高中英语-动词时态讲义

高英复

动词时（一）一．

动词的种基本形式英语中动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式和过去分词。如works-working-worked-worked动词时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同间里所产生的动作或存在的状态。从种类上看英语有种态，而其中常用的有，表中斜体字表示的时态不常用。动各态称下现在过去将来过去将来

一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时

进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时

完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时

完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时二．

各种时的用法1.一般现在时（）一般现时构一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时谓语动词后要或另，和有特殊的人称形式。动一现时形：①动词除一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外其余一律用②动词除三人称单数用，其余全用。③行为动词的一般现在时形式，除第三人称单数动词原形词尾加s或es构成（其构成法和读音与名词复数同）外，其余一概用动词原形。④助动词do和does：数第三人称中用，余人称均用do构一般现在时行为动词的否定和疑问。2.在加词s时注意：1）一般情况加如：reads,says.2）以-ch,-sh,-s,-x,-o尾的词加如：teaches,washes,guesses,fixes,3)以音字母加“结尾的词把y改为”后加如，（）一现时基用：/7

1)表经常或习惯性的动作态性常用的时间状语有day,onceaweek,often,usually,always,seldom,sometimes等如SheEnglishteacher.Wealwayscareforeachother.HegetsupatsixeveryTomdoeshomeworkeveryevening.2）表示主语的特征、能力、性、身份等。如：Heworkshard.Doyousports?Thedrawswell.3）表示客观事物或普遍真理。：ThesunrisesintheTheearthisround.plustwoisfour.adoctor.4）一般现在时代替一般将来:①在由when,before,soonas,after,as,until,thetime,directly,immediately,unless,longas,incase,once等导的时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替般将来时。heback,we'llgoshoppingtogether.Iwillgotoplayifitfineafternoon.aretalkingwithhim,don'tmention5)表正在发生的动作。一般现在时，用在由here,there,in,out,down,等头倒装句中，一般式表示现在正在发生的动作。Hereshecomes.HeretheTheregoesbell.练习：1.Tomisaworker._____infactory.Hissisters_____inahospital.A.work/workB.works/workC.work/works2.Who_____Englishbestinyourclass?A.speakB.speaksC.speaking3.MrsRead_____thewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB.cleanC.cleans4.We_____musicandoften_____tomusic.A.like/listenB.likes/listensC.like/arelistening/7

2、一般去时定：一般过去时表示过去的动作或存在的状态，这个动作可以是一次，也可能是经常性的。如：①wenttotownyesterday.（一次②Iwasyoung,Itookbathregularly.（常）一过去时构：一般过去时里，动词be第一、人称单数为其他人称为were，词一律用。行为动词律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。用助动词did构行为动词的定和疑问句。一过去时用：1)过某时发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Whopointedoutthemistake?2)过经常发生的动作或存在的状态。Iincountryside,oftenswamthe3)一过去时常用的状语有yesterday,1990,twoyearsago,lastweek，theotherjustnow;inpast等。如：①yesterday.②agoodlastSunday.③gotearlywhenshewasyoung.有些情况，发生的具体时间不太清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应该用过去Hewasgladtoseeme.练习：1.We_________(enjoy)ourselvesatpartynight.2._______you______(go)theGreatWallyears3.day_______(be)ityesterday?4.Theman_______(be)illandwentseeadoctor.3.一般将时一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态来一时间段内经常有的动作或状态助词shall（第一称）／will（第二、三人称+动原”构成。另外还其他几种构成形式：①goingtodo

②be③(not)abouttodo④doing

⑤一现在时/7

▲一将来时常用的状语有：fromon,month,inthe等一般将来时的用法：1）"shallwill+动词原表示不含主观因素的单纯的时间上的将来。如：IwillfifteenyearsoldnextNexttimetodobetter.speakmoreEnglishandmorereading-aloud.Ifitrainstomorrow,willhome.IseeI’llaboutit.2）going动词原形：表示打算或准备做某事时，如不提时条等时，多用此结。自然现象也用该结构。如：Whatgoingtodothisevening?I'mgoingtofinishworkthisIamgoingtocallanoldfriendofmine.goingtorain.3)doing限于某些非延性动词（如go,come,stay,move,leave,finish等的进行时表示将来，表示按计划安排要发生的事。①finishingmywork.②iscoming.③areleavingforTibet.4)“beto动原”示吩咐、命令、约定、计划中的或按职业义务、要求即将发生的动作。还可表会··。：Hetousatalk.(=Heisgoingtogiveustalk.)Themedicinetotakenthreetimesday.Youaretocleantheroom.5）about动词原表“就要···，正要。在这种情况下可与表将来时间状语连用。如：Weaboutleave,sothereisnotimetovisitThemeetingaboutbegin.6）一般现在时表示将来：a.主句为一般将来时态soonas,until;when等导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。例：doesn’trainafternoon,we’llfootballmatch./7

练1.-_____you______freetomorrow?-No._____freeaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtowillC.Are;goingwillbeD.Are;goingtowill2.aftertomorrowhe________avolleyballA.willwatchingB.watchesC.watchingD.isgoingHey~我们起试刀下~【础】1.She_____atsixthemorning.A.getB.getsC.getting2.OnSunday_____hisclothesand_____someshopping.A.wash/doB.washing/isdoingC.washes/does3.Thetwinsusually_____andbreadforbreakfast,butJim_____somecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/C.has/have4.Ifthey________ameeting.A.B.willhaveC.D.wouldhavetobe5.Theteacherbusy.He__________(sleep)sixhoursaday.6.—How_______(be)thestudents?—Theyveryfriendly.7.Myfatheralways__________(come)fromworklate.8.We________(have)partynight.9.We__________(visit)andhome.10.Here_________(be)goodnewsfor【固】1.(2017郑外国语三)—Theheadmasterisatthebackoftheclassroom.Do______here?—Sorry,don'tknowA.C.coming

B.cameD./7

2.(2017原)—Whystandingoutsidethedoor,—I______mykeytothedoor.Ihavetountilmotherback.A.lostC.amlosing

B.loseD.losing3.(2017原)—DoofyouagreetohelptheoldmaninthatyardnextSundaymorning?—Yes,we______thereintime.A.arriveC.willarrive4.Mysister______tome.She'llbesoon.

B.arrivedD.arrivedA.B.comingC.D.came5.Theysaidthey______ouranswerthe.A.heardB.wouldhearofC.wouldhearD.will6.Themansaidlight______fasterthansound.A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel7.Ourhas________manysoftandsweet__________ourhearts.8.They____________(go)swimmingif____________(notrain)thisweekend.9.请带我参观一下你们的新校园吗？Couldyouplease_________________yournewschoolcampus?10.若是你白天感到疲惫，那就意味着你需要更多的睡眠。Ifyoufeel_________inyourdaytime,it____________tosleep.【高】1.(2017武)There______abasketballgamebetweenthesetwogradesinthethisafternoon.A.willB.goingC.goingD.willhave2.(2017兰)you______menight,I______thepiano.A.werecalling;wasplayingB.calling;playedC.called;playedD.called;wasplaying3.(2017呼浩)God!I______youwereinBeijing,too!Whenyou—IlivedBeijingsince2015./7

A.don'tknowC.haven't

B.didn'tknowD.wasn'tknown4.(2017襄)—Canyouarearrivethere?—I'mnotsure.ringupassoonasI______theretomorrow.A.arriveC.willarrive

B.arrivedD.amgoingtoarrive5.(2017信模)—Mum,canIgooutplaybasketball?—No.mustn'tgooutuntilyou______yourhomework.A.willC.finishes

B.finishD.finished6.(2017洛三)—Youneedtogotohospital.______soho