英语讲义重点词汇

重点词汇}

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页重点词汇徐琪ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇}

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页目录重点词汇讲解2一、名词2二、动词13三、形容词16四、连词20ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

重点词汇讲解

重点词汇

一、名词

二、动词

三、形容词

四、连词

一、名词

名词(noun，缩写为

n.)是人和事物的名称，

如：pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)

（一）名词的分类

1.普通名词

2.专有名词

1.普通名词

普通名词(common

noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的

名称。

1)类名词(class

noun)

表示人或事物属于某一类。如：tractor

拖拉机factory

工厂

panda

熊猫teacher

教员assistant

助手

host

主人2)集体名词(collective

noun)

是一些人或物的总称。如：class

阶级，班herd

兽群crowd

人群

army

军队couple

夫妇

faculty

全体教师3)物质名词(material

noun)

表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如：steel

钢fire

火gram

粮食cotton

棉花}

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇silk

丝wool

羊毛4)抽象名词(abstract

noun)表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如：happiness

幸福life

生活work

工作improvement

提高Honesty

诚实love

热爱2.专有名词表示人名、地名、书名、机构名、日期名、节日或某一事物专有名称的词称为专有名词。Liu

Xiang

刘翔

the

Bay

of

Tokyo

东京湾The

UNESCO

联合国教科文组织CIA

中央情报局The

Communist

Party

of

China

中国共产党The

Great

Hall

of

the

People

人民大会堂一）人名

（1）

英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。例如：

Mary

Smith；George

Washington。（2）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人.例如：The

Turners

have

gone

to

America．特纳一家人去美国了。二）地名（1）大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如：Asia；America；London；Shanghai（2）大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如：Silver

Lake；Mount

Tai（3）山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如：the

Pacific；the

English

Channel；（二）名词的数1.可数名词（

countable

noun）book，room，house2.不可数名词

(uncountable

noun)food，water，meat3.可数名词与不可数的用法区别

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

可数名词与不可数的用法区别

1）可数名词有单、复数之分，

如：map-maps,

onion-onions,

baker-bakers;

不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式，

如：some

water,

a

lot

of

bread

2)单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词

a（an）

；而不可数名词前不能用

a

（an）来修饰。如：Iam

a

teacher.

There

is

some

water

in

the

bottle.

表示特指时，可数名词和不可数名词前都要用定冠词

the。

如：Pass

me

the

ball,

please.3)可数名词表示复数意义时可用

many

等词修饰，如：many

apples,

a

lot

of

tomatoes,

a

few

pens不可数名词则要用

much,

a

little

等修饰，如：much

meat,

little

water可数名词和不可数名词都可以被

some,

any,

a

lot

of

等修饰，如：some

eggs/paper4)可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰，如：three

women,

ten

babies不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词（可数名词）+of+不可数名词”如：two

glasses

of

milk

a

piece

of

meat5)可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式如：A

bus

is

coming.

Ten

buses

are

coming.

There

is

some

rice

in

the

bowl.

There

are

two

bags

of

rice

in

the

room.6）对可数名词的数量进行提问用

how

many;对不可数名词的数量进行提问要用

howmuch.如:对

I

can

see

two

pictures

on

the

wall.提问要用：

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重点词汇How

many

pictures

can

you

see

on

the

wall?对

There

is

some

water

in

the

bottle.提问要用：How

much

water

is

there

in

the

bottle?How

many

bottles

of

water

are

there

in

the

desk?7)有些名词也是可数名词，

但是以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如

people,

police,family;而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如

clothes,

glasses(眼镜)等；有些名词单复数相同，如：Chinese,

Japanese,

sheep.如：Chinese

people

arehardworking

and

brave.（一）可数名词及其复数形式（二）可数名词复数形式的不规则构成1）变

oo

为

eeFoot-feet,

tooth-teeth2）变

man

为

menWoman-women，fireman-firemen3）单复数形式相同People-people（人民/们），deer-deer（鹿）4）表示民族的名词的单复数变化：I.中日不变：Chinese-Chinese,

