职称英语等级考试用书

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职称英语考试用书（理工类）教材

2013

年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）

?注：

?1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；？2、阅读理解，请参

见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2013年词汇部分、阅读判断、概括

大意和完成句子、补全短文与2012年教材相比未作任何变化。

?2013年职称英语（理工类）新增文章学习

?阅读理解

?第十一篇

When?Our?Eyes?Serve?Our?Stomach?Our?senses?aren,t?just?delivering?a

?strict?view?of?what,s?going?on?in?the；

they're?affected?by?whatJs?going?on?in?our?heads.?A?new?study?find

s?that?hungry?people?see?food-related?words?more?clearly?than?people

?who've?just?eaten.?Psychologists?have?known?for?decades?that?what

's?going?on,?inside?our?head?affects?our?senses.?For?example,?poore

r?children?think?coins?are?larger?than?they?are,?and?hungry?people?t

hink?pictures?of?food?are?brighter.?Remi?Radel?of?University?of?Nice

?Sophia-Antipolis,France,

wanted?to?investigate?how?this?happens.?Does?it?happen?

right?away?as?the?brain?receives?signals?from?the?eyes?or?a?little?l

ater?as?the?brain,s?high-level?thinking?processes?get?involved.?Rad

el?recruited?42?students?with?a?normal?body?mass?index.?On?the?day?o

f?his?or?her?test,?each?student?was?told?to?arrive?at?the?lab?at?noo

n?after?three?or?four?hours?of?not?eating.?Then?they?were?told?there

?was?a?delay.?Some?were?told?to?come?back?in?10?minutes;?others?were

?given?an?hour?to?get?lunch?first.?So?half?the?students?were?hungry?

when?they?did?the?experiment?and?the?other?half?had?just?eaten.?For?

the?experiment,?the?participant?looked?at?a?computer?screen.?One?by?

one,?80?words?flashed?on?the?screen?for?about?l/300th?of?a?second?ea

ch.?They?flashed?at?so?small?a?size?that?the?students?could?only?con

sciously?perceive.?A?quarter?of?the?words?were?food-related.?After?e

ach?word,each?person?was?asked?how?bright?the?word?was?and?

asked?to?choose?which?of?two?words?they?d?seen?一a?food-related?wor

d?like?cake?or?a?neutral?word?like?boat.?Each?word?appeared?too?brie

fly?for?the?participant?to?really?read?it.?

?

Hungry?people?saw?the?food-related?words?as?brighter?and?were?better

?at?identifying?food-?related?words.?

Because?the?word?appeared?too?quickly?for?them?to?be?reliably?seen,?

this?means?that?the?difference?is?in?

perception,?not?in?thinking?processes,?Radel?says.?

a

This?is?something?great?to?me.?Humans?can?really?perceive?what?they?

need?or?what?they?strive?for.?From?the?

experiment,?I?know?that?our?brain?can?really?be?at?the?disposal?of?o

ur?motives?and?needs,

，，

?Radel?says.?

词汇：

threshold?n.

起点，开端；门槛

disposal?!!.

处理

处置

配置

neutral?adj.

中性的；中立的

motive?n.

动机，目的

strive?v.

努力，力求

斗争注释：

1.?Our?senses?aren

?t?just?delivering?a?strict?view?of??in?our?heads:

这个句子的大概意思是

我们的五官感觉不

仅仅让我们感知世界

五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。

2.?University?of?Nice?Sophia-Antipolis:

法国尼斯

?

索菲亚

?

安提波利斯大学，

简称尼斯大学，

1965

年经法国政

令正式宣布成立。

尼斯大学在尼斯市设有

7

处主校园，

另外，

还在索菲亚

?

安提波利斯市

（SophiaVAntipolis）

、

戛纳市（

Cannes）

和芒东市（

Menton）

设有校区。索菲亚

?

安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是

许多高等学府的所在地。

3.?body?mass?index:

身体质量指数

《职称英语》考试通关新策略

如何用技巧颠覆.••职称英语课程概••.

