe

system

and

bringingrenewable

energy

to

users.Last

but

certainly

not

least,

we

mustalso

work

on

building

a

strong

andsustainable

supply

chain

that

willgive

the

industry

a

robust

platformto

support

expansion

and

the

highproduction

volumes

required.Some

regions

are

promoting

localGWEC

|

GLOBAL

WIND

REPORT

2022and

regional

supply

chain

hubs,sometimes

linked

to

newopportunities

at

technologicallevel.These

initiatives

wouldreduce

geopolitical

risk

andimprove

energy

security,

as

well

ascreating

new

green

jobs

andeconomic

growth

for

those

regions.This

is

the

core

that

underpins

theindustry,

and

it

is

of

extremeimportance

to

strengthen

everylink

of

the

chain,

from

design,

tomanufacturing

to

equipment.Iberdrola

Group

seeks

to

createeconomic,

social

andenvironmental

value

in

all

itsmarkets,

and

we

operate

with

amore

sustainable

future

in

mind.Ensuring

a

strong

co-existencewith

local

communities

and

otherwind

power

interests

shouldremain

one

of

the

top

priorities

forour

industry.

Our

desire

is

topromote

this

new

model

inpartnership

with

all

the

playersinvolved

in

the

sector,

so

thatsociety

as

a

whole

can

share

in

itsbenefits.A

holistic

approach

is

of

theessence.The

goals

are

shared

andclear.

Now,

it

is

time

to

worktogether

as

an

industry

and

focusour

efforts

in

the

same

direction.ForewordsGWEC.NET4If

the

global

journey

to

meeting

theParis

Agreement

were

a

mountainto

climb,

the

past

months

haveshown

that

there

is

increasinglydifficult

terrain

to

navigate

beforewe

reach

the

summit.Although

political

momentum

toaccelerate

the

energy

transitionincreased

over

2021,

we

seeshort-term

market

stagnationinstead

of

growing

markets.Permitting

bottlenecks

around

theworld

are

still

limiting

the

build-upof

a

net-zero

compatible

projectpipeline.And

while

auctionsincentivise

decreasing

bid

levels,the

wind

industry

needs

to

copewith

skyrocketing

raw

material

andtransport

prices,

supply

chaindisruptions

and

protectionist

trademeasures,

leaving

wind

turbinemanufacturers

and

their

supplychain

squeezed

up-

anddownstream.By

removing

permittingbottlenecks,

drastically

scaling

uprenewable

energy

build-out,expanding

power

grids

andincentivising

flexibility

solutions

onthe

supply

and

demand

side

(e.g.storage,

demand-sidemanagement),

governments

willreap

another,

often

overlooked,benefit

of

the

energy

transition:enhanced

energy

security.Windand

sunshine

don’t

cost

anything,and

nations

that

embracerenewables

as

the

backbone

oftheir

energy

systems

will

beprotected

from

the

price

swings

ofvolatile

fossil

fuels.Energy

security

has

become

acritical

issue

alongside

the

climatecrisis.Energy

systems

built

on

thefoundation

of

wind

and

solar

arenot

only

critical

to

cut

greenhousegas

emissions,they

are

necessaryto

ensure

our

resilience

against

theheightening

volatility

around

fossilfuels,

and

to

the

uncertainty

stirredby

geopolitical

conflicts.As

theseuncertainties

become

morecomplex,

governments

around

theworld

would

be

advised

to

respondby

accelerating

the

energytransition

and

not

by

slowing

itdown,

thereby

increasing

planetaryand

societal

return

on

investment.To

unlock

wind

energy’s

next

eraof

growth,

GWEC’s

role

isbecoming

more

important

thanever.

Our

growing

industry

allianceacross

GWEC

will

be

an

asset

indriving

progress.With

wind

and

solar

delivering

9%and

3%

of

our

world’s

electricity,and

electricity

making

up

just

20%of

global

total

final

energyconsumption,

the

challenge

aheadof

us

is

significant

-

but

so

are

theopportunities.

