道林格雷画像背后的唯美与残酷

题目：道林格雷画像背后的唯美与残酷摘要《道林•格雷的画像》是奥斯卡•王尔德的唯一一部长篇小说，他明知这部小说的发表会引起非议,但仍愿意冒着巨大风险将小说展示给人们。王尔德通过唯美主义的艺术手法，毫无畏惧地揭露和批判了英国维多利亚时代资产阶级上流社会道德的堕落，堪称是一位反叛资产阶级上流社会的斗士。人们能从这部饱受争议的小说中体会奥斯卡•王尔德眼中别样的美和残酷的现实。在借鉴了大量资料的基础上，此篇论文旨在通过阐述作者的生平经历、人生观价值观，以及对小说中人物和情景的分析，来给读者展现不堪一击的华美背后血肉模糊的残酷现实。在论文核心部分，文章阐述了奥斯卡·王尔德与其小说中三大主人公间的紧密联系。论文结尾处，旨在点出文章的中心，即太唯美的事物终会被残酷的现实打败。尽管论文中存在局限性，但仍期望通过此篇文章让读者从另一个角度来解读这部小说，对小说作者也做出全新的认识。关键词：奥斯卡•王尔德;道林格雷;唯美主义;现实ContentsStatement(inChinese)…………………..IAbstract(inEnglish)…………………..…IIAbstract(inChinese)...………………….IIII.Introduction..…………….……..……1II.AboutOscarWilde………………..…………………1A.CommentsonOscarWilde……….……………….1B.WhatIThinkofOscarWilde….……….………….2III.ManbehindMasks……..……..2A.AllMenLivewithMasks……2B.ThreeSidesofOscarWild………….……………..2IV.FragileBeauty…………………3A.ArtHastheHighestValue…………3B.CrueltybehindBeauty3V.Conclusion3Bibliography5Acknowledgements6BeautyandCrueltyBehindThePictureofDorianGrayI.IntroductionThePictureofDorianGraysetinlate19thcenturyofBritain,theso-calledVictorianAge.IttellsastoryaboutayoungmancalledDorianGraywhobelongstotheupperclassofthebourgeoisie.Beingextremelyhandsome,heishighlyadmiredbyhisfriend,apainter,BasilHallwardwhodrawsavividportraitforhim.However,attheinstigationofLordHenry,aglibandsophisticatedmanwhoisafriendofBasil,Doriancomestorealizehisownbeautyandstartsworryingaboutthelossofhisevanescentglamor.SohedecidestomakeadealwiththeGodatthecostofhissoulforimmortalbeauty.HegetssoindulgedinHenry’sprincipleofpursuinginstantsensualpleasuresthathegraduallyloseshispureself,abandoninghimselfinpursuitofallkindsofbeauty,havingnosenseofguilty,andevenmurdershisbestfriendBasilintheend.Allthosehorriblethingshedoescannotmatchhischarmingface.TherealDorianremainsasfreshaseverwhilethemaninthatportraitwhotakesresponsibilityofallthesinhasanincreasinglydistortedface.Eventually,inordertocompletelyruinhisconscience,hedestroysthepicturewiththeveryknifewhichheusedtokillBasil,onlytoputanendtohisownlife.SpeakingofthisonlynovelbyOscarWilde,peoplehavevariousviews.Afterpublishedin1891,thenovelwasconfrontedwithalmostsimultaneouscriticismfromthecircleofBritishnewspapers.SomearticlesregardeditasaproductofFrenchdecadentliterature,somethingpoisonousandfilledwiththecollapseofmoralityandspirits.Itwasalsotakenasanunethicalbookwhichinsultedthevaluesoftheupperclassonthetable.Yet,thenovelstillgotsomesupporterslikeJasonEpstein.HesaidinhisarticleofMarch5,1998ontheNewYorkBookReviewthatitwasnotjustthehypocrisyoftheVictorianAgewhichWildechallengedwithhiscoxcombicalappearanceandextremeaestheticism,moreover,whathereallychallengedwasthemostobstinatelawsanddisciplineritesinthehistoryofBritain.[6]Now,theVictorianAgehaslonggone.It’stimeforustositdown,pickupthenovel,andre-analyzethisself-assumednotoriouswriterfromamodernperspective.Wilde’suniqueunderstandingofart,lifeandlove,alongwiththecouragetoexpresshisverythought,notonlylendscharmtohisownfigurebutalsochargesthenovelwithspecialmeaningandfeeling.II.AboutOscarWildeA. CommentsonOscarWildeOscarWilde,borninIreland,wasagreatscholarwhoenjoyedequalfamewithGeorgeBernardShawinthe19thcentury.Hewasarepresentativefigureofaestheticism,andalsooneoftheadvocatorsoftheideathatartforart’ssake.PeoplehavemixedcommentsonWilde.[2]Thosewhoappreciatehisstylethinkofhimasagreatmanthathighlyupheldtheartofaestheticisminhisownway,whilecriticsshowstrongdisapprovaltohimbecauseofhispropositiontolivewithmasks,hisacceptanceofhomosexualityandhiscomplicatedoutlookonlife.Inspiteofallthecontroversy,OscarWildewasamanwhodancedinthestormofliterature,bangedthedrumforaestheticism,andfoughtbravelyinthehomoerotismmovement.Whatheleftbehindwasfarmorethanwhatheonceprocessed.B.WhatIThinkofOscarWildeItishardtosaywhetherOscarWildeisanangeloradevil.Hiseccentricityisnotabigdealintoday’smulticulturalsociety,butbacktotheagehelivedin,hisparticularhobbiesmightleadtohisinfamyandsufferinginjail.Thismaybethereasonwhyhehadanextremelyfrustratedlifeinhislateryears.However,frommypointofview,whatreallyaccountsforWilde’smisfortuneishispridetogetherwithhisinfatuationforbeauty.Hisideathateventheslightestmomentsoflifehavesomethingtodowithaestheticswasthenoutoftunewiththesociety.