教辅--物理化学习题集--汇编

物理化学习题集汇编PAGEPAGE1HYPERLINK第一部分概念及术语HYPERLINKAHYPERLINKBHYPERLINKCHYPERLINKDHYPERLINKEHYPERLINKFHYPERLINKGHYPERLINKHIHYPERLINKJHYPERLINKKHYPERLINKLHYPERLINKMHYPERLINKNOHYPERLINKPHYPERLINKQHYPERLINKRHYPERLINKSHYPERLINKTUVHYPERLINKWHYPERLINKXHYPERLINKYHYPERLINKZHYPERLINK第二部分练习题HYPERLINK\h\z前言 15概念及术语 16BET公式BETformula 16DLVO理论DLVOtheory 16HLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethod 16pVT性质pVTproperty 16ζ电势zetapotential 16阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number 16阿伏加德罗定律Avogadrolaw 16阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrheniusionizationtheory 16阿累尼乌斯方程Arrheniusequation 17阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy 17阿马格定律Amagatlaw 17艾林方程Eryingequation 17爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’slawofphotochemicalequivalence 17爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation 17安托万常数Antoineconstant 17安托万方程Antoineequation 17盎萨格电导理论Onsager’stheoryofconductance 17半电池halfcell 17半衰期halftimeperiod 18饱和液体saturatedliquids 18饱和蒸气saturatedvapor 18饱和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption 18饱和蒸气压saturatedvaporpressure 18爆炸界限explosionlimits 18比表面功specificsurfacework 18比表面吉布斯函数specificsurfaceGibbsfunction 18比浓粘度reducedviscosity 18标准电动势standardelectromotiveforce 18标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential 18标准摩尔反应焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy 18标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction 18标准摩尔反应熵standardmolarreactionentropy 19标准摩尔焓函数standardmolarenthalpyfunction 19标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standardmolarGibbsfreeenergyfunction 19标准摩尔燃烧焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy 19标准摩尔熵standardmolarentropy 19标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy 19标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standardmolarformationGibbsfunction 19标准平衡常数standardequilibriumconstant 19标准氢电极standardhydrogenelectrode 19标准态standardstate 19标准熵standardentropy 20标准压力standardpressure 20标准状况standardcondition 20表观活化能apparentactivationenergy 20表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight 20表观迁移数apparenttransferencenumber 20表面surfaces 20表面过程控制surfaceprocesscontrol 20表面活性剂surfactants 21表面吸附量surfaceexcess 21表面张力surfacetension 21表面质量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw 21波义尔定律Boylelaw 21波义尔温度Boyletemperature 21波义尔点Boylepoint 21玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmannconstant 22玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmanndistribution 22玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmannformula 22玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem 22泊Poise 22不可逆过程irreversibleprocess 22不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses 22不可逆相变化irreversiblephasechange 22布朗运动brownianmovement 22查理定律Charle’slaw 22产率yield 23敞开系统opensystem 23超电势overpotential 23沉降sedimentation 23沉降电势sedimentationpotential 23沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium 23触变thixotropy 23粗分散系统thickdispersesystem 23催化剂catalyst 23单分子层吸附理论monomoleculelayeradsorption 23单分子反应unimolecularreaction 23单链反应straightchainreactions 24弹式量热计bombcalorimeter 24道尔顿定律Daltonlaw 24道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw 24德拜和法尔肯哈根效应DebyeandFalkenhageneffect 24德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula 24德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’slimitingequation 24等焓过程isenthalpicprocess 24等焓线isenthalpicline 24等几率定理theoremofequalprobability 24等温等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy 25等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy 25等温方程equationatconstanttemperature 25低共熔点eutecticpoint 25低共熔混合物eutecticmixture 25低会溶点lowerconsolutepoint 25低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric 26第二类永动机perpetualmachineofthesecondkind 26第三定律熵Third-Lawentropy 26第一类永动机perpetualmachineofthefirstkind 26缔合化学吸附associationchemicaladsorption 26电池常数cellconstant 26电池电动势electromotiveforceofcells 26电池反应cellreaction 27电导conductance 27电导率conductivity 27电动势的温度系数temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce 27电动电势zetapotential 27电功electricwork 27电化学electrochemistry 27电化学极化electrochemicalpolarization 27电极电势electrodepotential 27电极反应reactionsontheelectrode 27电极种类typeofelectrodes 27电解池electrolyticcell 28电量计coulometer 28电流效率currentefficiency 28电迁移electromigration 28电迁移率electromobility 28电渗electroosmosis 28电渗析electrodialysis 28电泳electrophoresis 28丁达尔效应Dyndalleffect 28定容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume 28定容温度计ConstantvoIumethermometer 28定压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure 29定压温度计constantpressurethermometer 29定域子系统localizedparticlesystem 29动力学方程kineticequations 29动力学控制kineticscontrol 29独立子系统independentparticlesystem 29对比摩尔体积reducedmolevolume 29对比体积reducedvolume 29对比温度reducedtemperature 29对比压力reducedpressure 29对称数symmetrynumber 29对行反应reversiblereactions 29对应状态原理principleofcorrespondingstate 29多方过程polytropicprocess 30多分子层吸附理论adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers 30二级反应secondorderreaction 30二级相变secondorderphasechange 30法拉第常数faradayconstant 31法拉第定律Faraday’slaw 31反电动势backE.M.F. 31反渗透reverseosmosis 31反应分子数molecularity 31反应级数reactionorders 31反应进度extentofreaction 32反应热heatofreaction 32反应速率rateofreaction 32反应速率常数constantofreactionrate 32范德华常数vanderWaalsconstant 32范德华方程vanderWaalsequation 32范德华力vanderWaalsforce 32范德华气体vanderWaalsgases 32范特霍夫方程van’tHoffequation 32范特霍夫规则van’tHoffrule 33范特霍夫渗透压公式van’tHoffequationofosmoticpressure 33非基元反应non-elementaryreactions 33非体积功non-volumework 33非依时计量学反应timeindependentstoichiometricreactions 33菲克扩散第一定律Fick’sfirstlawofdiffusion 33沸点boilingpoint 33沸点升高elevationofboilingpoint 33费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Diracstatistics 33分布distribution 33分布数distributionnumbers 34分解电压decompositionvoltage 34分配定律distributionlaw 34分散系统dispersesystem 34分散相dispersionphase 34分体积partialvolume 34分体积定律partialvolumelaw 34分压partialpressure 34分压定律partialpressurelaw 34分子反应力学mechanicsofmolecularreactions 34分子间力intermolecularforce 34分子蒸馏moleculardistillation 35封闭系统closedsystem 35附加压力excesspressure 35弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption 35负极negativepole 35负吸附negativeadsorption 35复合反应compositereaction 35盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussaclaw 35盖斯定律Hesslaw 35甘汞电极calomelelectrode 35感胶离子序lyotropicseries 35杠杆规则leverrule 35高分子溶液macromolecularsolution 36高会溶点upperconsolutepoint 36隔离法theisolationmethod 36格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’slaw 36隔离系统isolatedsystem 37根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed 37功work 37功函workcontent 37共轭溶液conjugatesolution 37共沸温度azeotropictemperature 37构型熵configurationalentropy 37孤立系统isolatedsystem 37固溶胶solidsol 37固态混合物solidsolution 38固相线solidphaseline 38光反应photoreaction 38光化学第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry 38光化学第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry 38光敏反应photosensitizedreactions 38光谱熵spectrumentropy 38广度性质extensiveproperty 38广延量extensivequantity 38广延性质extensiveproperty 38规定熵stipulatedentropy 38过饱和溶液oversaturatedsolution 38过饱和蒸气oversaturatedvapor 38过程process 39过渡状态理论transitionstatetheory 39过冷水super-cooledwater 39过冷液体overcooledliquid 39过热液体overheatedliquid 39亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtzfunction 39亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtzfunctioncriterion 39亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy 39亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction 39焓enthalpy 39亨利常数Henryconstant 39亨利定律Henrylaw 39恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture 40恒容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume 40恒容热heatatconstantvolume 40恒外压constantexternalpressure 40恒压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure 40恒压热heatatconstantpressure 40化学动力学chemicalkinetics 40化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction 40化学反应计量系数stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction 40化学反应进度extentofchemicalreaction 41化学亲合势chemicalaffinity 41化学热力学chemicalthermodynamics 41化学势chemicalpotential 41化学势判据chemicalpotentialcriterion 41化学吸附chemisorptions 41环境environment 41环境熵变entropychangeinenvironment 41挥发度volatility 41混合熵entropyofmixing 42混合物mixture 42活度activity 42活化控制activationcontrol 42活化络合物理论activatedcomplextheory 42活化能activationenergy 43霍根-华森图Hougen-WatsonChart 43基态能级energylevelatgroundstate 43基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula 43基元反应elementaryreactions 43积分溶解热integrationheatofdissolution 43吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation 43吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation 43吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction 43吉布斯函数判据Gibbsfunctioncriterion 44吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula 44吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy 44吉氏函数Gibbsfunction 44极化电极电势polarizationpotentialofelectrode 44极化曲线polarizationcurves 44极化作用polarization 44极限摩尔电导率limitingmolarconductivity 44几率因子stericfactor 44计量式stoichiometricequation 44计量系数stoichiometriccoefficient 45价数规则ruleofvalence 45简并度degeneracy 45键焓bondenthalpy 45胶冻brothjelly 45胶核colloidalnucleus 45胶凝作用demulsification 45胶束micelle 45胶体colloid 45胶体分散系统dispersionsystemofcolloid 45胶体化学collochemistry 45胶体粒子colloidalparticles 45胶团micelle 45焦耳Joule 45焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomsonexperiment 46焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomsoncoefficient 46焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomsoneffect 46焦耳定律Joule'slaw 46接触电势contactpotential 46接触角contactangle 46节流过程throttlingprocess 46节流膨胀throttlingexpansion 46节流膨胀系数coefficientofthrottlingexpansion 46结线tieline 46结晶热heatofcrystallization 47解离化学吸附dissociationchemicaladsorption 47界面interfaces 47界面张力surfacetension 47浸湿immersionwetting 47浸湿功immersionwettingwork 47精馏rectify 47聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte 47聚沉coagulation 47聚沉值coagulationvalue 47绝对反应速率理论absolutereactionratetheory 47绝对熵absoluteentropy 47HYPERLIN