Japanese-Japanese

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

II.III.英法把

man

变

men：Englishman-Englishmen其他一般加-s：Russian-Russians,

German-Germans（三）名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加’s

构成（多指有生命）

；另一种由介词

of

加名词构成（多指无生命）。例如：Children’s

Palace

少年宫Tom’s

bikethe

title

of

the

book

书名the

legs

of

the

table

桌子的腿（三）名词所有格的形式1）加“’s”构成表示有生命的人或物的所有格，一般在词尾加“’s”如：

the

girl’s

father，the

student’s

book表示时间、距离、国家、价值等无生命的名词，也可以加

“’s”，如：today’s

newspaper,

two

hours’

walk，Qingdao’s

park，the

moon’s

rays(月光)，

twenty

dollars’

value，

five

miles’

distance2)在词尾加“’”构成以

s,

es

结尾的名词，一般只加“’”构成，如：

the

children’s

holiday,workers’right3)以

s

结尾的人名，可以加“’s”，也可加“’”，如：Thomas’s

brother

托马斯的兄弟

Thomas’

brother4）表示各自的所有关系，不是共有的，则要分别在名词末尾加“’s”，如：John’s

and

Mary’s

rooms

约翰和玛丽各自的房间

若表示共有的，则在最后一个名词的末尾加“’s”，如：John

and

Mary’s

room约翰和玛丽合住的房间5）用

of

短语表示对于无生命的东西，一般用

of

短语表示所有关系，如：the

legs

of

the

chair有生命的名词较长或较长名词做定语时常用

of

短语表示所有关系，

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重点词汇如：the

story

of

Dr.

Smith,

the

name

of

my

sister’s

friend名词真题练习1.

_____there

any

water

in

the

bottle?A)HaveB)

HasC)

AreD)

Is2.

There

_____two

glasses

of

milk

on

the

table

in

the

room.A)haveB)hasC)

areD)is3I

still

want

two

_____of

clothing

for

the

coming

party.A)articles

B)

piecesC)

bits

D)

sections4.

A

_____of

smoke

rose

slowly

from

the

roof

of

the

hut.A)pieceB)

columnC)

streamD)

bar5.

Some

_____have

been

brought

in

from

the

car.A)packageB)

packagesC)

the

packageD)

the

packages6.

The

elderly

_____increasingly

asserting

their

rights.A)is

beingB)

are

beingC)

isD)

are7.

He

then

took

_____

butter,

with

the

result

that

hardly

any

was

left

forthe

rest

of

us.A)a

fewB)a

littleC)

manyD)a

number

of8.

I

have

fewer

_____than

I

did

at

the

beginning

of

the

term.A)C)homeworkhomeworksB)D)homework

assignmenthomework

assignments9.

This

is

_____.She

wrote

her

name

on

the

first

page.A)a

Sherry’s

bookC)Sherry’s

bookB)a

book

of

SherryD)Sherry’s

a

book10.

Do

you

know

_____

?

He

seems

to

know

you

well.A)C)the

name

of

the

manthe

man’s

the

nameB)

the

name

of

the

man’sD)

name

of

the

man’s11.

_____

new

baby

is

very

lovely.A)Sally’s

and

Tom’sB)Sally

and

Tom’sC)Sally’

