英语讲义英汉翻译

英汉翻译}

第

0

页英汉翻译徐琪ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

1

页目录英汉翻译................................................................2一、汉译英翻译技巧..................................................2二、英译汉翻译技巧..................................................5ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译

英汉翻译

目录

一、汉译英翻译技巧

二、英译汉翻译技巧

一、汉译英翻译技巧

1.直译与意译

2.思维逻辑与语言逻辑

3.词类转换

4.

增词、减词

5.正反译法

6.选词要贴切、简洁、多样、通俗易懂

1.直译与意译

直译并非死译，而是基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译，直译的宗旨是忠实；

意译在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应调整，更

强调译文的效果。

如：我们的朋友遍布全球。

Our

friends

are

all

over

the

world.(直译)

We

have

friends

all

over

the

world.（意译）

2.思维逻辑与语言逻辑

同时，我们又向各国人民介绍他们所感兴趣的事物。

At

the

same

time,

we

will

introduce

the

interesting

things

to

the

people

of

other

nations.to

theAt

the

same

time,

we

will

introduce

to

the

people

of

other

nationsthings

of

our

own

which

will

interest

them.大熊猫一胎能产两只熊猫仔。A

giant

panda

gives

birth

to

two

at

a

time.

}

第

2

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

3

页An

adult

female

panda

gives

birth

to

two

at

a

time.3.词类转换小记者——teenage

reporter紧急报告——SOS深感忧虑——deeply

concerned近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。Recent

research

discoveries

indicate

that

flu

can

be

spread

by

hand

contacts.4.

增词、减词近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。Recent

research

discoveries

indicate

that

flu

can

be

spread

by

hand

contacts.百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象。People

do

not

even

have

matches

to

light

their

stoves.5.正反译法对于汉译英，你越细心越好。For

Chinese-English

translation,

the

more

careful

you

are,

the

better

you

willtranslate.You

can

never

be

too

careful

about

Chinese-English

translation.这个问题我不懂。I

don’t

understand

the

problem.The

problem

is

above

me.她来的正是时候。She

just

came

at

the

right

time.She

couldn’t

have

come

at

a

better

time.6.选词要贴切、简洁、多样、通俗易懂翻译中要特别重视选词，要对原文和译文所用词语在词义的搭配范围、语义轻重，感情色彩等方面进行考虑。如：围墙一倒，事情来了。As

the

wall

fell

down,

things

came.With

the

wall

down,

troublesome

things

began

to

happen.北京是中国的首都，名胜古迹甚多。ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

4

页Beijing

is

the

capital

city

in

China,

and

it

has

many

places

of

interests.Beijing,

the

capital

of

China,

has

quite

many

places

of

historic

interestsand

scenic

beauty.汉译英练习题1.我们大家深受感动，结果把所有的零用钱都给了那个穷男孩。2.他们夜以继日地工作，为了能按时修建起这座大桥。3.我认为买一本大的英汉词典很有必要。4.他的话听起来很合理，但是我们不知道他是否说了实话。5.我们宁可步行也不愿意挤乘这么拥挤的公共汽车去学校。6.他说什么并没有关系，重要的是他怎么干。7.碰巧我带着一张上海地图，因此没有迷路。8

这己不是我第一次来上海了。我第一次来上海时对所见所闻都觉得有趣。9.除非你说实话，否则你不会得到我们的帮助。10.你打个电话给她，她马上就会把你所需要的东西送来的。参考答案：1、We

were

all

so

moved

that

we

gave

all

our

pocketmoney

to

the

poor

boy.2、They

worked

day

and

night

sothat

they

could

build

the

bridge

on

time.3、I

think

it

necessary

to

buy

a

big

English-Chinese

dictionary.4、What

he

said

sounded

reasonable,

but

we

wondered

if

he

had

really

told

thetruth.5、We

wouldrather

go

to

school

on

foot

than

push

our

way

into

the

crowdedbuses.6、It

doesn't

matter

what

he

says.

What

is

important

is

how

he

works.7、It

so

happened

that

I

had

a

map

of

Shanghai

with

me,

so

I

didn't

get

lost.8、It‘s

not

the

first

time

that

I

have

visited

Shanghai.

