英语被动语态

英语被动语态英语被动语态【知识总结归纳】一.概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语熟练转换A．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）（填mustbethrownaway）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables？（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______？（填were；grown）B.被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第1页。三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第1页。时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.（1）DotheyspeakFrench?（2）Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn’tusedbythem.一般过去时was/were+p.p.（1）Thehunterkilledatiger.（2）Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时am/is/are+being+p.p.（1）Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.（2）Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.过去进行时was/were+being+p.p.（1）Hewassellingbooks.（2）Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.（1）ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.（2）Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.过去完成时had+been+p.p.（1）Theyhassolvedtheproblem.（2）Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.一般将来时shall/willbe+p.p.（1）Ishallmakeaplan.（2）Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.过去将来时wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.（1）Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.（2）Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.情态动词can/may/must/should+be+p.p.（1）Weshouldhandinourhomework.（2）YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.如何正确使用被动语态1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主动语态）（被动语态）②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．（填wasgivento）▲1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第2页。bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第2页。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme(2)Themeatwascookedforus.2.在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）此类用法常用动词有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,noticelistento,lookat，等。3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1）

（2）4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg.五．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway［D］②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．（填betakengoodcareof）英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第3页。2．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第3页。SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（填wasseento）3．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built［C］4．以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销8.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第4页。第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第4页。Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.六．注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）七．牢记（相关）句型教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1．becoveredwith被……覆盖2．bemadeof由……制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由……制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作（作为）……来使用beusedtodosth．被用来做某事4．Itisreportedthat…据报导……Itissupposedthat…据推测……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍认为……Itissuggestedthat…有人建议……Itissaidthat．．．据说……Itishopedthat．．．希望……Itiswellknownthat．．．众所周知……例如：英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第5页。①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第5页。—Yes．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein［B］②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping［A］③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．（填Itissaid；anotherbridge；built）【实战模拟】一.选择填空1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.—Doyouliketheflower?—Yes,itsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclass,Ann?A.Does,askB.Is,askedC.Has,askedD.Will,ask7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretold,givesB.tell,willgiveC.aretold,willbegivenD.told,isgoingtobegiven12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince1978.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第6页。A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第6页。13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweek?A.Has,boughtB.Was,boughtC.Does,buyD.Did,buy14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing15.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted16.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning18.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwith20.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.A.isgivingB.wasgiventoC.isgivenforD.willgiveto21.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing22.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力与犯罪）byyoungchildren.A.shouldnotseeB.shouldbenotseenC.shouldnotbeseenD.shouldbeseen23.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekeptB.don’tkeepC.isnotkeptD.aren’tkeeping24.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.A.aremadeB.aremakingC.makeD.ismade25.Thatbuildingnow.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.builds26.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.A.arewateredB.arewateringC.havewateredD.water27.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuildingD.bebuilt28.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.A.tookawayB.wastakenawayC.wastakenoffD.istaken29.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing30.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.isaskedD.asked31.Doyoulikethiskindofpaper?Yes,itverynice.A.isfeltB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels32.Thesebookswell.A.sellsB.arebeingsoldC.aresoldD.sell33.Theboylostonhiswayhomeyesterday.A.gotB.isC.getsD.has英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第7页。34.Thoughthecoatisabitlargenow,itmeverysoon.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第7页。A.willbefitB.willfitC.fitD.fits35.Footballeverywhereintheworld.A.isplayedB.playC.isplayingD.plays36.Everybodyherewasapresent.A.gaveB.givenC.TogiveD.Giving37.Anewfactoryinourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.wasbuiltD.isbuilding38.Alltreesmustwellwhenitisdry.A.bewateredB.arewateredC.waterD.bewatering39.Thisshirtsilk.A.mustbemadeinB.makebyC.mustbemadeofD.mustbemadeby40.Thesebooksgoodcareof.A.musttakenB.musttakeC.havetotakeD.mustbetaken41.Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.inusingC.usedD.areused42.Moretreesnextyear.A.willbeplantedB.willplantC.haveplantedD.areplanting43.—WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina?

—OnOctober1.1949.A.did…foundB.was…foundC.was…foundedD.is…founded44.Today,toomanytreesarestillintheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutted45.ThiskindofmachineJapan.A.ismadebyB.ismadefromC.ismadeinD.ismadeof46.Theteachersaysthatthemanwill.A.bewelltakencareB.welllookafterC.takecarewellD.bewelllookedafter47.—Ithinktheshop.

—No,It’sopen.Itatsix.A.isclose…closeB.isclosed…closesC.closed…closesD.isclosed48.Iwasastonished（吃惊）tohearthatthecolourTVset5,000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost49.Greatchangesplacesincehecamehere.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.hastaken50.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed51.Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat二.用正确的时态和语态填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）methathisbike（break）lastweek.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第8页。4.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.英语被动语态全文共10页，当前为第8页。5.Nowhe（be）askedifthemeeting（hold）nextFriday.6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon（turn）roundtheearth.7.MissLioften（use）arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe（notuse）ittomorrow.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.9.English（speak）here.10.Thesong（like）byusalltwentyyearsago.11.Thepictures（take）byJacktomorrow.12.Thecomputer（canuse）intheroom.13.Theroom（paint）now.14.Thenovel（translate）intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.15.Thatclock（call）BigBen.16.Lastweek,whenI（ask）aboutEnglishculture,Icouldn’tansweritwell.17.Whatlanguage（speak）inyourcountry?18.Schoolfootballgamesoften（hold）onFridayevenings.19.Thefilm（show）againsometimenextweek.20.Ifanything（happen）tohim,letmeknow.21.thepairofnewshoes（suit）you?22.Thebottle（break）bythecatyesterday.23.Atalltree（can,see）inthepicture.24.Thesportsmeeting（hold）lastweek.25.We（tell）yesterdaythatJanewouldcomebackfromAustralia.26.Look,MrSmith（ta