英语六级真题听力原文

LOGO英语六级真题听力原文SANY标准化小组#QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文（二）PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:So,Mike,⑴youmanagetheinnovationprojectatCucinTech.M:Ididindeed.W:Well,then,first,congratulations.⑴Itseemstohavebeenverysuccessful.M:Thanks.Yes,IreallyhelpthingsturnaroundatCucinTech.W:(2)Wastherevivalintheirfortunesentirelyduetostrategicinnovation?M:(2)Yes,yes,Ithinkitwas.CucinTechwasacompanywhowereverymuchfollowingthepack,doingwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandgettingrapidlyleftbehind.Icouldseetherewasalotoftalentthere,andsomegreatpotential,particularlyintheirproductdevelopment.Ijusthadtoharnessthatsomehow.W:Wasinnovationatthecoreoftheproject?M:Absolutely.Ifitdoesn'tsoundliketoomuchofCliche,⑶ourworldisconstantlychangingandit'schangingquickly.Weneedtobeinnovatingconstantlytokeepupwiththis.Standstillandyouarelost.W:Nostoppingtosnifftheroses？M:Well,I'lldothatinmypersonallife.Sure.Butasabusinessstrategy,I'mafraidthereisnostopping.M:Whatexactlyisstrategicinnovationthen？W:Strategicinnovationistheprocessofmanaginginnovation,ofmakingsureittakesplaceatalllevelsofthecompany,andthatisrelatedtothecompany'soverallstrategy.W:Isee.M:So,insteadofinnovationforinnovation'ssakeandnewproductsbeingcreatedsimplybecausethetechnologyisthere,thecompanyculturemustswitchfromthesepointing-timeinnovationstocontinuouspipelineofinnovationsfromeverywhereandeveryone.W:Howdidyoualignstrategiesthroughoutthecompany？M:Isoonbecameawarethatcampaigningisuseless.Peopletakenonotice.Simplyitcameaboutthroughgoodpracticetricklingdown.Thisbuiltconsent.Peoplecouldseeitwasthebestwaytowork.W:Doesinnovationontheskillreallygiveacompetitiveadvantage？M:Iamcertainofit,absolutely,especiallyifit'sdifficultforacompetitortocopy.(4)Theriskisofcoursethatinnovationmayfrequentlyleadtoimitation.W:Butnotifit'sstrategic？M:Precisely.W:Thanksfortalkingtous.M:Sure.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.M:(5)Today,myguestisDaynaIvanovichwhohasworkedforthelasttwentyyearsasaninterpreter.Dayna,welcome.W:Thankyou.M:Now,I'dliketobeginbysayingthatIhaveonoccasionsusedaninterpretermyselfasaforeigncorrespondent.(6)SoIamfullofadmirationforwhatyoudo,butIthinkyourprofessionissometimesunderrated,andmanypeoplethinkanyonewhospeaksmorethanonelanguagecandoit.W:⑺Therearen'tanyinterpretersIknowwhodon'thaveprofessionalqualificationsandtraining.Youonlyreallygetproficientaftermanyyearsinthejob.M:Imayberightinsayingyoucandividewhatyoudointotwodistinctmethods—simultaneousandconsecutiveinterpreting.W:That'sright.Thetechniquesyouusearedifferent,andalotofinterpreterswillsayoneiseasierthantheother,lessstressful.M:Simultaneousinterpreting,puttingsomeone'swordsintoanotherlanguagemoreorlessastheyspeak,soundstomelikethemoredifficult.W:Well,actuallyno.⑻Mostpeopleinthebusinesswouldagreethatconsecutiveinterpretingisthemorestressful.Youhavetowaitforthespeakertodeliverquiteachunkoflanguagebeforeyouthenputitintothesecondlanguage,whichputsyourshort-termmemoryunderintensestress.M:Youmakenotes,Ipresume.W:Absolutely,anythinglikenumbers,names,placeshavetobenoteddown.Buttherestisnevertranslatedwordforword.Youhavetofindawayofsummarizingit,sothatthemessageisthere.Turningeverysinglewordintothetargetlanguagewouldputtoomuchstrainontheinterpreterandslowdownthewholeprocesstoomuch.M:But,withsimultaneousinterpreting,youstarttranslatingalmostassoonastheotherpersonstartsspeaking.Youmusthavesomepreparationbeforehand.W:Well,hopefullythespeakerswillletyouhaveanoutlineofthetopicadayortwoinadvance.Youhavealittletimetodoresearch,preparetechnicalexpressionsandsoon.SectionBQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.(9)Mothershavebeenwarnedforyearsthatsleepingwiththeirnewborninfantisabadideabecauseitincreasestheriskthatthebabymightdieunexpectedlyduringthenight.ButnowIsraeliresearchersarereportingthatevensleepinginthesameroomcanhavenegativeconsequences:notforthechild,butforthemother.