阅读与训练-2023届高三英语二轮复习

Theoriginsoffood

Wheredoesourfoodcomefrom?

Onceuponatimecarrotswerepurple,therewerenopineapplesinAsiaor

lemonsirAmerica,andmanypeoplethoughtpotatoeswerepoisonous.Many

typesoffruitandvegetablegrewonlyinoneplace.Sohowdidtheyspreadall

overtheworld?

Changingcolours

Fivethousandyearsago,carrotsonlygrewinAfghanistanandmostwere

purple.Onlyafewwereorangeastheyaretoday!FarmersinHollandwere

lookingforafruitorvegetabletorepresenttheirking,WilliamofOrange,and

orangecarrotswerejustwhattheywerelookingfor-theybecametheancestors

ofallmoderncarrots.

Athomeinthemountains

ManyplantsonlygrowincertainplacesonEarth,oftendeepinthejungle.

ThehomeofpotatoesisinthemountainsoftheAndesinSouthAmerica.

BananascomefromPapuaNewGuineaandlemonsgrowwildinChina.

Worldtravel

Butoncepeoplerealizedthatmanyoftheseplantsweregoodtoeat,they

tookthemfarfromtheplaceswheretheygrew.Fruit,inparticular,attracted

thirstytravellers.Arabmerchantstransporteddifferentfruitsandvegetables

aroundtheworld,suchasorangeswhichtheytookfromAsiatodistant

countriessuchasSpainandSicily.TheSpanishreturnedfromSouth

Americawithmanynewtypesoffoodincludingchocolate,chiliandcorn.

Someunusualuses

Peopleoftenhadproblemsdecidingwhattodowiththesenewfruitsand

vegetables,orusedthemfordifferentpurposesfromtoday.Carrotswereused

notasfoodbutasmedicinetoprotectpeoplefrompoisonoreven(itwas

believed)tomakepeoplefallinlove.Thefirsttomatoesandpineappleswere

grownnotasfoodbuttomakethegardenlookpretty.Andmanypeople

wereworriedaboutpotatoes-althoughtheyaregoodforus,theirleavesare

poisonousandpoorerpeoplebelievedtheycouldbeusedforblackmagic.In

Germany,peopleonlybeganeatingpotatoeswhenthekingorderedthatpeople

whodidnoteatthemwouldhavetheirearsandnosescutoff!

Andtoday..

Today,wearesousedtoourdifferenttypesoffoodthatwedon'tthink

aboutwheretheycamefrom.Butforeachpineapple,potatoorcarrotweeat,

thereisalonghistory!

Activity1

AndyKeedwell

Beforeyouread,matchthewordorphrasetoadefinition.

1.ancestor

2.distant

3.merchant

4.poisonous

5.transport

6.wild

a.aformfromthepastwhichhasdevelopedintosomethingmodern

b.faraway

c.describessomethingthatwillmakeyouillorkillyouifyoueatit

d.somebodywhobuysandsellsthings

e.notkeptorfarmedbypeople

f.takesomethingfromoneplacetoanother

Activity2

Nowcompletethesentencesusingwordsfromthetext.Makeanychanges

tothewordsthatarenecessary.

1.Hetravelledaroundtheworld,oftentomany(.)places.

2.Inmytown,youcanbuyfood,carpetsandtoysfromthe()inthe

market.

3.Millionsofyearsago,the()ofmodernhumanslivedincaves.

4.Someplantsgiveusfood,butothersare()andwillharmus.

5.Thenumberof()animalsgetslesseveryyear,butmanylivein

zoos.

6.Weusetrains,lorries,shipsandplanesto()foodfromonecountry

toanother.

Activity3

Lookatthetypesoffruitsandvegetablesinthebox.Usingtheinformation

inthetexttohelpyou,chooseatypeoffruitorvegetablefromtheboxto

completeeachsentencebelow.Therearesomewordsyouwillnotneedto

use.

tomatoes

carrots

chilli

corn

pineapples

bananas

lemons

oranges

potatoes

chocolate

1.()remindedpeopleofthenameoftheirking.

2.()wereonlyeatenafteraroyalcommand.

3.()growwellinhighplaces.

4.(),()and()travelledtoEuropefromAsia.

5.()and()weregrownbecausepeoplethoughttheywere

beautiful.

6.()werebelievedtocurediseases.

Activity4

SomenounsinEnglishhaveonlyanuncountableform(forexample：

information,homework)whichneverhaveaplural.

SomewordsinEnglishhavebothanuncountableformandacountable

form(oftenmeaningtypesof).Forexample,thearticlesays：

Fruitingeneral：Fruit,inparticular,attractedthirstytravelers.

(uncountable)

Typesoffruit：Arabmerchantscarrieddifferentfruitsandvegetables

aroundtheworld.(countable)

Herearesomemoreexamples.

First,decidewhichformsofthenounarecountableoruncountable.Then

chooseoneformtocompleteeachsentence.

Activity4

glass/glasses

perfume/perfumes

tea/teas

chocolate/chocolates

time/times

hair/hairs

Example：

Hehadhishaircutyesterday.

1.Thecustomerfoundthreelong,black()inhissoup.

2.I'msodelighted-hegavemeabottleof()formybirthday!

3.Weusethefruitofthecocoatreetomake().

4.Wehaven'tgotmuch().Hurryup,becausewe'llbelate!

5.Thenewwaiterbrokethree()onhisfirstday.

6.Chinese,Indian,Kenyan-thisarticlewilldescribehowthe()ofthe

worldaregrown.

Activity5

Whichofthefruitsandvegetablesmentionedinthearticlegrowinyour

country?Wheredothefruitsandvegetablesyoulikecomefrom?

TheNewPresidentialInterview

Whateverelseheis,MrTrumpisanewsbutnotnecessarilynewsy,andpinninghim

machine.Hegeneratesheadlineseverytimedownonquestionswasachallenge.

hespeaks.HehasmadetheWhiteHouseGeorgeW.Bushwasmoreconcise

presscorpsagrowthindustry.Withother（简洁的）andstayedontopic—generallymore

presidents,wesometimesstruggledtofindreflective,thoughtfulandinformedthanhewas

nuggets（有价值的东西）ofnewsinaninterview;givencreditforbuthighlydisciplinedabout

withMrTrumpwewereoverwhelmed.Afterthestickingtothemessagehewantedtoimpart.

sessiononWednesday,IhavenowinterviewedHegaveinterviewswhenhehadapointto

sevenpresidents—someinoffice,someaftermake.Thetrickwascraftingaquestionthat

theyleft—andwithMrTrumptheexperienceiswouldsurprisehimandgethimoffscripttosay

strikinglydifferentinalmosteveryrespect.whathereallythoughtaboutsomething.

BillClintonwasdiscursive（东拉西扯的）,BarackObamaenjoyedthegiveand

rangingwidelyoveravarietyoftopicsandtakeofaninterview,buttherewasmoregive

citingatlengtharguments,anecdotesthantake.Hepreferredprofessorialanswers,

（®l）orpiecesofinformationthathadspeakinginfullparagraphs.Hewassmart,

recentlyfascinatedhim,whetherornottheylogicalandimpressive.Butreporterswithlong

relatedtotheday'snews.Hereadvoraciouslylistsofquestionswatchedtheclocktickand

（贪婪地）andusuallyhadalotonhismind.strainedtopolitelyinterrupttheworld'smost

Theseinterviewswereinvariablycompellingpowerfulpersoninordertogettomorethan

justafewofthem.somethingswouldbeproblematicifquoted

NoneofthesemencameclosetoMrsoit'sfairtoconcludethattheprovocative

Trumpinhiscapacitytoprovoke）挑事）.Aproduct（挑拨的）thingshesaidontherecordwere

oftheNewYorktabloidworld,MrTrumphasintentionallyso.Whenweaskedmorethanonc（

anunerringinstinctforsayingthingsthatwhetherhemightfirethespecialcounsel,he

willproducegasps.Anaidemaytrytosteerveryconsciouslyavoidedadirectanswer.（We

himawayfromperiloustopicsorsuggestpressedhimrepeatedlytostayontherecord

thatsomethingbesaidofftherecord,butheandthevastmajorityofthetimehedid.）

usuallyplowsforwardanyway.Indeed,whileWhenitcametotheRussiamatter

otherpresidentsareroutinelyjoinedbymultipleheeasilycouldhavedismissedquestionj

advisersandanofficialstenographerforsuchbysaying—ashaveotherpresidents-

interviews,justoneaidewaspresentatours.thathecouldnotcommentonacontinuinc

Thisishardlyheedless.MrTrumptoggledinvestigation.Instead,heteedoff（打开话匣）

（切换）fromontherecordtoofftherecordwithpresumablybecausehewantedto.

remarkablefluidity.Clearlyhewasconsciousthat

阅读理解

1.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraph?

A.Wecouldhardlyfindanynewsinaninterviewwithotherpresidents.

B.Wecouldalwaysfindgoldnewsinaninterviewwithotherpresidents.

C.Wesometimeshavedifficultyfindingnuggetsinaninterviewwith

Trump.

D.Wecouldn'tfindnuggetsofnewsintheinterviewswithanypresidents.

2.WhichofthefollowingevaluationofBillClintonagreeswiththeauthor's

opinion?

A.BillClintonwascharmingandjournalistslovedtointerviewhim.

