2011年6月大学英语六级考试真题

2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part

Ⅰ

Writing

(30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

TheCertificateCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……TheCertificateCraze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartII

ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

(15minutes)Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson

AnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MinorityReportAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetolda"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofPrivatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaorthe"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%of

median

(中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttothe

rigor

(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost

(教务长)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonWitheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushed

mentoring

(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.Ifthe注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.

Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?A)

Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.B)

Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.C)

Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.D)

Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.2.

WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinA)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.B)

ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.C)

Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.3.

WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B)

Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.C)

Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.4.

HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?A)

Fifty-sixpercent.

C)Fifteenpercent.B)

Thirty-ninepercent.

D)Sixty-sevenpercent.5.

Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause

.A)theirstudentsworkharder

C)theirclassesaregenerallysmallerB)

theyrecruitthebeststudents

D)theygivestudentsmoreattention6.

HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?A)Universitiesaretoblame.B)

Studentsdon'tworkhard.C)

Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.7.

Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.B)

Theycannotaffordthehightuition.C)

Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.8.

Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.9.

Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.10.

WashingtonandLeePartIII

ListeningComprehension

(35minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet

2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.

A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B)

Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C)

Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.D)

Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.12.

A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.

C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.

D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.13.

A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.B)

Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.C)

Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.D)

Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.B)

Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.C)

ItgotlostattheairportinParis.D)

Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.B)

Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.C)

Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.D)

Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.16.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.B)

Thewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.C)

Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.D)

Thewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.17.

A)Theyarebothtoblame.B)

Theyarebotheasytoplease.C)

Theycanmanagetogetalong.D)

Theywillmakepeaceintime.18.

A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.B)

Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.C)

Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.D)

Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.B)

Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.C)

Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.B)

Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.C)

Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.D)Theydon'twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.B)

It'sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.C)

It'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.22.A)Toirritatethem.

C)Torelieveherfeelings.

B)Toteachthemalesson.

D)Toshowhercourage.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.

A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.

C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.

B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.

D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.24.

A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.B)

HetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.C)

HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiD)

HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.25.A)Givehimalift.

C)Checkthepassengerlist.

B)FindAlfredFoster.

D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.B)

Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.C)

Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.D)

Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.B)

Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.C)

Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.D)

Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.28.A)Theroleoftravelagents.

C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.

B)Thewaypeopletravel.

D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.

A)

Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.B)

Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.C)

Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.D)

Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.B)

Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.C)

Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.B)

Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.C)

Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.D)

Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.B)

ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.C)

Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.D)

Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.B)

Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.C)

Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.B)

Theyareverydestructive.C)

Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.

C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.

B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.

D)Workasanewspapereditor.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36)_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37)_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.That's(38)_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39)_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)_____ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41)_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:"maximizers"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"satisficers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44)_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereason(45)_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)_________________________________.PartIV

ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

(25minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Pleasewriteyouranswerson

AnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Your

gutreaction

(本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.47.

Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.48.

Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.49.

Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.50.

Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.51.

Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.SectionBDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe

fiscal

(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversity注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)

Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.B)

TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.C)

Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.D)

Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?A)

Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.B)

Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.C)

Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.D)

Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?A)

Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.B)

Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.C)

Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.D)

Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?A)

Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.B)

Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.C)

Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.D)

Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.B)

Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.C)

Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonItmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitytha