高中英语 不定式讲与练

知识点理时\语动

非谓语动词-不定式讲与练被一式tobedone进式tobedoing完式tohavedonetohavedone完进式doingI．态动词不定式的一般式常常表示该动作“做，如：IdecidegoDay.）动词不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词动作完成；Hetoknownthenews.）动词不定式的进行式表示该动作正在进行，如：Thepretendedtowhenmotherintohisbed态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形。如：greathonourbeinvitedtoMary'sbirthday（定式作主语）Itwasforlosttimetobe（定式作主语）Iwishtobetoworkthe（定式作宾语）tellwhichthecarrepaired?（定式作定语）Hethe（不定式作状语）在be构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：arethingstakecareof(tobetakencareof).但时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：todonow.(Wehavedonow.)ThereistobedoIII.动不式作不式语To）It'seasy(fordo我做这事太容易了easy,hard,impossible,comfortable,better;thefirst,thethethe不式表不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：workistoroomeveryday.Hisdoctor.不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。①bekindtotheenemyisbetothepeople.②Mypurposepointoutdifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestoffthe当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是，一是结果（例①）。当主语是ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引的名词性分句（例③），不定式明主语的内容。1

④Ouristhe⑤Whatheisawalk⑥ThebyMr.Wangis④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如our而句是现在分词作表，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别来。不式宾动+不定式affordaimarrangebebothercarecomedareexpectelect努）hopehappenhelphesitatelofferoughtplanpreparepretendrefuseseemwishundertake不式补动++不(todo)believechallengecommand（强迫）encouragefindforbidforcehireimagineimpel（驱使（诱）informinstructinviteknowlikepermitremindrequireselectstate（规定）区：词+不式；动宾+定ask,beg,needpromise,want,Ilikeeverythingtidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。Ilikeyoukeep我欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。ITom.我想和汤姆谈话。IyoutoTom.我想让你和汤姆谈话我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。be的定式结构，作补语的动词。believe,consider,think,声称设想feelfind,guess,imagine,prove,理)show,take(以为),understandWeconsiderTomtobeonebeststudentsclass.be形容词said,supposed,bebethought,known,reported,hope,wish,want,plan,expect,…Thebookbelievedbe人们认为这本书没什么意思。典型例题Charlesfirsttoinventinventingtohaving答案由considersth.排除D此只明发明这一个事实定式后用原形即可而为在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选。不式定不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：Ihavelotofhegivelight2

不式状）目的语justto(只是为……onlyto(结,仅为.inorderasto,so(such)…asto…如……以便…)Heransofastastofirst他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomeonlytosaytoyou.我仅仅是向你告别。TheyoungmanlatejusttogetgoodmarkinEnglish.）作结状，事没预到，放句后面WhatIsaidmakeHetheonlytofindnothing.表原I'mgladseeyou.Nicetoyou！frightenedtothe有关soasdo）表目；的否定式是soasnotdo。Tomkeptquietaboutthesoasnottolosejob.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Goinquietlynotthebaby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。so---劳Wouldyoubetime?劳驾，现在几点?典型例题Thechairratherhard,infactitcomfortable___.sitB.sitC.be答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。不式特句too…to…和enough…to）too…to太…至于…Heis他太激动了，说不出话来。----CanIhelpyou?需我帮忙吗----Well,I'mtheheavyforyoubutthankyouthe不了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。如too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后个词表达一种委婉含义，意为不太"nevertootomend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3)’stoocarefulofyoucrossthestreet.对于你来说在怎么小心过马路都不为过。）…t足做…Thechildoldenoughtoschooll.IV.词定的定Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…3

pretendedIpassed我过的时候，她假装没看见。省to的动不式）情动(外：）使动let,make）感动watch,look,observe,hear,listento,feel,find后宾，略。注：被语中to不省。IsawseenThebossthemworkthenight.=Theyworkthenight.）wouldrather，better+用介的to有两种用法：一为不定+动词原形；一介+名词动名词,to在下面的用法中是第二种to+名/名词：承认，to认，beaccustomedto习惯于，be习于，stickto坚持，turnto开，着手于，献身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼，pay注It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.）for常于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,interesting,impossible：forhimtwolanguages.对来说学两门外语是很难的。of的型一般用表示人物的性格德示观感情或态度的形容词good,nice,clever,。you你帮我，你真是太好了。动词不式举例：）动词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是：状，性质心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是：目，结果原因，具体，一次性，将发生的）接定式或动名词，意义相同。begindostartdoingceasetoceasecontinuedocontinuedoing）动词与不定式语义不同的有8组tostopdoingdoing3.remembertodorememberdoingregretdoregretdoingtrytodogoonafraidbeafraidto不式特句Whynot4

"Why动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为"为什么不干吗例如：Whynottakea干吗不去度课堂小．_____betterlove；lovedB.That；beC.It；lovedItbeloved．I've；nowI'mforbread_____.itbyitwitcutitwithtoit．I'mgladhimyesterday.toseenhavebeenC.nottobeennottoseen．doEnglish?-It'sa_____.tospokenC.tospeakspoken．Hewouldstayhome_____withyou.goB.toC.goingShepretendedmeIpassedby.toseeB.seeingC.tonotseehavingseenforget_____thisbooktowhenhim.toB.returningD.toreturningWebothlookingforwardtoonvacationB.goonC.goingvacationhaveon_____thewhenyouit.backB.havingbackC.backwillputback10.IregrettedthatsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosay/11.Inorderreachthehillinsixhours,try_____.toclimbthemountainB.themountainC.hardlymountaintoclimbmountain．Iwhenaboutit.readB.tohavetobereading．Hesaid_____already.sentB.sentsent14.Crossett_____visitorB.toC.beD.to15.Helikeinpublic.praisingpraisedC.praisepraised5