4.?at?the?threshold?of:

当??快要开始时

5.?in?perception

：感知

6.?at?the?disposal?of:

受到?？的控制

练习：

1.?What?does?the?new?study?mentioned?in?Paragraph?l?find??

A?llungry?people?see?every?word?more?clearly?than?ordinary?people.?

B?Hungry?people?are?always?thinking?of?food-related?words.?

C?Hungry?people?are?more?sensitive?to?food-related?words?than?stomac

h-full?people.?

D?Hungry?people?do?not?have?lower-level?of?thinking?process.?

2.?Why?was?there?a?delay?on?the?day?of?the?experiment??

A?Because?hungry?people?needed?time?to?fill?their?stomach.?

B?Because?Radel?wanted?to?create?two?groups?of?testees,?hungry?and?n

on-hungry.?

C?Because?noon?was?not?the?right?time?for?any?experiment.?

D?Because?Radel?needed?time?to?select?participants?in?terms?of?body?

mass?index.?

3.?What?does?the?writer?want?to?tell?us??

A?Human's?senses?aren

t?just?delivering?a?strict?view?of?what

s?going?on?in?the?world.?

BVWhat's?perceived?by?our?senses?affects?our?way?of?thinking.?

C?Human?brains?can?really?be?at?the?disposal?of?our?motives?and?need

s.?

D?Thinking?processes?guarantee?the?normal?functions?of?our?senses.?

4.?What?did?the?results?of?the?experiment?indicate??

A?80?words?flashed?on?the?screen?too?fast?for?the?participant?to?int

entionally?perceive.?

B?llungry?people?were?better?at?identifying?neutral?words.?

C?People?who?had?just?eaten?were?better?at?identifying?food-related?

words.?

D?The?participants?could?barely?perceive?what?they?needed?or?what?th

ey?strived?for.?

5.?What?can?we?infer?from?the?passage??

A?42?participants?are?too?small?a?number?for?a?serious?investigation

.?

B?An?experiment?with?hungry?and?non-hungry?participants?is?not?relia

ble.?

C?Our?thinking?processes?are?independent?of?our?senses.?

D?Humans?can?perceive?what?they?need?without?involving?high-level?th

inking?processes.?

答案与题解：

l.?C

第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。

饥肠辘辘的人只是看

food-related?words

比较清楚，

选项

C

的句意与上

述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项

A

说的是

every?word,?

所以不是答案。选项

B

和

D

文章中没有提到。

2.?B

答案的根据可在第三段找到。

Radel

为了保证

42

名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。

然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们

10

分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。

Radel

用推

迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项

B

是答案。

3.?C?

虽然

A

、

B

、

D

选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不能选。本文

最后一

句给出了直接的答案。

4.?A

第四段第三行中

consciously

与

A

项中的

intentionally

是同义词。

B

项

neutral

意思为

a

中性的

，，

,在本文中的

意思是与

food-related

相对的，即

a

与食物不相关的

，，

,因此是错误选择

；?c?

项不符合课文原意

;?D

项

barely

思

为

a

仅仅，勉强，几乎没有

,因此也不符合句意。

3?

/?

21?

更多精品在大家！

大家网，大家的！

5.?D

选项

A

所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项

；B

、

C

内容也不能直接从短文

中推断出来。

选项

D

是答案。

最后一段第二句的

a

Humans?can?really?perceive?what?they?need?or?what?they?strive?

for

，，

为选择

D?

项提供了依据。

参考译文

第十一篇

我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口

我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现：

比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，

饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。

数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如,

贫穷的孩子看到的硬币

比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯

?

索菲亚

?

安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现

象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些,

这时高级思维活动已经介

入了。

雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的

42

位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，

这时距上一次的用餐时间有

3

?