s

andTom

D)Sally

and

TomÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

12.He

stood

at

_____

.A)the

foot

of

the

bedC)the

bed’s

the

foot专业术语

account

number

depositor

pay－in

slip

a

deposit

form

a

banding

machine

to

deposit

deposit

receipt

private

deposits

certificate

of

deposit

deposit

book，

passbook

credit

card

principal

overdraft，

overdraw

to

counter

sign

to

endorse

endorser

to

cash

to

honor

a

cheque

to

dishonor

a

cheque

to

suspend

payment

cheque，check

cheque

book

order

cheque

bearer

cheque

crossed

cheque

blank

chequeB)the

bed’s

footD)the

foot

of

bed’s

帐目编号

存户

存款单

存款单

自动存取机

存款

存款收据

私人存款

存单

存折

信用卡

本金

透支

双签

背书

背书人

兑现

兑付

拒付

止付

支票

支票本

记名支票

不记名支票

横线支票

空白支票}

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇rubber

chequecheque

stub，

counterfoilcash

chequetraveler's

chequecheque

for

transferoutstanding

chequecanceled

chequeforged

chequeBandar's

notebankerpresidentsavings

bankChase

BankNational

City

Bank

of

New

York空头支票

票根

现金支票

旅行支票

转帐支票

未付支票

已付支票

伪支票

庄票，银票

银行家

行长

储蓄银行

大通银行

花旗银行Hongkong

Shanghai

Banking

Corporation

汇丰银行Chartered

Bank

of

India，

Australia

and

China

麦加利银行Banque

de

I'IndoChine东方汇理银行central

bank，

national

bank，

banker's

bank

中央银行bank

of

issue，

bank

of

circulation发行币银行commercial

bankmember

bank，

credit

bankdiscount

bankexchange

bankrequesting

bankissuing

bank，

opening

bankadvising

bank，

notifying

banknegotiation

bankconfirming

bankpaying

bankassociate

banker

of

collection商业银行，储蓄信贷银行储蓄信贷银行

贴现银行

汇兑银行

委托开证银行

开证银行

通知银行

议付银行

保兑银行

付款银行

代收银行

}

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consigned

banker

of

collection

委托银行clearing

banklocal

bankdomestic

bankoverseas

bankunincorporated

bankbranch

banktrustee

savings

banktrust

companyfinancial

trustunit

trusttrust

institutioncredit

department清算银行本地银行国内银行国外银行钱庄银行分行信托储蓄银行信托公司金融信托公司信托投资公司银行的信托部银行的信用部commercial

credit

company（discount

company）商业信贷公

司（贴现公司）neighborhood

savings

bank，

bank

of

deposit街道储蓄所credit

unioncredit

bureauself－service

bankland

bankconstruction

bank合作银行商业兴信所无人银行土地银行建设银行industrial

and

commercial

bank

工商银行bank

of

communicationsmutual

savings

bankpost

office

savings

bank交通银行互助储蓄银行邮局储蓄银行mortgage

bank，

building

society

抵押银行industrial

bankhome

loan

bankreserve

bankchartered

bankcorresponding

bank实业银行家宅贷款银行准备银行特许银行往来银行}

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ}

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重点词汇merchant

bank，

accepting

bank

承兑银行investment

bank投资银行import

and

export

bank

（EXIMBANK）进出口银行joint

venture

bankmoney

shop，

native

bankcredit

cooperativesclearing

housepublic

accountingbusiness

accounting

cost

accountingdepreciation

accountingcomputerized

accountinggeneral

ledgersubsidiary

ledgercash

bookcash

accountjournal，

day－bookbad

debtsinvestmentsurplusidle

capitaleconomic

cycleeconomic

boomeconomic

recessioneconomic

depressioneconomic

crisiseconomic

recoveryinflationdeflationdevaluation

合资银行

钱庄

信用社

票据交换所

公共会计

商业会计

成本会计

折旧会计

电脑化会计

总帐

分户帐

现金出纳帐

现金帐

日记帐，流水帐

坏帐

投资

结余

游资

经济周期

经济繁荣

经济衰退

经济萧条

经济危机

经济复苏

通货膨胀

通货收缩

货币贬值ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇revaluation货币增值international

balance

of

payment国际收支favourable

balanceadverse

balancehard

currencysoft

currencyinternational

monetary

systemthe

purchasing

power

of

moneymoney

in

circulationnote

issuenational

budgetnational

gross

productpublic

bondstock，

sharedebenturetreasury

billdebt

chaindirect

exchangeindirect

exchangecross

rate，

arbitrage

rate顺差逆差硬通货软通货国际货币制度货币购买力货币流通量纸币发行量国家预算国民生产总值公债股票债券国库券债务链直接（对角）套汇间接（三角）套汇套汇汇率foreign

currency

（exchange）

reserve

外汇储备foreign

exchange

fluctuationforeign

exchange

crisisdiscountdiscount

rate，

bank

rategold

reservemoney

（financial）

marketstock

exchangebrokercommission外汇波动外汇危机贴现贴现率黄金储备金融市场股票交易所经纪人佣金}

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇bookkeepingbookkeeperan

application

formbank

statementletter

of

creditstrong

room，

vaultequitable

tax

systemspecimen

signature簿记簿记员申请单对帐单信用证保险库等价税则签字式样

banking

hours，

business

hours

营业时间二、动词动词(verb，缩写为

v)表示动作和状态，如

write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)等。动词的分类（一）行为动词（二）连系动词（三）助动词（四）情态动词（一）行为动词行为动词可分为及物动词

(vt)和不及物动词(vi)：1.及物动词（vt）表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语，如：He

always

does

his

homework

at

home.

I

have

lunch

at

school

every

day.