．careful_____patientthetruth.B.telltonotD.telling．Willyoumeproblemmyself?；toallow；workC.；workD.permit；18.Heisfirst_____andthe_____.ofcomingB.comes；C.；leaveD.coming；．BeforeliberationhehadchanceofgoingtoschoolgoC.goschoolD.to．betterherthenewsdon'ttelltellC.tellD.to1.D2.C5.A8AC13.C14.B15.B16.B18.C19.B20.D回小课后检fluis______bywhichtoincellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.beingtobeD.tohaveisbestMike____withherexperiment?tohelpingC.helpD.tohelpingTobegoodforagriculturalsoilmustinittheplantstorequireB.requirerequiredD.requiringWeleftsmalltowntherepointinstaying.6

B.tobeD.IaIwouldlikemechanic,Itruly,______.itoverB.ittolookitoverlookeditgirlafraid___yardbecauseshewasafraidbydog_____gate.A.toenter..tobitten..layB.ofentering…ofbeingbitten…layC.ofentering…tobitten…layingD.toenter…ofbeingbitten---Howmanydowillbewithextinctionwhenthecompleted?---IexpectB.therebetherebeennewsmotherkilledinthetrafficaccident,sheouldnbuttocryB.cryingcriedcryathasprovedanditisworth______A.to..beinglistenedtoB./…beinglistenedC.ing..listeningD./…listening10.worry.Therearestillfiveminutes_______andyoutaketime.leavingtoleaveC.toleft11.alwaysforgetshasdone.---knowhappened?Heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.topostcardB.cardC.postedthecardD.tohave12.–goingdoxcumentforyou?---MyB.C.totypetyping13.LastIhadwalkhomebecauseitanytaxis.tobeB.beingC.beenD.to14.What’sbestwayyouthink________ourspokenEnglish?ofimprovingC.ofimprove15.It’spayday,andtheywaiting________.forpayingtoC.payingD.to16.’mnotgoingaskteacherwhyhemethatgrade;intend________.toB.lettingtherestC.toletto17.youwantlakespeechon---I_________.A.prefernotB.prefernotC.perfertoD.’tpreferto18.IyouthatapplicationbeenB.beC.be19.DoyouitbetteritagainB.notitagainnotitagainD.toitagain20.WhileitwaslatewhenJonedoingthejob,withhisfriendassistance,theofficewaslocked.tobebeingfinishing4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D11.C12.A13.DCB18.D19.D7

课后练．_____betterlove；lovedB.That；beC.It；lovedItbeloved．I've；nowI'mforbread_____.itbyitwitcutitwithtoit．I'mgladhimyesterday.toseenhavebeenC.nottobeennottoseen．doEnglish?-It'sa_____.tospokenC.tospeakspoken．Hewouldstayhome_____withyou.goB.toC.goingShepretendedmeIpassedby.toseeB.seeingC.tonotseehavingseenforget_____thisbooktowhenhim.toB.returningD.toreturningWebothlookingforwardtoonvacationB.goonC.goingvacationhaveon_____thewhenyouit.backB.havingbackC.backwillputback10.IregrettedthatsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosay/11.Inorderreachthehillinsixhours,try_____.toclimbthemountainB.themountainC.hardlymountaintoclimbmountain．Iwhenaboutit.readB.tohavetobereading．Hesaid_____already.sentB.sentsent14.Crossett_____visitorB.toC.beD.to15.Helikeinpublic.praisingpraisedC.praisepraised．careful_____patientthetruth.B.tellC.nottellD.telling．Willyoumeproblemmyself?；toallow；workC.；workD.permit；18.Heisfirst_____andthe_____.ofcomingB.comes；C.；leaveD.coming；．Beforeliberationhehadchance8

ofgoingtoschoolgoC.goschoolD.to．You'dherthenewsdon'ttelltellC.tellD.to1.D2.C5.A8AC13.C14.B15.B16.B18.C19.B20.Dfluis______bywhichtoincellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.beingtobeD.tohaveisbestMike____withherexperiment?tohelpingC.helpD.tohelpingTobegoodforagriculturalsoilmustinittheplantstorequireB.requirerequiredD.requiringWeleftsmalltowntherepointinstaying.B.C.isIaIwouldlikemechanic,Itruly,______.itoverB.ittolookitoverlookeditgirlafraid___yardbecauseshewasafraidbydog_____gate.A.toenter..tobitten..layB.ofentering…ofbeingbitten…layC.ofentering…tobitten…layingD.toenter…ofbeingbitten---Howmanydowillbewithextinctionwhenthecompleted?---IexpectB.therebetherebeennewsmotherkilledinetrafficaccidentshecouldn’tbut_____tocryB.cryingcriedcryathasprovedanditisworth______tobe../…beinglistenedC.being..listeningtoD./…lis