B.BillClinton'slargeinformationattractedjournalistsverymuch.

C.TointerviewBillClintonisahardjobforthejournalists.

D.TointerviewBillClintoncouldgetlotsofnews.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraphwecaninferthat.

A.reportersliketoplayatrickonGeorgeW.Bushintheinterviews

B.GeorgeW.Bushhasneversaidhisrealthoughtwhenfacingreporters

C.GeorgeW.Bushlovesplayingtricksonreporterswhenanswering

questions

D.facingthereporters'questions,GeorgeW.Bushalwayslovesfollowing

hisownroutines

4.WhydoestheauthorsayObamaenjoyedmoregivethantake?

A.Becauseheansweredthequestionsprofessoriallyandfully.

B.Becausehewassmart,logicalandimpressivethatheanswered

questionsquickly.

C.Becauseheansweredthequestionssocomprehensivelyastobe

forcedtostop.

D.Becausehejustansweredafewquestionsthoughhavingprepared

many.

5.TheauthormentionstheRussiamatterinordertoindicatethat.

A.Mr.Trumpdiffersfromotherpresidents

B.Mr.Trumpsometimesintendstosayprovocativethings

C.Mr.Trumphadtroubleindismissingquestionsbysayingno

D.Mr.Trumpcouldnotcommentonacontinuinginvestigation

SmartphonesMakePeopleStupid

Ithaslongbeenbelievedthatthesmartphonesinourpocketsareactuallymakingusdumber;

butnowthereisevidenceforit.Theconstantpresenceofamobilephonehasa"braindrain"

effectthatsignificantlyreducespeople'sintelligenceandattentionspans,astudyhasfound.

ResearchersattheUniversityofTexasdiscoveredthatpeopleareworseatconductingtasks

andrememberinginformationiftheyhaveasmartphonewithineyeshot.Intwoexperimentsthey

foundphonessittingonadeskoreveninapocketorhandbagwoulddistractusersandleadto

worsetestscoresevenwhenitwassetupnottodisturbtestsubjects.Theeffectwasmeasurable

evenwhenthephoneswereswitchedoff,andwasworseforthosewhoweredeemedmore

dependentontheirmobiles.

"Althoughthesedeviceshaveimmensepotentialtoimprovewelfare,theirpersister

presencemaycomeatacognitivecost,"saidDrAdrianWard,theleadauthorofthestud;

"Evenwhenpeoplearesuccessfulatmaintainingsustainedattention—aswhenavoidingth

temptationtochecktheirphones-themerepresenceofthesedevicesreducesavailabl

cognitivecapability."

Theresearcherstested520universitystudentsontheirmemoryandintelligencewheni

thepresenceofasmartphonetoseehowitaffectedthem.Participantsweretoldtocomplet

testsinmathematics,memoryandreasoningwiththeirsmartphoneseitherontheirdesk,i

theirbagorpockets,orinanotherroom,andwithalertsturnedoffsoasnottodistractstudent?

Thosewhohadtheirphonesonthedeskrecordeda10percentlowerscorethanthosewh

lefttheminadifferentroomonoperationalspantasks,whichmeasuresworkingmemoryan

focus.Thosewhokepttheirphonesfurtheroutofsightintheirpocketsortheirbagsscoredonl

slightlybetterthanwhenphoneswereplacedondesks.

Theresearchersfoundthatthenegativeeffectofhavingaphonewithineyeshotwa

significantlygreateramongthosewhosaidtheyweredependentontheirsmartphone?

Participantswhohadexpressedsympathywithphrasessuchas"Iwouldhavetroublegettin

throughanormaldaywithoutmycellphone"and"usingmycellphonemakesmefeelhapp)

performedaswellasotherswhentheirphonewasinadifferentroom,butworsewhenitwa

placedontheirdesk.Thestudyalsofoundreactionspeedstobeaffected,withstudentswh

hadtheirphoneonthedeskrespondingmoresluggishlyinhigh-pacetests.Itevenfoundthe

phonescanevendistractusersevenwhentheyareturnedoffandplacedfacedown.Thos

withphonesoutsideoftheroom"slightlyoutperformed"thosewithswitchedoffdevices.

Theresearcherssaidtheeffectarisesbecausepartofasmartphoneusers'mindi

dedicatedtotryingnottothink

aboutdistractionssuchaswhether

theyhaveanymessageswhenthe

handsetisintheirlineofsight.uWe

seealineartrendthatsuggests

thatasthesmartphonebecomes

morenoticeable,participants'

availablecognitivecapacity

decreases,"saidWard."Your

consciousmindisn'tthinkingabout

yoursmartphone,butthatprocess

—theprocessofrequiringyourself

nottothinkaboutsomething—uses

upsomeofyourlimitedcognitive

resources.It'sabraindrain."

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