2012考研英语二真题及答案解析

Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe(2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7)ernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10)hadaorviceorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.Joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacter,ora(12)ofAmerican alities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portrayedthemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewar,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothow were(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,His(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportant intheirlives.1.[A]performed 2.[A]actual [C]form 8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]broughtback [D]passeddown [B]disturbed[C]disputed 12.[A][B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained20.[A]onthe [B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthat【答案】二次大战的和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。【答案】多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(commonman)成长为，所以选B。【解析本题考查的是词语的搭配关系承担带来的负担应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”foodshelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符【答案】C。【解析这道题主要考查介词的搭配根据up (thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。【答案】【解析】GI。在军事上是ernmentIssue的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称ernmentIssue。选C。”符合题意。Turnover“移交”，bringback“带回”，passdown“，一代一代传下来”在ManageD。Joenever，B。【解析】本题词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI.Joe有 以及韩国的。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。【答案】结合了人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多人的典型特色，B。【答案】【解析】本题词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对ErniePyle的介绍，可知为一(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。【解析】本题词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle擅长报导的__面，报导这些浑多的是人性。所以选D。【解析】本题词汇辨析。本题承接上题，表达：Pyle并不关注士兵行军多少里，或是占领或解放了多少地方。Gain有推进(一段)D。【解析】本题词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他的报导与BillMaulden的是 紧接的一句话揭示了本题的答案，两者都(Bothmen)。由此可确定两人的报导应是类似的。因而选A“coun ”dupicated”“表示“反驳，与...”。【答案】【解析】本题逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：两者都的丑恶，以及所带来的损耗。”由上题可知道，Pyle更加注重中的士兵，因而他不可能是忽略(neglected)，避免(avoided)或是钦佩(admired)所带来的这一些的东西，因而本题选C。【答案】的觉可以睡与前面所说的前面dirt,exhaustionofwarB【答案】【解析】本题逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：G.I.Joe是他们生命中最重要的人。原题onthecontrary“正相反”[B]bythismeans“用这种方式”；[C]fromtheoutset“从一开始”；[D]atthatpoint表示“就那点(方面)来说”。D为最佳答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1/2011/jul/01/opinion/la-ed-hasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparentsbutinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.SchooldistrictsacrossthecountrymostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunay,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblewhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,maynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade。Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheir.Buttheisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,noshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorDistrictadministratorssaythatwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersaretoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwith countingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheir andseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheir ,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheir Itisquitepossiblethat theimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule。Atthesametime,theaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestions .thedistrictfinds tobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifdoesnothingtoensurethatthe studentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect rulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducational,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateL.AUnifiedto rightItisimpliedinparagraph1that isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetherule mainlybecausepoor [A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheir[D]havevoicedtheircomintsaboutAccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththeisthatitmay [A]discouragestudentsfromng[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerinAsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredaboutis itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itcesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgradesAsuitabletitleforthistextcould WrongInterpretationofanEducational edforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsabout[D]AFaultyApproachtoPrettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apas versionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageanddifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdstepstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1)，theauthormeans shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourfor[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferredbybabies.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto [A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemsto clearlyexinedbytheirinbornfullyunderstoodbyclothingmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsIn2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades---by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,a inUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatalizedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-urgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibersthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublic.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinct,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedots’,exinsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.ItcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldtheirexecutivestobejudgestoruleoutgenegenestobetheBIOtoissueaThosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievegenetictestsarenotonlyman-madeproductsarepatentsongenesdependmuchoncourtsshouldrestrictaccesstogeneticAccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsestablishingdiseasediscoveringgene drawingpicturesofidentifyinghumanBysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeanstheSupremeCourtwastheBIOwasapowerfulgenepatentingwasagreatlawyerswerekeentoattendGenerallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeoverbutthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.And yitislikelytoreshapeourpoliticsourcultureandthecharacterofoursocietyforyears。Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;they elessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothersInlimitedrespectsperhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroffAttheveryleastithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhousesandputanecessaryendtoaneraofreckless alspending。Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusiveandhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsanddoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesbetweenracesandclasses。einequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind。Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansocietyMoredifficultinthemomentisdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacterInmanyrespectstheU.Swasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialsincethenhaveshownmixedresultsWewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend。Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto [A]seeksubsidiesfromthe [B]explorereasonsfortheunemployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecessionAccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmade realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyleBenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessions imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsand sbetweenracesandclassesTheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothersTheauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsociety 【解析】文章首段首句“家庭作业一直不受学生，还有许多家长的欢迎，特别是到…”，nowadaysinrecentyears“ithasbeenparticularlyscorned。”的同义改A。【答案】家庭作业中可能遇到的。”这与题干所问“制定该政策的主要原因”以及“贫困学生”就对C。【解析】文章第三段第二句，“如果家庭作业仅占分值的10%，学生很容易少做一半的家庭作业，在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。”“家庭作业仅占分值10%”这是L.A.Unified制定出的家庭作业政策的内容，因此，从这句话可以看出有了这项政策，既然成绩单上不会有区别，学生就会选择少做一半的家庭作业，这个意思对应选项为A。【答案】【解析】题干“akeyquestionunanswered”对应第四段的首句“theaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabout 简单归纳出，L.A.Unified所指定的这项政策到目前为止还未对家庭作业对于学生学业是否有重要作用给出确定答案，故答案选B。L.A.Unified所指定的政策为例，说明这项政策在各方面的作为，如第三段末尾说“Theimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule”，第四段首句说“这项政策并未解决任何关于家庭作业的棘手问题”BC选项CA选项的错误在于“错误解读”，文章是对政策进行客观解读，错误的是政策本身，而非解读。D选项考生可能不选的原因在于对“approach”一词的内涵意义不够理解，approach一词本意是接近，靠近，方法，它引申出来就是策略的意思，与文章中的内涵一致，故答案D为正确选项。Text 根据文章第一段第三行，but作为连词表示后面的内容是对前面内容的否定，but之前的意思是说“粉色本身并不是不好”，而后买面的“suchatinysliceof”是指“是彩虹中多么微小的一部分”，由此可以得出，粉色并不代表童年生活的全部。所以，选A。【答案】段第一句话，前半部分是说“对于粉色的关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，7行，pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,可以得出，C选项得知，bluesymbolizedfemininity,可以得知，蓝色曾经被认为是子的颜色，符合文章题B。【解析】题干“作者认为我们对于儿童心理发展的看法，多受的影响。”从原文第三段的首句“我之前没有，我们对孩子们所固有特性的认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童市场及其产品在左右人们确答案为A【答案】”A错误；B“把不同放在同等重要的地位”，此说法原文中并未提及，原文第4段只是造一些者的术语”，作者只是举出了一个“术语”的例子，但这不是作者的建议，真CC为正确答案。【答案】C选项正合题意，其他选项都不正确。Text3【答案】，【解析】文章首段首句提到“In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore。”，即2010年的一项决定了的生物科技产业。后面接着提到，这项决定是“geneswereunpatentable”，意思是与相关的项目不能够获得专利权，而“executives与相关的项目能够获得专利权。，，是自然的产品；第二个是获得专利会创新；第三个是，专利的会限制测试。故正确答案为B。，【解析】文章第五段中提到“Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesin ct,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug'sefficacy”，即各大公司目前正在研究之间的相互作用，寻找它们之间的相关性，从而通过这些相关性推断疾病产生的原因或预测药物的有效性。而HansSauer解释到各大公司渴望赢得专利权故而选A。答案B属于偷换概念；答案C和D在文中没有提到。【答案】属于臆断；答案D是干扰项，训练只是这次大会的一部分内容，以偏概全。到的实际问题。故而，作者多专业的态度是客观的，即答案D。Text在努力奋斗即D选项中reconsidertheirlifestyle,重新审视他们的生活方式A干扰性，但文中说“将我们从梦想中唤醒”，所以不对。B、C没有提到。【答案】【解析】定位在第三段第二句开始。接下来一句通过mean-spiritedandlessinclusive，B选项正是该句的改写，故为正确答案；A属于过度推理；C、D意思明显弄反遭遇时的状态。D选项与之含义相符。C明显不对，“notallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed”表明，不是所有的毕业生都认为前途渺茫。B项无中生有。A与原文相反。【解析】由最后一句可知，“theycertainlywillreshapeit”表示时期的一定会对社会D均不正确。A项是“无足轻重的”，明显不对。Partmentis Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhas plishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassinglirycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemrylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessofthe alexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualS wroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteS."whatitisinthepowerofeach plishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmereCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”NiccoloemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroeshighlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingfocusedNiccoloemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroeshighlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingfocusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveshardtoimitate43.Samuel[D]openedupnewgreatmeninhistoryofunderstandingThomasCarlyle [E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle。MarxandEngels [Fdismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessful[G]depictedtheworthylivesofindustrialistsand【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自，第二行讲到“Petrarchbegan...highlightingthevirtueofclassicalheroes”即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典的美德答案A与此是完全对应的。【答案】【解析此题定位于第三自第五行重点理解词组“turnonitshead”,意思为“tochangesthcompley”，所以说与彼特拉克强调的virtue相比，马基雅维利将狡诈、无情、粗蛮试作成功的技能，而不是重视美德、仁慈与公正。【解析】此题定位于第四自的第四行，“Self-helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers”·斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的【答案】【解析】此题定位于第五自第三行，“theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate”，托马斯，卡莱尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。recordofstruggle”E与此句是完全对应的。SectionIIITranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto .WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelocountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectofthebestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Abigsurveyofnhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallnsovertheageof25.This"braindrain”haslongbotheredmakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以的法想要吸引的人群。2004年对家庭开展了一项广泛的，结果显示约40%的受过高中以上的教育。相比而言，在所有超过25岁的人中，受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%。1)文章第一句的主句需要我们去认真思考下。“theyareusuallyconcernedattheprosp