2023届高考英语阅读理阅读技巧专练-主旨大意（含答案）

2023届阅读理阅读技巧专练:主旨大意（共4题）一、阅读理解题（共4题）Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchoressuchasemptyingthedishwasher,puttinglaundryaway,andtakingoutthetrash.Inexchange,somekidsgetallowancesorotherrewardssuchasextracomputertime.Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.SusieWalton,aparentingeducatorandfamilycoach,believesthatbyrewardingkids,parentsaresendingamessagethatworkisn'tworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn."Runninganykindofhouseholdisateameffort,"Susiesaid."Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It'simportantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse,andthatfamiliesdecidetogetherhowtheywanttheirhometolook,andhowtheyaregoingtokeepitlookinglikeeveryonewantsittolook."Otherpeoplebelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores,anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.Therearealsonewapplicationsthatgivekidspointsanddigitalgiftsthatcanberedeemed(兑取)eitheronlineorintherealworld.WiththeChoreMonsterapp,kidsearndigitalpointsbycompletingchoresthattheycanturninforreal-liferewardssuchasextraXboxtimeoratriptothemall."Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards,"saysChrisBergman,founderofChoreMonster."Kidsneedpositivereinforcementtohelpmotivatethem."Whatdoyouthink?Shouldkidsberewardedfordoingchores?Orshouldkidshelpoutaroundtheirhomeswithoutgettinganythinginreturn?Writea200-wordresponse.Sendittotfkasks4you@.YourresponsemaybepublishedinafutureissueofTimeForKids.Pleaseincludeyourgradeandcontactinformationofyourparentorteacherifyouwantyourresponsetobepublished.ThedeadlineforrespondingisFebruary18.(1)Howdoestheauthorstartthepassage? A．Bypresentingsomefacts. B．Bylistingsomeevidence. C．Bycomparingdifferentviews. D．Bystatinghisownexperiences.(2)AccordingtoSusieWalton,_____. A．kidsshouldberewardedfordoingchores B．parentsdecidewhatkidscandoforthefamily C．kidshavetheresponsibilitytosharehousework D．kidscangetextracomputertimefordoingchores(3)Paragraph3ismainlyabout_____. A．ChrisBergman'sopiniononraisingkids B．mainreasonswhykidsneedencouragement C．howtomotivatekidstotrynewapplications D．theadvantageofrewardingkidsfordoingchores(4)Thepurposeofwritingthetextisto_____. A．invitereaderstoexpresstheiropinions B．informreadersoftwodifferentopinions C．callonreaderstoreflectontheirbehavior D．presenttheauthor'sviewpointaboutparentingLouisPasteurwasborninDole,FranceonDecember27,1822.Hisfamilywaspoor,andduringhisearlyeducation,Pasteurwasanordinarystudentwhoenjoyedartandsinging.However,whenPasteurwasexposedtoscienceasateenager,heknewhefoundhiscareer.In1848,Pasteurwenttocollegetobecomeascienceteacher.HethenbecameachemistryprofessorattheUniversityofStrasbourg.Hegotmarriedin1849andhadfivechildren.However,threediedyoungfromtyphoidfever(伤寒).ItwasthedeathsofhischildrenthatdrovePasteurtoinvestigateinfectiousdiseasesinordertofindacure.DuringPasteur'stime,peoplebelievedthatbacteriaappeareddueto"spontaneousgeneration"(自然发生).Theythoughtthatthebacteriajustappearedoutofnowhere.Pasteurcarriedoutexperimentstoseeifthiswastrue.Throughhisexperimentsheprovedthatbacteriawerelivingthingsthatcamefromotherlivingthings.Theydidn'tjustspontaneouslyappear.ThiswasamajordiscoveryinthestudyofbiologyandearnedPasteurthetitleofFatherofMicrobiology.AsPasteurlearnedmoreaboutbacteria,hebegantothinktheymaybethecauseofdiseasesinhumans.WhentheFrenchsilkmarketwasthreatenedbyadiseasetosilkworms(蚕),Pasteurdecidedtoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatthisdiseasewascausedbybacteria.Bykillingthemfromthesilkwormfarms,hewasabletoceasethediseaseandsavetheFrenchsilkbusiness.TodayLouisPasteurisknownasoneofthemostimportantscientistsinhistory.Hisdiscoveriesledtoanunderstandingofbacteriaanddiseasesthathashelpedsavemillionsandmillionsoflives.(1)Afterhischildren'sdeaths,LouisPasteur_____. A．becameafraidofinfectiousdiseases B．wasfrustratedandwantedtodonothing C．decidedtofindouthowtotreatthedisease D．didn'tknowitwastyphoidfeverthatcausedtheirdeaths(2)WhatisimpliedaboutLouisPasteur'sdiscoveryinParagraph3? A．Itsupportedwhatmostpeoplethoughtatthattime. B．Itrevealedthatbacteriaoftenappearedoutofnowhere. C．ItattractedtheattentionoftheFatherofMicrobiology. D．Itwasaveryimportantdiscoveryinthehistoryofbiology.(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cease"inParagraph4? A．End. B．Find. C．Develop. D．Spread.(4)Whatistheauthorintendedtotellusinthetext? A．Adiseasethatkilledchildreneasilyinhistory. B．agreatscientistinthefieldofbiologyinhistory. C．Someofthemostimportantscientistsinhistory. D．Someofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinhistory.Manypeopleavoidapologizingbecauseadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthemuncomfortable."Weliketoviewourselvesasgoodpeopleaskindandconsiderate,"saysRyanFehr,aprofessorattheUniversityofWashington."Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talwaysliveuptoourownstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictimwon'tacceptourapology,furtherdamagingourpositivesenseofself.Forthesereasons,anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.Formany,apologizingisstressful,awkwardanduncomfortable.Butaheartfeltapologyhaspositiveeffects.Itcanimproveyourmentalhealth,repairdamagedrelationshipsandpromoteself-esteem."Apologyactsasasignalofone'smoralcharacter,"Fehrsays.ResearchersatOhioStateUniversityhavedeterminedthateffectiveapologieshavefiveelements:expressingregret,explainingwhatwentwrong,acknowledgingresponsibility,offeringtorepairthesituationandrequestingforgiveness.Allfivearen'tnecessaryeverytime."Themoreofthoseelementswereincluded,themorelikelytheapologywasseenasconvincing,"saysRoyLewicki,theleadstudyauthor."Acknowledgementofresponsibilityturnedouttobethemostimportantpiece,followedbyanexplanationofwhyithappenedanddeclarationofregret.""Sometimes,animmediateapologyiscalledfor,"saysAntonyManstead,apsychologyprofessoratCardiffUniversity."Butiftheotherpartyisangryatyourwrongdoing,itmaybemoreeffectivetowait,becausetheirangermaystopthemacceptinganapology.Someresearchsuggeststhatadelayincreasesanapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthatthewrongdoerhashadtimetoreflectonhis/hermisdeeds,"saysMaraOlekalns,aprofessorofmanagementatMelbourneBusinessSchool."Thebesttimetoapologizeiswhenonefeelsreadytosincerelyapologize,"saysEtienneMullet,researchdirectoroftheEthicsandWorkLaboratoryattheInstituteofAdvancedStudies."Thereisnothingworseinthesesituationsthaninsincereapologies."(1)Whydomanypeoplefeeluncomfortabletoapologize? A．Theyarekindandconsideratepeople. B．Theyareafraidoflosingface. C．Theybelievethemselvesright. D．Theyhavehighmoralstandards.(2)Whatisthemostimportantwhenitcomestomakinganeffectiveapology? A．Toexpressregret. B．Toexpresswhatwentwrong. C．Toacceptresponsibility. D．Torequestforgiveness.(3)Whatcanbeinferredaboutanapologyfromthelastparagraph? A．Thesooner,thebetter. B．Thelater,thebetter. C．Themoreoften,thebetter. D．Themoregenuine,thebetter.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? A．Howyoucanmakeaneffectiveapology. B．Whypeopleavoidapologizing. C．Whatbenefitsyoucangetfromanapology. D．Whenyoucanmakeaheartfeltapology.InancientEgypt,thepharaoh(法老)treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday'sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid,"Ohboy,baddayforapicnic.Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain."Iwantedtostrikehimontheracewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.Notforhisstupidweatherreport,forhissmile.SeveralmonthsagoIwasracingtocatchabus.AsIbreathlesslyputmyhandfulofcashacrosstheGreyhoundcounter,thesalesagentsaidwithabroadsmile,"Ohthatbusleftriveminutesago."Dreamsofhead-cutting!It'snotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry.It'stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit'sdelivered.Everyonemustgivebadmewsfromtimetotime,andwinningprofessionalsdoitwiththeproperattitude.AdoctoradvisingapatientthatsheneedsanoperationdoseitinacaringwayAbossinforminganemployeehedidn'tgetthejobtakesonasympathetictone.Bigwinnersknow,whendeliveringanybadnews,theyshouldsharethefeelingofthereceiver.Unfortunately,manypeoplearenotawareofthis.Whenyou'retiredfromalongflight,hasahotelclerkcheerfullysaidthatyourroomisn'treadyye?Whenyouhadyourheartsetonthetoastbeef,hasyourwaitermerrilytoldyouthathejustservedthelastpiece?Itmakesyouastravelerordinerwanttolandyourfistrightontheirunsympatheticfaces.Hadmyneighbortoldmeoftheupcomingrainstormwithsympathy,Iwouldhaveappreciatedhiswarning.HadtheGreyhoundsalesclerksympatheticallyinformedmethatmybushadalreadyleft,Iprobablywouldhavesaid,"Oh,that'sallright.I'llcatchthenextone."Bigwinners,whentheybearbadnews,deliverbombswiththeemotionthebombarded(被轰炸的)personissuretohave.(1)InParagraph1,thewritertellsthestoryofthepharaohto_____. A．makeacomparison B．introduceatopic C．describeascene D．offeranargument(2)Inthewriter'sopinion,hisneighborwas_____. A．friendly B．warm-hearted C．notconsiderate D．nothelpful(3)From"Dreamsofhead-cutting!"(Paragraph3),welearnthatthewriter_____. A．wasmadatthesalesagent B．wasremindedofthecruelpharaoh C．wishedthatthesalesagentwouldhavehaddreams D．dreamedofcuttingthesalesagent'sheadthatnight(4)Whatisthemainideaofthetext? A．Deliveringbadnewsproperlyisimportantincommunication. B．Helpingotherssincerelyisthekeytobusinesssuccess. C．Receivingbadnewsrequiresgreatcourage. D．Learningancienttraditionscanbeuseful.

答案一、阅读理解题（共4题）1.【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)D(4)A【解析】(1)这是一篇议论文。本文主要对孩子在家里做家务到底要不得到报酬进行讨论，进而要求读者表达他们的观点。推理判断题。根据第一段“Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchoressuchasemptyingthedishwasher,puttinglaundryaway,andtakingoutthetrash.Inexchange,somekidsgetallowancesorotherrewardssuchasextracomputertime”可知，许多孩子在家里帮忙做家务，比如清空洗碗机，把衣服收起来，然后把垃圾拿出去。