(10)Motherswhosleptinthesameroomastheirinfants,whetherinthesamebedorjustthesameroom,hadpoorersleepthanmotherswhosebabiessleptelsewhereinthehouse:Theywokeupmorefrequently,wereawakeapproximately20minuteslongerpernight,andhadshorterperiodsofuninterruptedsleep.Theseresultsheldtrueeventakingintoaccountthatmanyofthewomeninthestudywerebreast-feedingtheirbabies.Infants,ontheotherhand,didn'tappeartohaveworsesleepwhethertheysleptinthesameordifferentroomfromtheirmothers.Theresearchersacknowledgethatsincethefamiliestheystudiedwereallmiddle-classIsraelis,it'spossibletheresultswouldbedifferentindifferentcultures.LeadauthorLiatTikotzkywroteinanemailthattheresearchteamalsodidn'tmeasurefathers'sleep,soit'spossiblethattheirsleeppatternscouldalsobecausingthesleepdisruptionsformoms.(11)Rightnow,toreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendsthatmothersnotsleepinthesamebedastheirbabiesbutsleepinthesameroom.TheIsraelistudysuggeststhatdoingsomaybebestforthebaby,butmaytakeatollonmom.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.(12)TheUShasalreadylostmorethanathirdofthenativelanguagesthatexistedbeforeEuropeancolonization,andtheremaining192areclassedbyUNESCOasrangingbetween“unsafe”and“extinct”.(13)“Weneedmorefundingandmoreefforttoreturntheselanguagestoeverydayuse,”saysFredNahwooksyoftheNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.“Wearemakingprogressbutmoneyneedstobespentonrevitalisinglanguages,notjustdocumentingthem.”Some40languages,mainlyinCaliforniaandOklahoma,wherethousandsofIndianswereforcedtorelocateinthe19thCentury,havefewerthan10nativespeakers.“Partoftheissueisthattribalgroupsthemselvesdon'talwaysbelievetheirlanguagesareendangereduntilthey'redowntothelasthandfulofspeakers.Butprogressisbeingmadethroughimmersionschools,becauseifyouteachchildrenwhenthey'reyoungitwillstaywiththemasadultsandthat'sthefuture,”saysMr.Nahwooksy,aComancheIndian.SuchschoolshavebecomeamodelinHawaii.Buttheislanders'locallanguageisstillclassedbyUNESCOas“criticallyendangered”becauseonly1,000peoplespeakit.(14)ThedeclineinAmericanIndianlanguageshashistoricalroots:Inthemid-19thCentury,theUSgovernmentadoptedapolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildrenbyremovingthemfromtheirhomesandculture.Withinafewgenerationsmosthadforgottentheirnativetongues.(15)Anotherchallengetolanguagesurvivalistelevision.IthasbroughtEnglishintohomesandpushedouttraditionalstory-tellingandfamilytimetogether,acceleratingtheextinctionofnativelanguages.SectionCQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.GregRosenlosthisjobasasalesmanagernearlythreeyearsagoandisstillunemployed.“Itliterallyislikesomethinginadream,torememberwhatit'sliketoactuallybeabletogoout,andputinaday'sworkandreceiveaday'spay.”Atfirst,Rosenboughtgroceriesandmadehousepaymentswiththehelpfromunemploymentinsurance.(16)Itpayslaidoffworkersuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforwork.Butnow,thatinsurancehasrunoutforhim,andhehastomaketoughchoices.He'scutbackonmedicationsandhenolongerhelpssupporthisdisabledmother.Itisadevastatingexperience.Newresearchsaysthe.recessionisnowover,butmanypeopleremainunemployed.Andunemployedworkersfacedifficultodds.Thereisliterallyonlyonejobopeningforeveryfiveunemployedworkers,sofouroutoffiveunemployedworkershaveactuallynochanceoffindinganewjob.BusinesseshavedownsizedorshutdownacrossAmerica,leavingfewerjobopportunitiesforthoseinsearchofwork.ExpertswhomonitorunemploymentstatisticshereinBucksCounty,Pennsylvania,sayabout28,000peopleareunemployed,andmanyofthemarejoblessduetonofaultoftheirown.(17)That'swheretheBucksCountyCareerLinkcomesin.LocaldirectorElizabethWalshsaystheyprovidetrainingandguidancetohelpunemployedworkersfindlocaljobopportunities.