2020年高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

#选修选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity固考基•知识梳理I单词坦语句型分类盘点 ■［单词拼写应用］核心单词meansn.手段；方法hardshipn.苦难；困苦boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣出处于经济迅速发展时期occur沅.发生；出现luggagen.行李hire vt.&n.租用；雇用thankful”丐感激的；感谢的reform vt.&况.改革；革新n.改良；改革；改造graspvt.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会customsn.海关；关税；进口税运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。Itjustoccurred(occur)tomethatifwewantedtogototheseashoreforourvacation，wehadbettermakereservationsinadvance.IamnotcertainwhetherIhavegrasped(grasp)whatyoumeant.Lastyearhehired(hire)threelabourerstohelphisharvest.Inthemeantime,mobileonlineshoppingmarketis_booming(boom)inChina，withanannualgrowthrateof63.5%.Wheneveritis,weshouldkeepathankful(thank)hearttowardseverythingexisted.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountryreformed(reform)andopenedtotheoutsideworld40yearsago.拓展单词major”办主要的况.主修n.专业fmajorityn.大多数；大半f(反义词)minorityn.少数electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人felectionn.选举punishv.处罚；惩罚fpunishmentn.处罚；惩罚crossn.十字；交叉”办交叉的；生气的v.使交叉；横过fcrossingn.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道facrossprep.在……的对面(过)；朝；向applyvi.申请fapplicantn.申请人fapplicationn.申请书；申请indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示findicationn.迹象；标示findicator一土匕二旦旦土匕二/士旦n.指示器；指示信号apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的fapparentlyadv.显然地；显而易见地racen.种族；比赛fracialad：人种的；种族的［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(major)Parentsshouldn'tpunishthechildrenforsmallmistakes,becausetoomuchpunishmentwillleadtotheirlosingconfidence.(punish)“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing.”theboytoldthelady.(cross)AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.(apply)阅读词汇straitn.海峡Arcticadj.北极的；北极区的federaladj.联邦制的；联邦政府的aircraftn.飞行器；航空器；飞机polen.地极；电极；磁极vicen.&adj.代理；副职shavev.刮；剃tramn.（有轨）电车bakeryn.面包房；面包厂seagulln.海鸥cattlen.牛（总称）mournv.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛nephewn.侄子；外甥拓展联想.单复数意义不同的名词小结custom（风俗）fcustoms（海关）manner（方式）fmanners（礼貌）paper（纸）fpapers（文件）④art（艺术）farts（文科）⑤arm（手臂）farms（武器）⑥work（工作）fworks（作品）.带后缀-ing的名词集锦©crossing十字路口②training训练③feeling感觉④wedding婚礼©marketing促车肖©spending花销©engineering工程.后缀“-or”表示“人”的高频名词©conductor售票员；列车员②translator翻译家；译者③director导演；主管④educator教育工作者⑤editor编辑⑥inventor发明家；发明者⑦operator操作员；接线员熟词生义你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？1．Shefoundherselfrarelycheckingthesocial-networkingsite,lettingdaysorevenweeksslipbybetweenvisits.（时间）不知不觉地过去2．NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.想到3.Asvisitors,theleastwecandoisbeciviltothepeopleintheirownland.彬彬有礼的；客气的［短语多维应用］高频短语keep_up坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）live_on继续存在；继续生存make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等by_means_of用 办法；借助……occur_to_sb.某人突然想到a_great/good_many许多；很多［语境运用］选用左边短语的适当形式填空。Inthehistory,theChineseimmigrationintoCaliforniadatesbacktothe1850s.①A_great/good_manyChinesewenttoCalifornia②by_means_ofshipforgoldorjobs.Aftertheirarrival,theyhadto③make_a_lifethere,forwhichsomepeoplesufferedalot,andothers④kept_uptheirChinesecustomsto⑤live_on.高频短语take_in包括；吸收；欺骗；理解apply_for申请；请示得到mark_out用线画出范围；标出……界线back_to_back背靠背team_up_with与合作或一起工作［语境运用］选用左边短语的适当形式填空。Inthelateryears,⑥the_majority_ofimmigrantsfromChina⑦teamed_up_withthelocalAmericanstobuildtheirnewhomes.Thehard-workingChineseimmigrantsgradually⑧took_inAmericanEnglishto

12.the_majority_of大多数⑨apply_forjobs.TheydidreallymakeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofAmerica.1.“v.+out”结构短语荟萃⑤cutout删去⑥comeout出版；开③turnin上交拓①markout标出花④takein吸收；欺骗展界线2.“v.+in”结构短语⑤succeedin在联②turnout结果是聚焦取得成功想③makeout理解；辨①breakin强行闯入⑥engagein从事；参认出④workout锻炼②givein屈服；投降加；忙于［句式结构仿写］教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.Itislikelythat...有可能 。However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.有可能我们的父母能更好地理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。It_is_likely_thatourparentscanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.2.Thatiswhy…那就是……的原因。Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。Heisaddictedtocomputergames,andthat_is_whyhehastodropoutofschool.3.Itisbelievedthat...人们认为/相信。Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。It_is_commonly_believed_thattheinfluenceofbooksissogreatthatourparentsalwaysencourageustoformgoodhabitsofreadingandtoreadmorebooks.析考点.重难探究I高频考点详剖细解仍—海叱精讲4个考纲单词.meansn.手段；方法(1)单句语法填空①Studentssometimessupportthemselvesbymeansofdoingpart-timejobs.②Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try),butnonehasworked.③Allpossiblemeanshave_been_tried(try),butnonehasworked.④(2018。江苏卷)Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeans(mean)differentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(2)［链接写作］——句式升级(普通表达)Punishmentisbynomeansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.(高级表达)By_no_means_is_punishment_a_wise_choicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.(倒装)先理解再牢记(1)bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof用 办法；借助 byallmeans一定,务必；当然可以bynomeans决不,一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)(2)ameansofcommunication一种通讯/交流工具(3)meanvt.意味着［名师点津］means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语：①若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；②若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。.majorityn.大多数；大半(1)单句语法填空

Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare(be)againstit.②(2016•北京卷)Infact,heinspiresmetomajorinEnglishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.(2)［链接写作］——词汇升级(普通表达)Whenitcomestoeducation,mostpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.(高级表达)Whenitcomestoeducation,the_majority_ofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.先理解再牢记(1)a/themajorityof…大多数 (谓语动词用复数)beina/themajority构成大部分/大多数(2)majorn.&v.专业；主修majorin主修 ；以 为专业(3)minorityn.少数intheminority占少数［佳句背诵］(2016。天津卷)Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.occur式.发生；出现(1)单句语法填空①(2018。全国卷II)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,somethingoccurred(occur)tome.Itdidn'toccurtohertoaskforhelp.(2)［链接写作］——一句多译他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。It_hit_him_thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(hit)It_struck_him_thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(strike)先理解再牢记sth.occurstosb.某人想到某事「todosth.Itoccurstosbjthat...某人想到做某事ItoccursItstrikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……［佳句背诵］Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred.ndicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示(1)单句语法填空①Thereisagreatdealofevidenceindicating(indicate)thatlisteningtosoftmusiccanreducestress.②Asis_indicated(indicate)inthesurvey,moreandmorepeoplechoosetotravelabroad.③Thewayapersonisdressedinisagoodindication(indicate)ofhis/hercharacterorpersonality.(2)［链接写作］——完成句子图画显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。As_is_indicated_in_the_picture,aboyissittingatthetable,absorbedinreading.先理解再牢记(1)indicatesth.(tosb.)(向某人)暗示某事indicatethat/wh-clause表示 ；示意 (2)indicationn.暗示；表示；预兆［佳句背诵］(2016。四川卷)Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleep.诠释2个核心短语.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 阖霎(1)单句语法填空 笆蛾①Shehadtolookforpart-timebabysittingjobstheseyearsto_make(make)aliving.②Thevillage,whichhadseemeddeserted,immediatelycametolife.⑵［链接写作］——完成句子汤姆是一位能靠打鱼谋生的人。Tomisamanwhocanmake_a_living_byfishing.先理解再牢记(1)makealivinglearnone'sliving维持生计，谋生

（2）live/leada...life过着……生活come(back)tolife苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring...backtolife使 苏醒过来；给 活力.takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留(1)写出下列句中takein的含义①（2016。四川卷）Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.吸收Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺骗ItwasseveralminutesbeforeItookinwhathewassaying.理解Imanagedtorentahousebigenoughtotakeinpeople.收留（2）［链接写作］——词汇升级（普通表达）Ilistenedtothespeechcarefully,butIstillcouldn'tunderstand.（高级表达）Ilistenedtothespeechcarefully，butIstillcouldn'ttake_anything_in.先理解再牢记takeapart拆开takedown拿下，记下takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占用；占据；开始从事［佳句背诵］（2018・浙江卷）NowthatIhaveanadvantageoverotherapplicants，I'meagertobetakenonforthisvoluntaryjob.突破1个高考句型（教材P2）That_is_whytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。［要点提炼］why…为表语从句，意为“这/那就是……的原因”。(1)单句语法填空①(2018。浙江卷)IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandiseasytogetalongwith.That'swhyI'mwritingtoapplyforthejob.②ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.(2)［链接写作］——一句多译他有重要的事情要处理，这就是他没参加会议的原因。①Hehadanurgentthingtodealwithandthat_was_whyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.②Hedidn'tattendthemeetingandthat's_becausehehadanurgentthingtodealwith.先理解再牢记(1)That'swhy…那就是为什么 (why从句表示结果)(2)That'sbecause…那是因为 (because从句表示原因)(3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……［佳句背诵］Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.提考能•素养达标I-刷比将应用健轨高考【单句练习一夯实基础】।.单句语法填空Thegovernmentismadeupof120officialselected(elect)bythepeopleofthecountry.Withthetouristtradebooming(boom),theresidentsofthisareaarepayingmoreattentiontotheprotectionofnature.Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmanyapplicants(applicant).Unluckily,sheslipped(slip)andfelldownfromtheupstairs.Inspiteofdifficulties,themayorneverabandonedreforming(reform)educationsysteminourcity.Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildren，buttheywerenowhereto_be_found(find),whichmadeherveryworried.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceivepunishment(punish).Themajorityoftheintervieweesprefer(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.To_keep(keep)upwithagoodstatewithyourteachersandclassmates,youshouldlearntobeongoodtermswiththem.Thebreadwassohard；that'swhywedidn'teatit.单句改错.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideasthatwereoccurredtohim.去掉were.Fatheristhanktomeforpersuadinghimtogiveupsmoking.thank—thankful.Weregrettoinformyouthatourcompanyhasbeenhiredanothergirlforthejobofsecretary.去掉been.Havingpunishedbyhisboss，hewasinaverybadmood.Having后力口been.Infact，Ididn'trealizeitsimportanceafterIwaselectedthemonitor.去掉the6.TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadenewlifeforthemselves.made后力口a【语篇练习一提升能力】I.课文语法填空根据P1_3课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia，noonereallyknows.However,itislikelyl.thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers2.crossed(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthe3.arrival(arrive)oftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered4.greatly(great).Thousandswerekilledorforcedinto5.slavery(slave).Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However，somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans6.living(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia7.was_ruled(rule)bySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook8.theirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of9.thefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywere10.religious(religion)men,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.II.写作改错双练根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文,并改正学生习作。.众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration).据报道，成千上万的农