4

个小时。等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生

被告知十分钟后再回来

其余的给

1

个小时的时间先吃午饭。

所以一半学生饿着肚子，

另一半学生饱腹参加

了此次实验。

实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的

80

个字以

1/300

秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，

被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。

1/4

的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择

看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如

a

蛋糕

;一类是中性词，比如

a

船

。由于每个词的闪动在

瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。

饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由

于每个词的闪动太快，其

实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本

没经过思考。雷戴尔给出

了这样的解释。

雷戴尔说：

a

这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。该实

验使我了解这

样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。

第十九篇

Musical?Robot?Companion?Enhances?Listener?Experience?

Shimi,?a?musical?companion?developed?by?Georgia?Tech

s?Center?for?Music?Technology,?recommends?songs,?

dances?to?the?beat?and?keeps?the?music?pumping?based?on?listener?fee

dback.?The?smartphone-enabled,?

one-foot-tall?robot?is?billed?as?an?interactive?

a

musical?friend

，，

,？

a

Shimi?is?designed?to?change?the?way?that?people?enjoy?and?think?abou

t?their?music

?said?Professor?Gil?

Weinberg,?the?robot

s?creator.?He?will?unveil?the?robot?at?the?June?27th?Google?I/0?conf

erence?in?San?Francisco.?

A?band?of?three?Shimi?robots?will?perform?for?guests,?dancing?in?syn

c?with?music?created?in?the?lab?and?

composed?according?to?its?movements.?

Shimi?is?essentially?a?docking?station?with?a?

a

brain

，，

?powered?by?an?Android?phone.?Once?docked,?the?robot?gains?

the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities?of?the?user

s?mobile?device.?In?other?words,?if?there

s?an?

app

，，

?for?

that,?Shimi?is?ready.?For?instance,?by?using?the?phone

，

s?camera?and?face-detecting?software

9

Shimi?can?follow?a?

listener?around?the?room?and?position?its?

a

ears

，，

or?speakers,?for?optimal?sound.?Another?recognition?feature?is?

based?on?rhythm?and?tempo.?If?the?user?taps?a?beat,?Shimi?analyzes?i

t,?scans?the?phone

s?musical?library?and?

immediately?plays?the?song?that?best?matches?the?suggestion.?Once?th

e?music?starts

Shimi?dances?to?the?rhythm.?

a

Many?people?think?that?robots?are?limited?by?their?programming?instr

uctions,?said?Music?Technology?Ph.?D.?

candidate?Mason?Bretan.?

a

Shimi?shows?us?that?robots?can?be?creative?and?interactive.?

，，

Future?apps?in?the?works?

will?allow?the?user?to?shake?their?head?in?disagreement?or?wave?a?ha

nd?in?the?air?to?alert?Shimi?to?skip?to?the?next?

song?or?increase/decrease?the?volume.?The?robot?wi1l?also?have?the?c

apability?to?recommend?new?music?based?on?

the?user

s?song?choices?and?provide?feedback?on?the?music?play?list.?

Weinberg?hopes?other?developers?will?be?inspired?to?create?more?apps

?to?expand?Shimi

s?creative?and?interactive?

capabilities.?

a

I?believe?that?our?center?is?ahead?of?a?revolution?that?will?see?mor

e?robots?in?homes.

，，

?Weinberg?

said.?

Weinberg?is?in?the?process?of?commercializing?Shimi?through?an?exclu

sive?licensing?agreement?with?Georgia?

Tech.?Weinberg?hopes?to?make?the?robot?available?to?consumers?by?the

?2013?holiday?season.?

If?robots?are?going?

to?arrive?in?homes,?we?think?that?they?will?be?this?kind?of?machines

small,?entertaining?and?fun

，，，

Weinberg?

said.?

a

They?will?enhance?your?life?and?pave?the?way?for?more?intelligent?se

rvice?robots?in?our?lives.

，，

词汇：

pump?v.

用抽水机抽

不断播放（音乐）

scan?v.

扫描

浏览

skip?v.

轻跳，跳跃

sync?n.

同步，同时

；v.

使同步

tempo?n.

速度

节奏

注释：

1.?Georgia?Tech:

全称是

Georgia?Institute?of?Technology,

佐治亚理工学院，建于

1885?