Can

you

sing

an

English

song?2.不及物动词（vi）表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语,如：Don’t

play

in

the

street.

The

farmer

told

the

boys

not

to

walk

in

the

fields.3.很多动词既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，

}

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ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

如：Don’t

play

with

fire.(不及物)

They

are

playing

football

on

the

playground.(及物)

Don’t

walk

in

the

grass.

(不及物)

He

usually

walks

his

dog

after

supper.

(及物)

（二）连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的词义，不能独立作谓语，与表语一起构成谓语。

连系动词有

be,

get,

turn,

become,

look,

feel,

grow,

seem,

sound,

taste,

smell

等（作用同系动词）

如：

Our

country

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.

The

leaves

turn

yellow

in

autumn.

The

weather

gets

colder

and

colder.

The

teacher

looked

angry

at

that

time.

（三）助动词

助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表

示否定、

疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征

be,do,have,shall,will

等。

1.助动词

be（am,

is,

are,

was,

were）用来构成进行时态和被动语态，或与动词

不定式一起构成复合谓语，表示根据安排将要发生的事，应该做的事以及可能要做的

事。如：

We

are

having

a

meeting

now.

（现在进行时）

The

book

was

written

by

Lu

Xun.

（被动语态）

Where

are

we

to

meet?

（与不定时构成复合谓语）

2.助动词

have（has，had）用于构成完成时态，如：

I

have

studied

English

for

a

long

time.

(现在完成时)

He

had

been

a

soldier

when

he

was

twenty

years

old.

（过去完成时）

3.助动词

do（does，did）用于构成疑问句和否定句；用于强调句加强说话的语气以

及代替前面刚出现的动词（避免重复）等。如：Do

you

live

in

China?——Yes,

I

do.(一般疑问句)He

didn’t

live

in

Japan.

（否定句）Do

be

quiet,

children!

（加强语气）

}

第

14

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ

重点词汇4.助动词

shall

和

will

用于构成将来时，shall

仅用于第一人称，will

可用于任何人称。如：I

shall/will

be

twenty

next

year.He

won’t

come

tomorrow.（四）情态动词情态动词有一定的意义，一般无人称和数的变化，和不带

to

的动词不定式一起构成谓语，表示人的语气和情感。英语中的情态动词有：can/could

能，可能

may/might

可能，也许Must

必须have

to

不得不Shall/should

应该will/would

愿意，要动词真题练习1.

Do

you

often_____

music

in

your

spare

time?A)listenC)listen

onB)listen

byD)listen

to2.

_____,

there’s

a

bus

coming!A)Look

forB)Look

outC)Look

afterD)Look

up3.

The

children

are

_____

by

the

nurse.B)taken

hold

ofD)taken

advantage

ofA)taken

good

care

ofC)taken

the

place

of

4.Have

they

_____

a

solution?A)come

underC)come

outB)come

up

withD)come

across5.

It

_______

like

the

singing

of

the

birds.

A.soundsC.

smellsB.looksD.

tastes6.

This

kind

of

paper

_______

nice.A.feelC.

is

feelingB.feltD.

feels7.Coffee

is

ready.

How

nice

it

_______!

Would

you

like

some?

}

第

15

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇A.looksC.

soundsB.smellsD.

feels8.He

_______

pale

at

the

thought.A.gotC.

turnedB.lookedD.

seemed9.

At

that

time

we

thought

the

story_____

not

be

true.A)couldB)was

ableC)is

ableD)must10.

You_____

the

work

better.A)could

didC)could

have

doneB)can

have

doneD)must

did11.

He_____

seen

the

film.A)might

not

haveB)may

notC)maybe

notD)maybe

has

not12.

You

ate

very

little

at

breakfast

today

.

You_____

hungry

now.A)areB)can

beC)must

beD)need

to

be三、形容词形容词(adjective)，简称

adj.或

a，用来修饰名词或代词，

表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。

在句中作定语，

表语，

宾语，补语。如：a

lovely

baby一个可爱的婴儿the

beautiful

picture那幅美丽的图画目录（一）形容词的用法（二）形容词在句中的作用（一）形容词的用法1.形容词原级的用法1）表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，形容词用原级。结构为“as+形容词原级+as”，如：I

am

as

tall

as

Lily.