[3]Therefore,somepeoplecallhimadispiritedman,theviewpointwhichIdon’tapproveof.TheyneglectedthefactthatWildewasborninanoblefamilywithsuperiorlivingconditionsandgrewupinaplainsailing,soitwastheflamboyantenvironmentthatformedhisconceptofartandliterature.Asforme,Wildeisaninbornoptimistaswellasacheerfulhedonist.Iffatehadgrantedhimadecentlifeinhislateryears,hecouldhavebeenamildconservative,arosewithoutanythorn.III.ManbehindMasksA.AllMenLivewithMasksWildeonceemphasizedthatamanwasinhisleastselfwhenhespokeninperson.Heheldthebeliefthatallmenlivedwithmasks,especiallyauthorswhowereinneedofflexiblemaskstocatertovariouspurposesinwriting.Onlyonthepremiseofhidingtheirtrueselvescantheyexpresstheirideas,unveilthetruth,satirizethesocietyandunveilthesinattheirownwill.[6]Bythistoken,ThePictureofDorianGray,thebookinwhichconveythethemethatoneisdoomedtobepunishedbecauseofvillainy,seemstobethemasterpiecebyOscarWildeunderhiscarefulcamouflages.Inthisbook,Dorian’sbeautyisnothingbutanevilmaskunderwhichhehideshisuglysoul.Itisthismaskthatleadshimtotheirreversiblefallfromgrace,andeventuallyhisdeath.B.ThreeSidesofOscarWildeWildehasoncesaid,“BasilHallwardiswhatIthinkIam;LordHenrywhattheworldthinksme;DorianwhatIwouldliketobe”[2].Thethreemaincharacters,thoughhaveuniquefeaturesinartisticimage,representthethreesidesofOscarWildefromdifferentperspectives.BasilstandsfortheWildewithamaskofanartist;HenryisjustliketheWildewithamaskofanadvocatorofaestheticismandhedonism;andDorianistheWildewithamaskofasophisticateoflifeorapractitioneroftheory.ThecontradictionamongthethreecharactersisexactlytheoneamongthedifferentselvesofWilde.WhatIappreciatemostisthathehasneverdeniedthecontradictorinessinsidehimself.Onthecontrary,heconsciouslychosethesuitablemasksinaccordancewiththekindofpeoplehemetandtheplacehewent.Therefore,Wildewasjustlikeathorninthebodyofupperclass,disdainingandcriticizingtheessenceofhypocrisywhilebeingunavoidablyinvolvedinit.IV.FragileBeautyA.ArtHastheHighestValueArtwasofthesupremevaluethroughWilde’slife,evenwhenhewasputinjail.Havingsuchobsessionwithbeautyandzealforart,hehadhisdistinctiveideas.TocriticizethesocietydirectlywasnotthestyleofWilde.Instead,hisidealwastocleansethetruthinanartisticway,whichhehasalreadyachievedinthebook,ThePictureofDorianGray.B.CrueltybehindBeautyWildewasskilledinbuildingupsomethinginabeautifulway,anddestroyingitinthesameway.ThiscanbeprovedinThePictureofDorianGray.Atthebeginningofthestory,WildemadeanutmostefforttoshowusthefascinatingbeautyofDorian.Hewrote,“Yes,hewascertainlywonderfullyhandsome,withhisfinely-curvedscarletlips,hisfrankblueeyes,hiscrispgoldhair.Therewassomethinginhisfacethatmadeonetrusthimatonce.Allthecandorofyouthwasthere,aswellasallyouth’spassionatepurity.Onefeltthathehadkepthimselfunspottedfromtheworld.”[1]However,asthepagesturned,Wildegraduallyruinedtheimageofapureandinnocentyoungman,andturnedhimintoamercilessandselfishkillerwholosthimselfincomfortandindulgence.Likewise,WildedestroyedthebeautifullovebetweenDorianandSybill.DorianfellinlovewithSybillbecauseofherperformancewhichmakeshimregardherastheembodimentofart.AndthattheydeeplyadmireeachotherinducesustobelievethattheirlovefueledbyaplayofShakespeare'swilllastforever.ButthenDorianfoundthatSybillisnotthatperfectwhenshewasnotbeinganyofthecharactersbuthertrueself.Sotheirlove,defeatedbyreality,endswiththesuddenchangeofDorian’sattitudetowardsSybillandherunexpecteddeath.ReaderscandrawcrueltyfromthebeautyWildeshowedus,andthisseemstobetheparticularwayinwhichhesoughtresonancewithreaders.V.ConclusionThePictureofDorianGraydawnsonustheinseparablerelationbetweenartandmorality.Inotherwords,artusuallyhassomethingdealwithmoralitywhilemoralityoftensetsrestrainttoart.Thenovel,atthesametime,tellsusthatanythingwhichistoogorgeousorevenartisticcannotwithstandasingleblowofcruelreality.ThoughWilde’sunrulinessinthoughtsandactionshaswonhimtotalnotoriety,therearestillsomeshiningpointsinhisuniqueideology,hisindividualunderstandingofloveandlife,aswellashiswildattitudetowardsart.Hence,whenpeoplehighlyevaluatetheinfluencebroughtaboutbythemartyrdomofJesusChristandSocrates,theyshouldalsogiveamoreveraciousevaluationtoOscarWilde,andtothegreatspiritualtreasureheleftbehind.Bibliography[1]MaryC.King.DiggingforDarwin:bitterwisdominthepictureofDorianGrayand'thecriticasarti