进出口实务4的主讲

进出口实务4的主讲LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperly

24.1NameofcommoditySignificanceCISGArticle35:Thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackagedinthemannerrequiredbythecontractIssues

concerningstipulatingnameinsalescontract:beingclear,specific&precisebeingpracticaladoptingthewidelyacceptedname(HSCode)Note:HS--InternationalConventionforHarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystem34.2QualityDefinition:referstotheintrinsicelementsofcommoditiesincludingtheinternalpropertiesoringredientsaswellastheexternalappearance.44.2Quality:waysofqualitystipulation54.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSpecificationcomprisesomeimportantindicatorssuchascomposition,content,purity,length,size,etc.ExleChinaSesameSeedMoisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.Oilcontent:52%basis64.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebygradebeindicatedsimplybystatingitsgrade,aspresumablythesellerandthebuyeraresupposedtohavereachedaconsensusontheclassificationimplicationofgrades.toavoidmisunderstandingandthesubsequentdisputes,however,itisrecommendedtolaydownsomemajorspecifications74.2Qualitystipulation–Salebydescriptionsalebygrade:exleFreshHenEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeA:55-60gmpereggGradeB:50-55gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmperegg84.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandardwhenspecificationsorgradesarelaiddownandproclaimedinaunifiedway,theybecomestandards.ExleTetracyclineHCLTablets(SugarCoated)250mg.B.P.1973ChinaNortheastSoybean2006NewCrop,F.A.Q: Moisture15%max. Admixture1%max.94.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionF.A.Q.:indicatingthatthequalityoftheaproductofferedisaboutequaltotheaveragequalitylevelofthesamecropwithinacertainperiodoftime(e.g.ayear.)generallysuitableforagriculturalproducts.G.M.Q.:thequalityofthegoodsofferedaresufficientlygoodtosatisfythepurposesforuseorconsumptionwhicharemutuallyunderstoodbythebuyerandthesellerusedsometimesasthebottom-lineofqualityrequirement.

104.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebybrandnameortrademarktodefinethequalityofsomeproductsbysimplyreferencingtotheirbrandnamesortrademarks.ExlesSonyTelevisionsHaierRefrigeratorsTigerheadbatteriesPanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C114.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebyorigintousethenameoftheplaceoforiginastheindicationforqualityExleWest-lakeLongjingTea,Grade1,ZhejiangOrigin124.2Quality–SalebydescriptionSalebydescriptionsorillustrationsspecificdescriptions,sometimeswithillustrationsExlePanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththeinstructionsattached.HaierRefrigerator,ModelXXX,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththedescriptionssubmittedbytheseller.134.2Qualitystipulation–SalebysleSalebysleDefinition:asalewhenthesellerandbuyeragreethatsleisusedasthebasisofqualityandconditionofthegoodstobedelivered.ExleTeddyBearSize15,QualityasperSleX071118A144.2Qualitystipulation–salebysleSalebyseller’sslemadeonthebasisofthesleprovidedbythesellerSalebybuyer’sslemadeonthebasisofthesleprovidedbythebuyerSalebycountersleCountersle:areplicamadebythesellerofthesleprovided,normallybythebuyercountersleusedasthebasisforqualitytoremovetheriskoftheselleragoodsubstitutetosalebybuyer’ssle154.2QualityIssuesconcerningqualityclauseinsalescontract:adoptingtherightwayavoidingdoublestandardbeingclear,practicalandreasonablemakinguseofQualityLatitudeorTolerancemakingpriceadjustmentwhennecessaryinsertingseller'sprotectingclausewhennecessary164.2QualityQualitylatitude:definitionthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermaybeflexiblycontrolled

Qualitytolerance:definitionthequalitydeviationrecognizedinthetrade,whichallowsthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellertohavecertaindifferenceswithinarange174.2QualityHowtostipulatequalitylatitude/tolerancetostipulateacertainscope,e.g.thewidthofthecottonclothis47/48inches.tostipulate“max”or“min”e.g.Moisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.tostipulatemoreorlesse.g.duck'sdowncontent18%±1%184.2QualityStipulatingqualitylatitude:exles“Qualityshallbeaboutequaltothesle”“Qualityisnearlythesameasthesle”“Thequalityofthegoodsshippedtobeaboutequaltothesle”“Shipmentshallbesimilartothesle.”194.2QualitySafeguardClause:exles“Itisthebuyerratherthanthesellerwhoshallberesponsibleforanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementofthethirdparty'sintellectualproperties.”Foranycottonpiecegoodsproducedwiththedesign,trademarks,brands,and/orstingsprovidedbythebuyer,shouldtherebeanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementuponthethirdparty'sindustrialpropertyrights,itisthebuyertobeheldresponsibleforit.204.3QuantityUnitsofquantitycalculation

Weight:metricton,kilogram,longton,shorttonNumber:piece,dozen,setLength:meter,kilometer,yard,foot,inch)Area:km2,yd2,ft2Volume:km3,yd3,ft3Capacity:liter,gallon,quart,pint,bushel214.3QuantityMeasurementsystemstheMetricSystemtheU.S.SystemtheBritishSystemtheInternationalSystemofUnits(S.I.)…224.3QuantityWaystostipulateweight

grossweightnetweightgrossfornetconditionedweighttheoreticalweightlegalweight234.3Quantitygrossweightgrossweight=netweight+TarenetweightNetweight=Grossweight–Tare

Ifnotstipulated,consideredtobenetweighttarecalculation

actual/realtareaveragetarecustomarytarecomputedtare

grossfornetGoodspricedbytheirgrossweightinsteadofthenet

244.3QuantityConditionedweightConditionedweight:equalstothedryweightofacommodityplusthestandardmoisturecontent

Conditionedweight=Driednetweightx(1+Standardregainrate)254.3QuantityTheoreticalweightTheoreticalweight=UnitweightxQuantityLegalweightLegalweight=Netweight+Tare(immediatepacking)264.3QuantityIssuesconcerningquantityclauseinsalescontract:clear,specificandavoidambiguityquantitylatitude(moreorlessclause)latitude:howmuchmoreorless?decision:atwhoseoption?pricing:contractrateormarketprice?274.3QuantityExlesofmoreorlessclause:800metrictons,5%moreorlessatseller’soption20,000metricpairs,thesellersareallowedtoload5%moreorless,thepriceshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheunitpriceinthecontract1,000metrictons5%moreorless,atBuyer’soptionwithmoreorlessportionpricedatthemarketpriceatthetimeofshipment.28CaseStudyAnexporterhassignedacontracttoexport10metrictons(5%moreorless)ofrawsilktoSpain.Itisstipulatedinthecontractthatconditionedweightisusedandthestandardregainrateis10%.Iftheactualregainrateis21%whenshipmentismade,howmanymetrictonsofrawsilkshouldtheexporterdeliverinordertofulfillthecontract?294.4Packing&MarkingFunctionsofPackingProtectingGoods FacilitatingDelivery ReducingCost Promotingsales… 304.4Packing&MarkingFactorsdeterminingpackingNaturalPropertiesofCargo ModeoftheTransport CustomsorStatutoryRequirements GeneralFragilityofCargo Weather EaseofHandlingandStowage Insurance TransportationCost… 314.4Packing&MarkingTypesofpackingSalespackingTransportPacking

unitpacking:drums,cases,bags,boxes...collectivepacking:pallet,flexiblecontainer…324.4Packing&MarkingTypesofmarkingShippingmarksIndicativemarksWarningmarksSupplementarymarks

334.4Packing&MarkingFunctionsofshippingmarkstoquickenstheidentificationtohelpavoidshippingerrorsContentsofShippingmarksConsignee’scodeDestinationReferenceNo.Numberofpackages344.4Packing&MarkingExleofshippingmarkU.F.P.397No.1/6COPENHAGENU.F.P.–Initialsoftheconsignee397–contractnumberNo.1/6–caseNo.1in6casesCOPENHAGEN–portofdestinationU.F.P.397No.1/6COPENHAGENU.F.P.–Initialsoftheconsignee397–contractnumbercaseNo.1in6casesCOPENHAGEN–portofdestination354.4Packing&Marking