unit1StartingoutUnderstandingideas（文档）高一系列（2019必修第三册）

Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou单元概要单元概要主题语境本单元为“人与社会”主题语境下对“良好的人际关系与社会交往”的探讨。文章以一名高中生在输掉比赛后因口无遮拦的抱怨而产生的麻烦为主线，展示了一封求助信和一封建议信；接着介绍了如何维持良好的人际关系、善意的谎言等内容。通过学习，能够正确处理自身情绪、懂得正确的交友之道并了解人际交往过程中出现危机后的化解方式。语言知识主题词汇loose,sink,fault,resolve,strategy,signal,breath,concern,annoyed,duty,adjust,accident,ensure,forgive,criticise,embarrassment,frank,tear,moreover,independent,helpout,letdown,letoffsteam,takeabreath,pullone'sweight,byaccident,becrazyabout,workout,aswellas,concentrateon/upon,befilledwith,lookdownon/upon句式(1)完全倒装；(2)that引导宾语从句；(3)It＋动词的被动语态＋that从句；(4)同位语从句；(5)sothat引导目的状语从句；(6)名词短语引导的时间状语从句语法过去分词(短语)作状语语用表达请求和拒绝文化知识在人际交往过程中，无论在何种文化背景下，如果对于某件事情说得太多，尤其是在愤怒的时候，都非常容易产生各种麻烦。在英语中对此的表达为“Looselipssinkships(口风不紧船舰沉)”，汉语中则用“言多必失”来表示。虽然表述不同，但是这两句话的警示作用是相同的。如果我们能谨记这样的道理，做到先思而后言、先思而后行，就能避免很多不必要的困扰。语言技能理解性技能通过阅读获取语篇中的关键信息，把握语篇的基本结构，理解文章主旨大意。表达性技能学会表达请求和拒绝，能够使用恰当、礼貌的语言拒绝某事；能够表述自己对引文的理解。SectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas目标导航1．课时任务：通过语篇阅读学会如何描述问题和如何提出建议。理解“言多必失”的道理，明白正确的交友之道。了解求助信以及建议信的基本结构，掌握此类信件的基本用语。目标导航2．语篇导读：本节内容包括两封信件——一封求助信和一封建议信。求助信中本说明了自己口无遮拦的抱怨所带来的一系列问题以及这些问题给自己带来的困扰；回信(建议信)中知心阿姨先帮助本分析了产生问题的原因，随后提出了三条建议，以帮助本解决问题。3．语言知识：signal,breath,concern,letdown，完全倒装，that引导宾语从句等。单词单词拓展Ⅰ.核心单词1．________n.蒸汽，水蒸气2．________v.使(船)沉没3．________n.责任，过错4．________n.呼出的气5．________n.计谋，策略；行动计划Ⅱ.拓展单词1．________adj.松的，控制不严的→________adv.松地；松散地→________v．松开；变松2．________n．担心，忧虑vt.(使)担忧；涉及→________adj.担心的；关注的→________prep.有关，关于Ⅲ.阅读单词1．agonyn.____________2．lipn.____________Ⅳ.重点短语，英汉互译1．helpout____________2．letoffsteam____________3．letdown____________4．looselipssinkships____________5．____________吸一口气6．____________适应；融合；与……一致7．____________向某人求助8．____________对……着迷9．____________杂乱；混乱10．____________集中精力于11．____________与……交流12．____________前进Ⅴ.重点句型1．____________________________，Isaidallthistomybestfriend.由于对他的行为很失望，所以我就对我最要好的朋友说了这一切。2．________，apologisetoyourteammate...________，talktoyourfriend...________，...thinkaboutyourownbehaviour.首先，向你的队友道歉……然后和你的朋友谈谈……第三……想想你自己的所作所为。3．I'mcrazyaboutbasketball,andprettygoodatittoo,________isprobably________Iwassomadwhenwelostourlastmatch.我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长，这可能就是为什么我们输掉最后一场比赛的时候我很生气。语篇理解语篇理解Ⅰ.速读：匹配下列段落大意1．Part1(Para.1)________2．Part2(Para.2)________3．Part3(Paras.3－4)________A．Bendoesn'tknowhowtodealwithhisbestfriend'seffectofrepeatinghiswords.B．BenneedsAgonyAunt'shelp.C．Benfeelsletdownbyhisteammate'sbehaviour.AgonyAunt'ssuggestions：4．Part1(Paras.1－3)________5．Part2(Paras.4－6)________6．Part3(Paras.7－8)________A．Thinkabouteveryone'sfeelingsandeverythingworksout.B．LooselipssinkshipsandBenshouldtrusthisbestfriendandalwaysthinkbeforespeaking.C．Benneedstodo:apologisetoandworkwithhisteammate,talktohisfriendandthinkabouthisownbehaviour.Ⅱ.细读：选择最佳答案1．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfitforthispassage?A．Benisnowintrouble.B．Bendoesn'tworkwellwithhisteammate.C．AgonyAunttalkstoBenfacetoface.D．AgonyAuntsupportsBen'saction.2．WhydoesBenfeelletdownbyhisteammate?A．Bendoesn'tknowhisteammate.B．