}

第

16

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇}

第

17

页He

is

as

thin

as

I.Lesson

Five

is

as

hard

as

Lesson

Ten.2）表示双方不相等时，用“not

as/so+形容词原级+as”，如：They

are

not

as/so

friendly

as

before.He

is

not

as/so

old

as

you.Lily

is

not

as

careful

as

Linda.3）表示一方是另一方的“多少倍”时，用“……times

as

+原级+as

”结构，如：The

book

costs

three

times

as

much

as

that

one.The

stone

is

five

times

as

heavy

as

the

wood.2.形容词比较级的用法比较级用于二者的比较

（形容词

+

后缀

–er”

或“more

+

形容词）,其结构是：

“形容词的比较级+than”如：It

is

colder

than

(it

was)

yesterday.There

are

more

children

in

this

nursery

than(there

are

children)

in

that

one.这个托儿所的孩子比那个托儿所多。3.形容词最高级的用法最高级用于三者或三者以上人或事物的比较（“形容词

+

后缀

-est

”或“most

+

形容词”),其结构是：

“A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of/in…”如：Spring

is

the

best

season

of

the

year.She

is

the

youngest

in

the

classs.4.“Which/Who

is

+形容词比较级或最高级+其他?”“哪一个/谁更……或最……？”1）表示比较级时用“Which/Who

is

+形容词比较级，A

or

B？”Which

is

better,

milk

or

tea?Who

is

better,

Tom

or

Jim?2）表示最高级时用ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇}

第

18

页“Which/Who

is

+形容词最高级，A

,

B

or

C？”Which

is

the

best,

Class

One,

Class

Two

or

Class

Three?Who

is

the

tallest,

Katie,Tom

or

Jim?（二）形容词在句中的作用1.

作定语2.

作表语3.

作宾语补足语4.

作主语和宾语5.

其他1.形容词作定语一般置于名词之前，起强调、修饰的作用，如：This

is

a

medical

school.特殊情况，位于名词之后，如：All

the

people

enough

at

the

party

were

his

supporters.如果有两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序是：（限定词+程度副词）描绘型形容词+形状（大小、高度、长短等）+年龄或新旧+颜色+国籍或产地+材料+用途+名词，如：This

is

a

nice

small

new

brown

Japanese

wooden

desk.2.形容词作表语主要指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词，归纳起来有以下几类：1）某些以

a-开头的的形容词，如：afraid,

alive,

alone,

asleep2）某些表示健康的形容词，如：fine,

ill,

well3）某些描述感情或心情的形容词，如：glad,

pleased,

sorry4）其他如：sure,

fond,

ready,

unable

等3.形容词作宾语补足语形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语，如：ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ

重点词汇Have

you

got

everything

ready

for

the

journey?We

keep

our

rooms

clean

and

tidy.4.形容词作主语和宾语某些形容词前用定冠词

the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。1）

“the+形容词”表示某一类人或事物，如：the

deaf

聋子；the

young

年轻人2）

“the+形容词”表示某国人，如：the

English

英格兰人；the

French

法国人5.形容词作其他有些形容词说明事物间的关系、用途、时间和方位，他们没有级

的变化，不可用程度副词修饰，如：eastern

东方的；Chinese

中国的；permanent

永久的；

different

不同的形容词真题练习1.

1.This

box

is___

that

one.A.heavy

thanB.so

heavy

thanC.heavierasD.as

heavy

as2.

When

we

speakto

people,

we

should

be.A.as

polite

as

possibleB.

as

polite

as

possiblyC.as

politely

as

possibleD.as

politely

as

possibly3.

I

think

the

story

is

not

so

___

as

that

one.A.C.interestingmore

interestingB.

interestedD.

most

interesting4.Maths

is

more

popular

than____.A.anyother

subjectB.allthe

subjectsC.anysubjectD.

other

subject5.Whenspringcomes,it

gets____.A.warm

and

warmB.

colder

and

colderC.warmer

andwarmerD.shorterand

shorter6.By

and

by,

____

studentsinour

class

came

to

like

English.

}

第

19

页ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇A.more

and

moreB.much

and

muchC.many

and

manyD.

less

and

least7.The

bookstore

does

not

prepare____

books

for

all

students

in

the

class.A)

plenty

ofB)

as

manyC)

enough

ofD)

enough8.

The

woman____

is

Mrs.

Smith.A)

wears

a

blue

dark

skirtC)

with

a

blue

dark

skirtB)

with

the

blue

dark

skirtD)

with

the

dark

blue

skirt9.