Let’s

embrace

these.Let’s

partner

with

stakeholdersacross

the

global

energy

system

tounlock

the

value

creation

of

theclean

energy

transition.

Let’s

stepup

our

involvement

in

key

topicssuch

as

removing

permittingbottlenecks,

resilient

supply

chains,market

re-design,

power

systemflexibility

and

electrification.Andlet’s

continue

to

deliver

on

oursustainability

ambitions.

Seizingthese

engagement

opportunities

isthe

only

way

to

ensure

we

arebuilding

a

brighter

future

forgenerations

to

come.At

GWEC,

we

are

committed

tosupporting

our

industry

throughthe

imminent

obstacles,

andensuring

we

are

ready

for

theprosperous

future

ahead.

I

lookforward

to

this

transformation.

Morten

DyrholmChairman,

Global

Wind

Energy

CouncilForewords

WordfromtheChairman研究报告撰写规范B

课题规划的研究内容是课题研究报告的引言部分，这部分内容主要体现了课题组如何按照教育科研的程序对教育问题进行规划研究的。只有写好引言部分的内容才能为课题研究报告打好学术基础，为课题研究构建起严谨的学术逻辑。因此，引言的内容体现了课题组的学术功底，体现了课题研究的学术基础，也是课题组学习研究的具体体现。引言部分可分为问题的提出、对问题规划研究的逻辑建构、课题的研究过程与研究方法三个层面十一个条日的问题。这些内容的表述程序构成一个逐层推进的严谨的逻辑联系。5Taking

decisive

action

to

put

theenergy

transition

on

track

andensure

energy

securityWelcome

to

the

GlobalWindReport

2022.As

I

write

thisforeword,

the

world

is

facing

anunprecedented

challenge

toenergy

security

and

the

vital

goalsof

achieving

climate

targets

andaverting

dangerous

global

heating.The

current

global

power

crisishas

revealed

the

continueddangers

of

depending

on

fossilfuels

for

our

energy

supply,

whilethe

brutal

Russian

invasion

ofUkraine

has

seen

entire

countriesheld

hostage

to

energy

supply,used

once

again

as

a

tool

toachieve

geopolitical

aims.Economies

and

consumers

havebeen

left

exposed

to

record

highpower

and

fuel

prices,

while

at

thesame

time,

2021

saw

a

historichigh

in

global

CO2

emissions,putting

the

goals

of

the

ParisAgreement

at

risk.As

the

GlobalWind

Report

shows,2022

was

another

big

year

forwind

installations

and

particularlyfor

the

fast-growing

offshore

windGWEC

|

GLOBAL

WIND

REPORT

2022sector,

with

a

total

of

94

GW

ofwind

installed

around

the

world–

21

GW

in

offshore.However,

despite

progress

inpolicy

commitments

and

thehopeful

messages

from

the

world’sgovernments

at

COP26

–

many

ofwhom

met

with

GWEC

in

Glasgow–

we

need

to

be

honest:We

are

notcurrently

on-track

to

meet

theobjectives

of

net

zero

by

2050

orthe

aims

of

the

Paris

Agreement.For

wind

energy

alone,

we

shouldbe

installing

four

times

the

currentlevel

of

annual

installations

to

stayon

a

net

zero

pathway.There

is

strong

appetite

from

boththe

public

and

business

to

movedecisively,

but

governments

aresimply

not

acting

fast

or

effectivelyenough.While

Russia’s

invasion

of

Ukrainehas

exposed

the

starkestchallenges

of

energy

security

andfossil

fuel

dependence,

the

energycrisis

is

global.

Global

coal

andgas

prices

rose

sharply

throughout2021,

leading

to

massive

pricespikes

and

even

industryshutdowns

across

Asia

and

Europe.The

resulting

high

power

pricesimpacted

economic

growth

andliving

standards

across

the

entireworld.It

is

clearer

by

the

day

that

we

arewitnessing

a

colossal

policy

andmarket

failure

in

terms

of

providingthe

necessary

investment

signalsfor

the

energy

transition.