Histeammateperformsbadlyonthecourt.C．Bendoesn'tliketoworkwithhim.D．Histeammatehasmuchexperienceofbasketball.3．HowdoesAgonyAuntdowhenshehaslearnedBen'ssituations?A．Shewishestolookintothemfurther.B．SheconsultsBenhowtodealwiththem.C．Sheobjectivelyanalyzesthesituations.D．ShehopestohelpBenwithsomething.4．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．Howtodealwithconflictsbetweenteammates.B．AgonyAuntexplainsthecausesofproblems.C．“Looselipssinkships”meanscausingallkindsoftrouble.D．AgonyAunthelpsBentoresolvesomeproblems.知识精讲知识精讲►第一版块：重点词汇诠释1．signalvi.&vt.发信号n.信号(教材原句)Thisgivespeoplethewrongsignal.这会传递给别人错误的信息。(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(to)sb.that...示意某人……(2)giveasignal(tosb.)(向某人)发信号(3)(近义词)sign,symbol[经典例句]①Theleaderssawthevisitasanimportantsignalofsupport.领导人把这次访问看作是表示支持的重要信号。②Shesignalledthatshewasmovingforward.她示意她要向前走。③Thepolicemansignalledthetraffictomoveforwardslowly.警察示意车辆缓慢前进。图片助记：活学活用单句语法填空(1)Hesignaledthewomandriver________(stop)thecarbyraisinghishand.句式升级(2)Thepolicemansignaled(to)thedrivertocrosstheroad.→Thepolicemansignaled(to)thedriverthat________________________．→Thepoliceman________________________________theroad.(signaln．)2.concernvt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系(教材原句)Ifyoufeeloneofyourteammatesisn'tpullingtheirweight,thenraiseyourconcernsinaprofessionalwaywithyourteamcoach.如果你觉得你其中一名队友没有尽职尽责，那就以专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担忧。(1)show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关心(2)concernoneselfabout对……表示关心/担心(3)concernedadj.担心的；关注的；相关的beconcernedabout/for担心……；关心……asfaras...beconcerned就……而言；依……之见(4)concerningprep.关于；有关(5)(近义词)worry,involve[经典例句]①Sheconcernsherselfwithitshistoricalbackground.她对它的历史背景感兴趣。②Itconcernsmethatyounolongerseemtocareaboutthem.你似乎不再关心他们了，这令我担忧。③Ihavebeenconcernedaboutyoulately.最近我有些担心你。④Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerningtheinterview.我写信是想知道你是否可能提供给我有关面试的信息。易错提示：①concern作“担心，关注”讲时是不可数名词，但表示“担心的事，关切的事”时是可数名词。②concerned作定语时，位置不同，含义有别：作前置定语时，意为“担忧的”aconcernedlook担忧的表情；作后置定语时，意为“相关的”thepeopleconcerned相关人员。活学活用单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Thepresidentexpressedgreatconcern________thetrafficaccident.(2)Theprofessorwilldeliveralecture________(concern)environmentprotection.(3)Asfarasthetoll-freepolicyontheexpressway________(concern),what________(concern)usmostisthetrafficjamswhilesomeareconcerned________thesafety.(4)就我个人来说，这一课让我改变了许多。________________________，Ihavechangedalotbecauseofthelesson.3.looseadj.松的；控制不严的v．松开，释放(教材原句)ThereisanoldAmericansaying,“Looselipssinkships.”美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”(1)aloosedress 一件宽松的连衣裙getloose 松开come/becomeloose 变松(2)looselyadv. 松弛地[经典例句]①Checkthattheplughasnotcomeloose.检查一下别让插头松脱了。②Hecuthimselfloosefromhisfamily.他摆脱了家庭的束缚。③Heloosedthestrapsthatboundherarms.他松开了绑在她手臂上的带子。④Theparcelhadonlybeenlooselywrapped,andthewrappingpaperhadcomeoff.这个包裹只是被松散地裹着，而且上面的包装纸已经掉了。熟词生义：loosev.释放，发泄(不愉快的事物)；释放(某人或某物，尤指动物)联想拓展：形容词接后缀-en变为动词，如loose→loosen使放松，又如weak→weaken削弱，(使)变弱活学活用单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Farmersaremakinguseoftheirsparetimeto________(loose)thesoil.(2)在实验室里，学生被要求把松开的头发扎在后面。Thestudentsareaskedtotiebacktheir____________inthelab.4.sinkv.使(船)沉没(sank;sunk或sunk；sunken)(教材原句)ThereisanoldAmericansaying,“Looselipssinkships.”美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”(1)sinktothebottomof沉到……的底部sinkdown沉落(2)sinkingadj.下沉的；颓丧的；抑郁的n.下沉asinkingsun落日[经典例句]①Theirmotorboatstruckarockandbegantosink.他们的摩托艇触了礁，开始下沉。②Hepausedtoallowhiswordstosinkin.他停了一下，好让人充分领会他的意思。③Shejustsatthere,sunkinthought.她只一味地坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。④Wesankalloursavingsintotheventure.我们把所有的积蓄都投进了那家企业。熟词生义：sink：倒下；颓然坐下(尤因疲倦或虚弱)；陷入sinkintoachair颓然倒在椅子上sinktothefloor倒在地板上sinkintopoverty陷入贫困中活学活用单句语法填空(1)Wewentbacktothespotwheretheship________thedaybefore.(2)Witha________(sink)feeling,herealizedthatheactuallyenjoyeddoingit.5.fitinwith适应；符合；与……一致(教材原句)Difficultiesfittinginwithothers.适应其他人的困难。(1)fitin适应(2)keepfit(＝keephealthy)保持健康(3)befitfor...适合……(4)befittodosth.适合做某事[经典例句]①Ijoinedtheclubbutdidnotfitin.我加入了那个俱乐部，但并不适应。②Youshouldfitinwithotheremployees.你应该与其他雇员配合好。易错辨析：fit,suit与matchfit指大小，形状合适，衣服合身；suit指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位等，也指衣服的款式、颜色等适合；match强调两者搭配协调。活学活用单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfitting________atYellowstone.(2)她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthem________．6.let...down使失望；辜负(教材原句)Weplayedwell,butIfelttheteamwereletdownbyonemember,ourpointguard.我们打得很好，但我觉得有一名队员拖了我们队的后腿——我们的控球后卫。(1)letalone更不用说(2)let...alone不要碰，不干涉(3)letgoof放开；释放(某人)；放过(某事)(4)letout释放；发出(叫喊等)；放宽，放大(衣服等)(5)letoffsteam发泄怒火[经典例句]①Ihaveletyoudown，andIhaveletdownmyfans.我让你们失望了，而且也让我的粉丝们失望了。②...wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.……我们尚未发明一款防火墙来对付普通人，更不用说超级智能机器了。熟词生义：letoff放出；宽恕；准许……暂停工作；使某物爆炸活学活用用let的短语填空(1)Hedecidedto____________hisplanandhadaholiday.(2)Oneboyhad____________afireworkinclass.(3)Thegirlwon'tletyoutouchherthings,____________herfavoritetoy.(4)Hemadetroubleagainandagain,which________herparents________．7.concentrateon全神贯注于；集中精力于(教材原句)Embarrassedandashamed,Ican'tconcentrateonanything.感到尴尬和羞愧，我不能集中在任何事情上。concentrateone'sattention/mind/energyon将某人的注意力/思想/精力集中于……[经典例句]①I'mconcentratingmyeffortsonpreparingfortomorrow'sinterview.我正集中精力准备明天的面试。②Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次做主演的演出邀请。联想拓展：“全神贯注于……”的其他表达：focusonfocus/fixone'smind/attentiononbeburied/lost/absorbedinpayattentiontoputone'sheartintodevoteoneselfto活学活用单句语法填空(1)Asastudent,youshouldconcentrate________yourstudy.(2)WhenIentered,theboyconcentratedon________(write)areport.8.inamess杂乱；混乱；陷入困境(教材原句)I'minatotalmesshere—hopeyoucanhelpmeout!我现在一团糟——希望你能帮我一把！(1)(be)inamess杂乱，混乱；陷入困境(2)makeamessof弄乱；把……弄糟(3)Whatamess!真乱啊！(4)messup把……弄糟；使心情恶劣[经典例句]①Someonemusthavebrokenintotheroombecauseeverythingisinamess.一定有人闯进过这个房间，因为一切都是乱糟糟的。②Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy！真乱啊！你总是那么懒！联想拓展：messn.混乱，脏乱v.弄脏；弄乱↓messyadj.凌乱的；使不整洁的；(情况)棘手的活学活用单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Theroomis________amessanditwilltakeusalongtimetocleanit.