She

has

bought

herself_____

dress.A)a

cotton

,purple

,expensiveC)a

purple

,expensive

cottonB)an

expensive,

purple

cottonD)a

cotton

,

expensive

purple10.

The

book

was______

that

I

couldn’t

afford

it

.A)so

expensiveC)too

much

expensiveB)too

expensiveD)very

expensive11.

My

new

glasses

cost

me

____the

last

pair

that

I

bought.A)times

threeC)three

times

moreB)

three

times

as

much

asD)as

much

as

three

times.12.

The

moon

is

about

______

in

diameter

as

the

earth

.A)one-third

as

largeC)as

large

one

thirdB)as

one-third

largeD)one

third

large

as四、连词连词（conjunction）在句中的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。它不能在句中单独作句子成分。如：Lily

and

LucyBoth

you

and

I

are

going

to

attend

meeting

tomorrow.目录（一）并列连词（二）从属连词

}

第

20

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ

重点词汇（一）并列连词并列连词可以分为以下四类：1.并列关系2.转折关系3.选择关系4.因果关系1.并列关系指连接并列的词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子，如：and,or,but,for,

both……and……,not

only……but

also……，either……or……neither……nor……1）both……and……连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数，如：Both

he

and

I

are

students.2）not

only……but

also……I.连接两个主语时，

谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致，

即采用就近原则。如：Not

only

he

but

also

I

am

a

student.II.

not

only……but

also……引导的句子可转化成as

well

as

的结构The

cat

is

not

only

naughty

but

also

cute.=

The

cat

is

naughty

as

well

as

cute.3)

neither……nor……连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：Neither

you

nor

he

is

right.4)

as

well

as

与主语连用时，其谓语动词应与其前面的主语在数上保持一致。如：He

as

well

as

I

is

a

student.2.转折关系表示两个概念彼此有转折关系，常见的连词有：but,

yet,

while,

however

等。如：I

would

like

to

go,

but

I

can’t.She

always

goes

swimming,

however

cold

it

is

.

}

第

21

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ重点词汇

3.选择关系

表示两者之间选择其一，常见的连词有

either……or……

,

or,

or

else

等。

Do

you

play

basketball

or

football?

Either

you

or

he

is

right.(不是你对就是他对)

You

must

get

up

early

or

you

won’t

catch

the

early

bus.

4.因果关系

表示因果关系，连接的双方，互为因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的连词有：for,

so,

therefore.It

must

have

rained,

for

the

ground

is

wet.Because

I

got

up

late,

I

didn’t

come

to

school

in

time.（二）从属连词从属连词引导状语从句、宾语从句及其他从句的连词。引导状语从句的从属连词有after,

when,

while,

before,as

soon

as,

since,

until,

if,

so

that

等。1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词有：when.

While,

as,as

soon

as,

since

等。如：When

the

boy

came

in,

his

father

was

reading

the

newspaper.2)引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because,

as,

since

等。He

didn’t

come

to

school

because

he

was

ill.3)

引导条件状语的连词主要有：if,

even

if,

unless

等。If

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow,

we’ll

go

to

the

West

Lake.4)

连接结果状语从句的从属连词主要有：so……that,

such……that

等。He

studied

so

hard

that

he

made

great

progress.5)

连接让步状语从句的从属连词主要有though,

although,

however

等。Although

I

like

writing

English,

I

don't

like

speaking

English.６）连接目的状语从句的连接词主要有：

that,

so

that,

in

order

that

等。

He

gets

up

early

so

that

he

can

get

to

school

on

time.７）表示比较的从属连词有：than,

as/soas

}

第

22

页

ÖйúÏû·ÑÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÎĵµ×ÊÁÏ

重点词汇

He

is

taller

than

I.

He

isn't

as/so

tall

as

I.连词真题练习1.

—Oh,

I

failed

again—Don’t

lose

heart.

One

more

effort,

________

you

will

succeed.Ａ．so

thatC.

howeverB.

thereforeD.

and２.

I

asked

him

whether

he

had

done

all

the

work

himself

________

whether

hehad

had

any

assistance.A.

andC.

norB.

butD.

or3.

She

said

she

would

work

it

out

herself,

________

ask

me

for

help.

A.

and

not

toC.

and

prefer

notB.

but

notD.

rather

than4.

________

enough

time,

but

I

couldn’t

do