专题01熟悉又陌生的词汇变形-2023高考英语读后续写备考秘籍-小小单词大大能量

特殊变形词不可不会英语最基本的构词法（wordformation）有三种：派生（derivation)、合成(compounding)和转化（conversion)。利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)。用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative)。派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种，在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。另外，这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。派生词之名词。常见词缀要记牢，-tion/-sion/-ness/-cy/-ce/-th/-dom/-ty...recognize→recognitionn.认可benefit→beneficialadj.有益的explain→explanationn.说明，解释curious→curiosityn.好奇，好奇心generous→generosityn.慷慨consume→consumptionn.消费；消耗describe→descriptionn.描述，描写assume→assumptionn.假定；设想pronounce→pronunciationn.发音；读法compete→competitionn.竞争；比赛invite→invitationn.邀请admire→admirationn.钦佩；羡慕；欣赏qualify→qualificationn.资格；资格证书believe→beliefn.信念relieve→reliefn.如释重负tend→tendencyn.倾向，趋势choose→choicen.选择vary→varietyn.多样化；种类conclude→conclusionn.结论decide→decisionn.决定divide→divisionn.分配expand→expansionn.扩张admit→admissionn.接纳；准许入学permit→permissionn.许可introduce→introductionn.介绍respond→responsen.回应rich→richnessn.丰富damp→dampnessn.潮湿；湿气complete→completenessn.完整；完全full→fullnessn.充满；丰富；完全tired→tirednessn.疲劳；疲倦good→goodnessn.善良，美德Warm→warmthn.温暖true→truthn.真相2.形容词变副词去(1)大部分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e，形容词变副词直接加－lyimmediate→immediately立刻地fortunate→fortunately幸运地entire→entirely完全地，彻底地wide→widely广泛地absolute→absolutely绝对地；完全地polite→politely有礼貌地；客气地wise→wisely明智地；聪明地；精明地nice→nicely漂亮地；恰好地huge→hugely很；非常expensive→expensively昂贵地(2)－le结尾的形容词变为lysimple→simply简单地；仅仅gentle→gently轻轻地；温柔terrible→terribly非常；可怕地；极度地possible→possibly可能地；也许probable→probably大概；或许comfortable→comfortably舒服地；安乐地(3)以“元音字母＋e”结尾的形容词去e加－lytrue→truly真实地(4)特殊情况whole→wholly完全地；全部shy→shyly害羞地dry→dryly干燥地full→fully充分地dull→dully单调地3.动词变名词，去e还是不去e(1)以e结尾，不去e直接加－mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就advertise→advertisement广告amaze→amazement惊奇agree→agreement同意arrange→arrangement安排improve→improvement改进require→requirement要求(2)以e结尾，去e再加－mentargue→argument辩论；论据judge→judgment意见；判断力4.以字母ic结尾的形容词加－ally变为副词specific→specifically特别地；明确地basic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically系统地；合乎科学地academic→academically学术上；学业上historic→historically关于历史事件，从历史观点上说classic→classically古典主义地enthusiastic→enthusiastically热情地5.后缀－cy(－t/－te→－cy)accurate→accuracy准确性efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅frequent→frequency频繁private→privacy隐私；私密urgent→urgency紧急(1)不规则变化的名词复数①child→children孩子②man→men男人③tooth→teeth牙齿④foot→feet脚⑤woman→women女人⑥mouse→mice老鼠⑦gentleman→gentlemen绅士⑧ox→oxen公牛(2)外来名词的复数①criterion→criteria标准②phenomenon→phenomena现象③bacterium→bacteria细菌④medium→media媒介⑤datum→data数据(3)以o结尾的名词在词尾加－s或－es①以o结尾的名词在词尾直接加－s变为复数radio→radios，zoo→zoos，piano→pianos，kilo→kilos，photo→photos②以o结尾的名词在词尾直接加－eshero→heroes，tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes原词比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleast针对训练用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._____________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.【答案】Unfortunately2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare_________________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.【答案】unable3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally______________(expect)way.【答案】unexpected4.Iwon'tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis___________(reason).【答案】unreasonable5.Job____________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.【答案】applicantsAllfactsarethesourceof_________________(conclude).【答案】conclusions7.However,most______________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith___________(educate).【答案】scientists;education8.Excellentoralandwritten_________________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof____________(important).【答案】co