(2)Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomess________that.(3)她说宠物会把屋子弄得一团糟。Shesayspetscan________________thehouse.9．helpout帮助某人摆脱困境(教材原句)I'minatotalmesshere—hopeyoucanhelpmeout!我现在一团糟——希望你能帮我一把！[经典例句]①Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.一个好邻居也是一个喜欢在小事上帮助别人的人。②Thismedicineisoflittlehelptoyourillness.这个药对你的病没什么作用。易错辨析：can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事can'thelpbutdosth.不得不做某事活学活用单句语法填空(1)Davidisalwayswillingtohelpme________whenIamintrouble.(2)Jackcan'thelp________(be)worriedabouthisfuture.(3)Pleasehelp________(you)tosomecakes.10.becrazyabout对……着迷(教材原句)I'mcrazyaboutbasketball,andprettygoodatittoo,whichisprobablywhyIwassomadwhenwelostourlastmatch.我对篮球很痴迷并且还很擅长，这可能是我们输掉上次的比赛时我发疯的原因。(1)becrazywithdelight欣喜若狂(2)soundcrazy听起来疯狂(3)likecrazy拼命地；极快地(4)drivesb.crazy把某人逼疯(5)gocrazy发疯；失去理智[经典例句]Sheisnowcrazyaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissanychancetoattendaconcertwithherhusband.她现在对古典音乐很着迷，不会错过任何与丈夫一起去听音乐会的机会。联想拓展：gocrazy是系表结构，go此处视为系动词，常表示向不好的方向变化，类似的还有gobad变质，gomad发疯。活学活用单句语法填空/完成句子(1)WhenIwasachild,Iwascrazy________paintingandIoncedreamedofbecomingapainter.(2)这个男孩拼命地晃着这棵树。Theboyshookthetree____________．►第二版块：重点句型解构1．(教材原句)Disappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Iwasjustlettingoffsteam...由于对他的行为很失望，所以我就对我最要好的朋友说了这一切。我当时真的只是在发泄怒火……过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。主语是过去分词动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开。(1)作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill(＝Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill),theschoollookslikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，这个学校像个大花园。(2)作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。Givenmoreattention(＝Ifitwasgivenmoreattention),thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意一些，这场大火本来能避免的。(3)作原因状语时，可转换为because,as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。Encouraged(＝Asshewasencouraged)bytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.由于受到老师鼓励，这个女孩非常高兴。(4)作让步状语时，可转换为though,although或evenif引导的从句，常放在句首。Left(＝Althoughshewasleft)aloneathome,Jennydidn'tfeelafraidatall.尽管被单独留在家里，但是珍妮一点儿都不害怕。(5)作方式或伴随状语时，可位于句首或句末，常可转换为并列分句。Surroundedbyhisstudents,theteacherwentintothelab.(＝Theteacherwassurroundedbyhisstudentsandhewentintothelab.)这个老师被学生们环绕着走进了实验室。活学活用单句语法填空(1)________(lose)inthought,healmostknockedintothebigtreeinfrontofhim.(2)Time,________(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.(3)________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.(4)________(see)fromthemoon,ourearthwithwatercoveredaboutseventypercentofitssurface,appearsasablueball.(5)Somepeopleagainsttollboothsarguethatroads,once________(build),shouldbefree.2.(教材原句)First,apologisetoyourteammate...Then,talktoyourfriend...Thirdly...thinkaboutyourownbehaviour.首先，向你的队友道歉……然后，和你的朋友谈谈……第三……想想你自己的所作所为。写作时表达次序的用法还有：firstofall第一what'smore而且；更重要的是；另外besides其次inaddition另外lastbutnotleast最后但也同等重要的是ononehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……①Fristofall,youshouldknowwhatprofessionsuitsyou.