“Sohere'sthejobopening,here'sthejobseeker,matchthemtogetherunderoneroof,"shesays.ButthelackofworkopportunitiesinBucksCountylimitshowmuchshecanhelp.RosensayshehopesCongresswilltakeaction.Thismonthhelaunchedthe99ersUnion,anumbrellaorganizationof18Internet-basedgrassrootsgroupsof99ers.Theirgoalistoconvincelawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits.ButPennsylvaniaStateRepresentativeScottPetrisaysgovernmentssimplydonothaveenoughmoneytoextendunemploymentinsurance.(18)Hethinksthebestwaytohelpthelong-termunemployedistoallowprivatecitizenstoinvestinlocalcompaniesthatcancreatemorejobs.Buttheboostininvestorconfidenceneededfortheplantoworkwilltaketime—timethatRosensaysstillrequireshimtobuyfoodandmakemonthlymortgagepayments.Rosensayshe'llusethelastofhissavingstotrytohangontothehomeheworkedformorethan20yearstobuy.Butoncethatmoneyisgone,hesayshedoesn'tknowwhathe'lldo.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.(19)Earlierthisyear,BritishexplorerPenHadowandhisteamtrekkedforthreemonthsacrossthefrozenArcticOcean,takingmeasurementsandrecordingobservationsabouttheice.“Well,we'dbeenledtobelievethatwewouldencounteragoodproportion,ofthisolder,thicker,technicallymulti-yearicethat'sbeenaroundforafewyearsandjustgetsthickerandthicker.Weactuallyfoundtherewasn'tanymulti-yeariceatall.”(20)Satelliteobservationsandsubmarinesurveysoverthepastfewyearshadshownlessiceinthepolarregion,buttherecentmeasurementsshowthelossismorepronouncedthanpreviouslythought.“We'relookingatroughly80percentlossoficecoverontheArcticOceanin10years,roughly10years,and100percentlossinnearly20years.”(21)CambridgescientistPeterWadhamswho'sbeenmeasuringandmonitoringtheArcticsince1971saysthedeclineisirreversible.“Themoreyoulose,themoreopenwateriscreated,themorewarminggoesoninthatopenwaterduringthesummer,thelessiceformsinthewinter,themoremeltthereisthefollowingsummer.Itbecomesabreakdownprocesswhereeverythingendsupacceleratinguntilit'sallgone.”MartinSommerkornrunstheArcticprogramfortheenvironmentalcharitytheWorldWildlifeFund.“TheArcticseaiceholdsacentralpositionintheEarth'sclimatesystemandit'sdeterioratingfasterthanexpected.Actuallyithastotranslateintomoreurgencytodealwiththeclimatechangeproblemandreduceemissions.”SummerkornsaysaplantoreducegreenhousegasemissionsblamedforglobalwarmingneedstocomeoutoftheCopenhagenclimatechangesummitinDecember.“Wehavetobasicallyachievetherethecommitmenttodealwiththeproblemnow.That'stheminimum.Wehavetodothatequitablyandwehavetofindacommitmentthatisquick.”Wadhamsechoestheneedforurgency.“Thecarbonthatwe'veputintotheatmospherekeepshavingawarmingeffectfor100years,sowehavetocutbackrapidlynow,becauseitwilltakealongtimetoworkitswaythroughintoaresponsebytheatmosphere.Wecan'tswitchoffglobalwarmingjustbybeinggoodinthefuture.Wehavetostartbeinggoodnow.”(22)Wadhamssaysthereisnoeasytechnologicalfixtoclimatechange.Heandotherscientistssaytherearebasicallytwooptionstoreplacingfossilfuels,generatingenergywithrenewables,orembracingnuclearpower.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Fromaveryearlyage,somechildrenexhibitbetterselfcontrolthanothers.(23)Now,anewstudythatbeganwithabout1,000childreninNewZealandhastrackedhowachild'slowself-controlcanpredictpoorhealth,moneytroublesandevenacriminalrecordintheiradultyears.Researchershavebeenstudyingthisgroupofchildrenfordecadesnow.Someoftheirearliestobservationshavetodowiththelevelofself-controltheyoungstersdisplayed.Parents,teachers,eventhekidsthemselves,scoretheyoungstersonmeasureslike“actingbeforethinking”and“persistenceinreachinggoals”.Thechildrenofthestudyarenowadultsintheirthirties.TerryMoffittofDukeUniversityandherresearchcolleaguesfoundthatkidswithself-controlissuestendedtogrowuptobecomeadultswithfarmoretroublingsetofissuestodealwith.“Thechildrenwhohadthelowestself-controlwhentheywereaged3to10,lateronhadthemosthealthproblemsintheirthirtiesandtheyhadtheworstfinancialsituationandtheyweremorelikelytohaveacriminalrecordandtoberaisingachildasasingleparentonaverylowincome.”SpeakingfromNew