When

I

came

for

thefirst

time,

everything

I

saw

and

heard

seemed

interesting

to

me。9、You

won't

get

our

help

unless

you

tell

us

the

truth.10、Call

her

and

she

will

immediately

bring

you

what

you

need.ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

5

页二、英译汉翻译技巧1.了解英汉表达手段的区别2.通过语境吃透全文3.翻译技巧4.做题步骤1.了解英汉表达手段的区别1）英语习惯用被动语态，汉语习惯用主动语态汉语句子时常没有主语，而英语句子除了特殊情况（如祈使句、感叹句）以外，不能没有主语。如：Something

must

be

done

to

protect

our

environment

from

further

pollution.必须采取措施，使我们的环境免受进一步的污染。2）英语习惯用长句（从句）

，汉语习惯用单句。运用分译法，用汉语的短句来表达英语的长句。In

warmed

areas

primitive

man

use

branches

to

make

a

framework

which

werecovered

with

leaves.在气温较为温暖的地方，原始人类能用树枝搭建屋架，外面用树叶遮盖。3）英语习惯用名词来表示行为动作，汉语则相反He

paid

a

visit

to

an

exhibition

of

advanced

science

and

technology

on

Sunday.星期天他参观了一个高科技展览。4）表达时间、空间时，英语习惯先小后大，汉语则相反He

was

born

in

an

out-of-way

mountain

village

in

South

China

at

2

a.m.

on

May6,

1968.他于

1968

年

5

月

6

日凌晨两点出生于中国南部一个偏僻的小山村里。2.通过语境吃透全文1）认真把握多义词在语境中的特定含义What

you

said

sound

reasonable.你说的话听起来有道理。His

father

gave

him

a

sound

beating.ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

6

页他爸爸痛打他一顿。2）注意习惯用语的理解I

know

this

fellow

from

A

to

Z.这家伙我非常了解。3）确定代词在上下文中的指代关系We

have

365

days

in

a

year.一年有

365

天。A

big

nation

has

its

problems,

a

small

nation

has

its

advantages.大国有大国的问题，小国有小国的有利条件。3.翻译技巧1）增译法He

did

not

really

represent

their

opinions

to

the

higher-ups,

although

heclaimed

he

did.他没有真正地把他们的意见反映给上级，尽管他说已经反映过了。Reading

makes

a

full

man;

conference

a

ready

man;

writing

an

exact

man.读书使人充实；讨论使人机智；写作使人准确。2）省译法You

will

be

staying

in

this

hotel

during

your

visit

in

Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。

（省译物主代词）I

hope

you

will

enjoy

your

stay

here.(省译物主代词)希望您在这过得愉快。3）转换法（转换词性、句子成分、句型、语态）I

am

all

for

your

opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。

（介词转动词）The

new

contract

would

be

good

for

5

years.该新合同的有效期为

5

年。

（形容词转名词）In

some

of

the

European

countries,

the

people

are

given

the

biggest

socialbenefits

such

as

medical

insurance.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。

（被动语态转主动语态）4）倒置法ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

7

页I

believe

strongly

that

it

is

in

the

interest

of

my

countrymen

the

Britainshould

remain

an

active

and

energetic

member

of

the

European

Community.我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。

（部分倒置）Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

China

since

the

introduction

of

the

reformand

opening

policy.改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。

（全部倒置）5）被动句的翻译His

house

is

located

on

the

edge

of

the

city.他的房子坐落在市区边缘。What

measures

have

been

or

are

being

adopted

by

the

local

government

to

reduceair

pollution?当地政府已经采取了或正在采取哪些措施来降低空气的污染程度？Only

those

parts

of

the

moon

which

are

lighted

up

by

the

sun

are

bright.月亮只有太阳照射的那些部分才是明亮的。Something

must

be

done

to

stop

the

pollution.必须采取措施来制止污染。4.做题步骤1）了解段落大意2）理解和表达3）校改英译汉练习题1.He

broke

her

heart

by

telling

her

that

he

didn’t

love

her

anymore.2.

He

really

wants

to

have

a

break

of

all

his

hamburgers

everyday.3.We

also

realized

the

growing

need

and

necessity

to

industrialize

certainsectors

of

the

country.4.

His

real

mission

in

life

was

to

contribute,

in

one

way

or

other,

to

theoverthrow

of

ruthless

dictators.5.

This

pessimistic

forecast

speaks

of

the

destruction

of

the

balance

ofnature---pollution,

waste

and

hunger.参考答案：1

当他告诉她再也不再爱她了的时候，她的心都碎了。ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

8

页2

他实在不想继续天天吃汉堡包了。3

我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门工业化。4

他一生的真正使命是想办法为打倒残忍的独裁者做出贡献。5、这个悲观的预言家指出了由污染、浪费以及饥荒打乱自然平衡带来的破坏。ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ英汉翻译}

第

9

页图

1-3-5ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ金融理论汇率资产组合分析法（PortfolioApproach）是在上一世纪的70年代前后形成的。最早的提出者是麦金农(Mckinnon)、奥茨(Oates)等。1975年美国普林斯顿大学教授布郎森（W·Branson）在托宾的货币模型的基础上，建立了资产组合分析模型。以后经过许多人的研究，形成了多种形式的资产组合理论。金融理论资产