首先，你该知道什么职业适合你。②What'smoreimportantthanfamily？有什么比家人更重要？③OntheonehandshetaughEnglish;ontheotherhandshelearnedChinese.她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。活学活用完成句子(1)首先，互联网有一条黄金法则……第二，保护好你的隐私。第三，要有礼貌。____________，there'sthegoldenruleoftheInternet...________，protectyourprivacy.________，bepolite.(2)更重要的是，为了深入了解中国文化，了解唐诗的内容是很重要的。____________，inordertohaveagoodknowledgeofChineseculture,itisofimportanceforyoutobeawareofthecontentofTangPoetry.能力拓展能力拓展Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Inanelectricpowerplanttheheatconvertswaterintohigh-pressure________(蒸汽).2．Usealockertostoreyourthings.Wear________(宽松的)andcomfortableclothing.3．Astheoutsideofthestar________(下沉)towardthecentre,thestargetssmallerandsmaller.4．Theymustfollowitwithoutotherchoices,eventhoughthe________(错误)washis.5．I've________(决定)toputthosepeopleIlovebeforeeverythingfromnowon.6．Ifyour________(策略)succeeds,youwillmakegreatprogressinyourstudy.7．Withinacoupleofdays,brainslearntoignorethe________(信号)fromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.8．Bymile17,Ibecameoutof________(呼气)andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.9．Youcanalsoshareyour________(担忧)withothersandfindwaystopromoteenvironmentaleducation.10．Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen________(分离)fromtheirphones.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Idon'tworkhere.Ijusthelp________atthemoment.2．Ihopeyouwon'tlet________myexpectation.3．AtthattimeIjust________(concentrate)ongettingthere—stillone-legged.4．Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,________(especial)inthemornings.5．Ifyoufeeloneofyourteammatesisn'tpullinghis________(weigh),raiseyourconcernsinaprofessionalwaywithyourteamcoach.6．It's________(part)truethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.7．Ipersonallywouldbemore________(concern)forayoungmanwhohastobecomeindependent.8．Carelessusersandlocalguardsare________(blame)forthepilingbikes.Ⅲ.完成句子1．从塔顶上看，我们的城市很壮观。________________________，ourcitylooksmagnificent.2．由于伤势严重，他不得不被送往医院。____________，hehadtobetakentohospital.3．她匆忙走向自己的车，后面跟着她的朋友。Shehurrieduptohercar,____________________．4．首先他们发现一个问题，然后想出一个解决方案，最后试图解决它。________theyfindaproblem,________workoutasolutionand________trytoresolveit.5．首先我们分组讨论了这个话题。然后各组和全班同学分享了自己的看法，最后我们选择了最好的一个。________wediscussedthetopicingroups.________everygroupsharedtheirideaswiththeclass,and________wechosethebestone.Ⅳ.课文语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Looselipssinkships”isanoldAmericansaying,1.________meansthatifyouspeaktoomuchaboutsomething,2.________willcauseallkindsoftrouble.Thesituationissomuch3.________(bad)becausethe“looselips”wereBen'sbestfriend's.4.________(treat)thisway,Benissure5.________(feel)hurt,butweshouldalwaysbeabletotrustthoseclosesttous,andithurtsevenmorewhenwefindwecan't.It's6.________(understand)inthatsituation,butweshouldalwaysthinkbeforewespeak.Here'swhatBenneedstodo.First,apologise7.________histeammate.Ifhewantstowinanymorebasketballgames,theyneedtoworktogether.Second,talktohisfriend.