Fossil

fuelcompanies,

including

coalproducers,

are

seeing

recordprofits

–

ultimately

paid

for

byconsumers

–

while

renewableenergy

companies

struggle

tobreak

even

or

invest

in

newcapacity.All

of

this

makes

amockery

of

the

collectiveinternational

action

promised

atCOP26.The

only

permanent

fix

for

thethree

related

problems

of

energysecurity,

climate

change

andaffordability

is

a

determined

andaccelerated

effort

to

carry

out

theenergy

transition

and

move

awayfrom

fossil

fuels

to

renewables.Policymakers

have

been

both

tooslow

and

too

hesitant

in

carryingout

the

transition,

leading

to

whatthe

IEA

and

others

have

referred

toas

a

“disorderly

transition,”

wherethe

world

is

exposed

to

extremefossil

fuel

volatility.

Ben

BackwellCEO,

Global

Wind

Energy

Council

ForewordsWelcometotheGlobalWindReport2022GWEC.NET6Unfortunately,

the

effects

of

thecurrent

crisis

will

be

with

us

forseveral

years

at

least.

However,

wecan

take

decisive

actions

now

thatwill

immediately

improve

thesituation,

while

avoiding

policydecisions

which

further

lock

usinto

fossil

fuel

dependency

andrisk

even

worse

crises

in

the

future.Taking

urgent

action

to

acceleratethe

deployment

of

renewables

willstart

to

ease

economic

pain,

lowercosts

and

put

us

on

a

net

zeropathway.The

wind

industry

is

a

keyresource

which

will

help

the

worldto

find

a

practical

way

out

of

thecurrent

mess.There

are

literallyterawatts

(TW)

of

“shovel-ready”projects

that

would

lessendependence

on

fossil

fuels

andunlock

huge

amounts

of

investmentalmost

immediately,

if

governmentstake

emergency

measures

toremove

permitting

and

otheradministrative

barriers.Looking

to

the

mid-term,

an

evenbigger

wave

of

construction

andinvestment

can

be

unlocked

ifgovernments

come

forward

withsimpler,more

practical

frameworksfor

market

access,

pricing

andprocurement.The

GlobalWindReport

begins

to

outline

theserecommendations,

and

GWEC

isworking

with

the

wind

industry

tocompile

a

simple

set

of

proposalswhich

–

if

adopted

–

will

allowpolicymakers

to

quickly

enableprogress

on

the

transition.This

year’s

report

also

looksfurther

to

the

future

to

kickstartvital

discussions

about

theemerging

and

evolving

challengesto

renewables

in

the

energytransition,

ranging

from

criticalminerals

and

supply

to

spatialexpansion,

public

acceptance

andthe

threat

of

organiseddisinformation.Working

together

constructivelyand

determinedly

amongpolicymakers,

community,

investorsand

industry,

we

can

resolvetoday’s

challenges

and

those

thatlie

ahead,

and

play

our

part

inmoving

the

world

to

a

peaceful,prosperous

and

sustainable

future.

The

only

permanent

fix

for

the

three

relatedproblems

of

energy

security,

climate

change

and

affordability

is

a

determined

and

acceleratedeffort

to

carry

out

the

energy

transition

and

move

away

from

fossil

fuels

to

renewables.ForewordsEXECUTIVE

SUMMARY研究报告撰写规范C从我市进入课题鉴定程序所提交的研究报告来看，这项内容存在问题较多。课题的问题表述不清楚，或者表述不当，课题研究报告就失去了基础，鉴定也就难以通过。问题表述不当主要表现在以下几个方面：1.没有表述问题。只交代了课题研究的背景，没有把问题交代清楚。没有问题表述的课题研究成果就不能算是真实的研究成果。只有把问题表述清楚、准确、真实，才有进行真正意义的研究。2.问题的表达大而空。虽然表达了问题，但不从教育实际问题入手的，只是宽泛或者概括地表达了一般的问题，是从我国、我省的角度表达的，很多课题研究报告只是把搜集到的有关问题表述粘贴过来，没有根据自己的实际情况进行分，没有本校的实际问题。问题的表达大而空，不具体也不明确，课题研究中很难把握，使课题研究失去了研究的真实基础，甚至失去了方向和目标。3.问题的表达单一概略。虽然表达了本校的问题，但只有观察性概述性表达，缺乏实证性表达，缺乏数据统计和分析，对问题的研究方式比较单一，科学性不强。8The