年，位于亚特兰大市中

心。佐治亚理工学齿是美国南部最大的公立理工学院

也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省

理工学院

(MIT)

和加州理工学院

(CalTech)

O

2.?pump:

不断播放

(

音乐)。例如

:This?radio?station?recently?pumps?out?pop?music.?(

这家

广播电台近来连续播

放流行音乐。

)?

3.?smartphone-enabled:

由智能手机系统支持的

4.?is?billed?as:

相当于

is?advertised?as

,意为

a

被标榜为

，，

O

5.?docking?station:?

插接站

扩充基座，扩展插口

-6.?Android:（

科幻小说里的

）

机器人。

本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以

Linus

为基础的

开放源代码操作系统，

通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前

Android?

尚未有统一中文译名，国内较多

人翻译成

a

安卓

，，

或

安致

，，

o据

2012

年

2

月数据

,?Android?

占据全球智能手机操作系统市场

52.5%

的份额

中国

市场占有率为

68.4%

7.?dock

:对接

8.?the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities:

传感和音乐生成能力

9.?app:

应用程序(

^application)?

10.?if?the?user?taps?a?beat:

如果用户打出某个

(

音乐)拍子

11.?in?the?works:

正在准备阶段

在进行中或准备中

12.?intelligent?service?robots:

智能服务型机器人

练习：

1.?Which?of?the?following?is?NOT?true?according?to?the?first?three?p

aragraphs??

A?Shimi?is?a?one-foot?tall?robot.?

B?Shimi?is?the?creator?of?the?musical?companion.?

C?Shimi?is?a?docking?station?with?a

a

?brain

，，

?powered?by?an?Android?phone.?

D?Shimi?can?gain?the?sensing?and?musical?generation?capabilities?of?

the?user

s?mobile?device.?

2.?What?does?Shimi?do?if?the?user?taps?a?beat??

A?It?stores?the?beat?in?the?musical?library.?

B?It?transmits?the?beat?to?the?docking?station.?

C?It?positions?its?speakers?for?optimal?sound.?

D?It?selects?a?perfectly-matched?song?and?plays?it?in?sync?with?that

?beat.?

3.?Which?of?the?following?about?Shimi?is?true??

A?Robots?are?limited?by?their?programming?instructions,?and?Shimi?is

?no?exception.?

B?Present?apps?allow?the?user?to?shake?their?head?to?alert?Shimi?to?

skip?to?the?next?song.?

C?Existing?apps?allow?the?user?to?wave?a?hand?to?alert?Shimi?to?turn

?up/down?the?volume.?

D?Shimi?can?be?creative?and?interactive.?

4.?What?does?the?author?want?to?tell?us??

A?The?research?center?is?developing?a?stronger?and?more?versatile?Sh

imi.?

B?Weinberg?only?expects?staffs?from?Georgia?Tech.?to?develop?more?ap

ps?for?Shimi.?

C?Shimi?is?not?yet?technologically?ready?for?commercialization.?

D?Robots?such?as?Shimi?are?created?for?large?corporations?rather?tha

n?homes.?

5.?Which?of?the?following?is?Weinberg

s?assertion??

A?Shimi?as?a?robotic?musical?companion?can?be?applied?to?all?types?o

f?smart?phones.?

B?human?lives?will?be?filled?with?more?fun?if?Shimi?is?going?to?arri

ve?in?homes.?

C?Shimi，s?creative?and?interactive?capabilities?are?appreciated?by?m

ost?of?its?users.?

D?Weinberg?has?reached?an?agreement?with?Georgia?Tech?to?commerciali

ze?Shimi.?

答案与题解：

1.?B

在前三段中均可找到与选项

A

C

D

相应的句子，强调

Shimi

是一种电子设备

；B

与原文不符

,?Shimi

不

是该机器人的发明者

,Gil?Weinberg

教授才是

the?robot

s?creator

o

2.?D

选项

D

简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句

a

If?the?user?taps?a?beat,?Shimi?analyzes?it,?scans?the?p