wind

industry

has

enjoyed

itssecond-best

year

ever,

with

growthin

2021

only

1.8%

behind

a

record2020.Almost

94

GW

of

capacitywas

added,

despite

a

second

yearof

the

COVID-19

pandemic.This

isa

clear

sign

of

the

incredibleresilience

and

upward

trajectory

ofthe

global

wind

industry.Market

statusThe

93.6

GW

of

new

installations

in2021

brings

global

cumulativewind

power

capacity

to

837

GW,showing

year-over-year

(YoY)growth

of

12%.The

onshore

wind

market

added72.5

GW

worldwide.That

is

18%lower

than

the

previous

year

dueto

a

slowdown

in

China

and

the

US,the

world’s

two

largest

windmarkets.

However,

there

wasrecord-high

growth

in

Europe,Latin

America

and

Africa

&

theMiddle

East,

where

new

onshoreinstallations

increased

by

19%,27%

and

120%,

respectively.In

China,

the

termination

of

theFeed-in-Tariff

(FiT)

led

to

a

39%drop

in

installations

to

30.7GW

asthe

market

caught

its

breathfollowing

a

rush

to

install

within

theFiT

environment.

In

the

UnitedStates,

a

25%

decline

to

12.7GWwas

mainly

due

to

COVID-19-associated

supply

chain

issues

anddisruptions.Onshore

wind

additions

in

Asia-Pacific

and

North

America

havedecreased

by

31%

and

21%compared

to

the

enormous

growthrates

seen

in

2020,

but

the

tworegions

combined

still

made

upmore

than

two-thirds

of

globalonshore

wind

installations

in

2021.The

offshore

wind

market

enjoyedits

best

ever

year

in

2021,

with21.1GW

commissioned.Thatrepresents

three

times

more

thanthe

previous

year.

New

offshoreinstallations

represented

22.5%

ofall

new

installations

last

year,helping

bring

the

world’s

totaloffshore

capacity

to

57GW,

whichis

7%

of

global

installations.China

contributed

80%

of

thatoffshore

growth,

the

fourth

yearthat

China

has

led

the

way

in

newinstallations.

Once

again,

an

FiTcutoff

at

the

start

of

2022

drove

thisgrowth

–

a

situation

replicated

inVietnam,

where

779

MW

ofintertidal

(nearshore)

projectswere

commissioned

–

making

itthe

third

-largest

market

foroffshore

installations

in

2021.Europe

is

the

only

other

region

to

GWEC.NETExecutive

Summary

TheData:2021wasthewindindustry’s

second-bestyear

Feng

Zhao

Head

of

Strategy

and

Market

Intelligence,Global

Wind

Energy

CouncilAlmost

94

GW

of

capacity

was

added,

despite

asecond

year

of

the

COVID-19

pandemic.

This

is

aclear

sign

of

the

incredible

resilience

and

upward

trajectory

of

the

global

wind

industry.9Executive

Summaryreport

new

offshore

windinstallations

last

year,

driven

by

arecord

year

for

the

UK,

wheremore

than

2.3

GW

was

connectedto

the

grid.

Even

though

the

UKrelinquished

its

title

as

the

world’slargest

offshore

market

to

China,

itleads

the

way

with

floating

offshorewind,

with

57

MW

installed

lastyear,

bringing

total

capacity

to

139MW.Market

dynamicsThe

wind

industry

is

continuing

tomanage

disruptions

fromCOVID-19.

Sky-high

freight

costsand

increasing

commodity

priceslast

year

further

squeezed

themargins

from

turbine

andcomponent

suppliers

anddevelopers,

which

were

alreadyunder

price

pressure

as

the

resultof

market

design

that

has

created“race

to

bottom”

conditions.Uncertainty

around

COVID-19

mayhave

slowed

down

projectcommissioning

in

markets

such

asthe

US,

India

and

Taiwan,

butauction

activities

in

2021demonstrate

the

desire

to

continuewind’s

growth

around

the

world.Auctioned

capacity

was

up

153%on

2020,

with

88

GW

awardedglobally.

Onshore

wind

makes

up69

GW

(78%)

of

that,

with

offshorecounting

for

19

GW.GWEC

|

GLOBAL

WIND

REPORT

2022China

played

a

leading

role

byawarding

a

total

of

52

GW

windcapacity

in

2021,

of

which

49.2

GWare

onshore

“grid

parity

projects”,demonstrating

that

wind

power

iseconomically

competitive

and

thecountry

is

on-track

to

reach

itsambitious

“30-60”

targets.In

Europe,

the

picture

was

moremixed

with

the

reality

of

permittingand

regulation-associatedchallenges

showing

in

auctionresults.

Procurement

wasundersubscribed

in

key

marketsincluding

Germany,

Italy

andPoland,

with

only

10

GW

of

the

20GW

of

new

onshore

capacity

put

toauction

being

awarded.

Offshorewind

brings

Europe

to

18.1

GW

in2021,but

it

is

simply

not

enoughvolume,

considering

that

the

EUneeds

32

GW

of

new

wind

capacityeach

year

until

2030

to

reach

itscarbon

neutrality

target

by

2050.The

effect

of

clear

policy

directionwas

shown

in

the

US,

where

2021was

a

record

year

for

offshorewind

solicitation.

Four

statesawarded

8.4

GW,

reflecting

astrong

desire

to

deliver

onPresident

Biden’s

target

of

30

GWoffshore

wind

by

2030.In

Latin

America,

less

than

1

GW

ofwind

power

was

awarded

throughpublic

auctions

last

year

as

a

resultof

policy

barriers

and

COVID-19related

issues

in

key

markets.However,

the

cost-competitivenessof

wind

energy

has

enabledprivate

auctions

and

bilateral

PPAsto

gain

popularity

in

this

region,and

helped

Brazil

to

achieve

arecord

year

with

nearly

4

GW

innew

installations

in

2021.Floating

offshore

wind

has

thepotential

to

expand

rapidly

todeliver

the

capacity

the

worldneeds,

and

2021

witnessed

furtherbreakthroughs

into

the

sector

fromoil

and

gas

majors.

LargeEuropean

oil

and

gas

companieswon

offshore

wind

project

auctionsin

Europe

and

North

America,

andwon

seabed

leasing

tenders

oneither

side

of

the

Atlantic

Ocean.These

companies

haveunparalleled

offshore

engineeringskills

and

financial

strengths

whichwill

take

floating

wind

from

thecurrent

demonstration

stage

intofull

commercialisation

by

themiddle

of

this

decade.Last

year

was

also

the

year

carbonneutrality

went

mainstream.National

net

zero

targets

set

byNovember

2021

covered

morethan

80%

of

global

GDP

and

77%1.

https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2021-11-01-80-world-economy-now-aiming-net-zero-not-all-pledges-are-equal10of

global

greenhouse

gases(GHG).1But

these

ambitions

won’tbe

delivered

without

clear

plans:Countries

which

have

strongtargets

and

clear

plans

to

delivernet

zero

only

cover

10%

of

globalGDP

and

5%

of

GHG

emissions.Market

outlookCommitment

to

Net

zero

gatheredglobal

momentum

at

COP26

inGlasgow.Wind

power

is

poised

toplay

a

vital

role

in

accelerating

theglobal

energy

transition.

Coupledwith

growing

energy

securityconcerns

triggered

by

Russia’sinvasion

of

Ukraine,

the

mid-termoutlook

for

wind

energy

is

positive.The

CAGR

for

the

next

fiv